中国农业科学 ›› 2006, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1756-1764 .

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

大豆不育性自然变异的发现与鉴定

赵团结 盖钧镒   

  1. 南京农业大学大豆研究所 南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2006-02-17 修回日期:2006-03-13 出版日期:2006-09-10 发布日期:2006-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 盖钧镒

Detection and Identification of Natural Variation of Sterility in Soybean

  

  1. 南京农业大学大豆研究所 南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室
  • Received:2006-02-17 Revised:2006-03-13 Online:2006-09-10 Published:2006-09-10

摘要: 1998-2003年从8327份大豆资源和414个大豆杂种后代群体中分别获得11和6个不育新种质。对这17个不育种质与原亲代形态性状比较结果表明10个从大豆资源群体所获得的不育种质与原亲本相似,其不育性可能由基因突变所致。17个不育材料中13个雄性完全不育,4个部分不育,由人工平行杂交试验结果及不育株自然结荚状况可将不育种质的雌性育性分为可育、部分不育和完全不育3类,雌雄育性组合有6种不育类型。17个不育材料中7个为雄性完全不育-雌性可育类型(MS-FF),其中NJS-3H、NJS-4H、NJS-8H具有良好的自然异交结荚能力;2个为雄性完全不育-雌性部分不育类型(MS-FPS); 2个为雄性部分不育-雌性可育类型(MPS-FF);另各有1个分别为雌雄完全不育(MS-FS)、雌雄部分不育(MPS-FPS)和雄性部分不育-雌性完全不育类型(MPS-FS),还有3个表现雄性不育,雌性育性有待进一步分析。遗传分析表明新发现的核不育材料均为由核基因控制的核不育材料。其中NJS-8H(单显性基因遗传的MS-FF类型)、NJS-2H和NJS-12H(单隐性基因遗传的MS-FPS新类型)、NJS-9(可能受双隐性基因控制的MPS-FF类型)、NJS-7H(受双隐性基因控制的MPS-FPS类型)、NJS-10H(花和叶形均异常的MPS-FS类型)等不育性类型为以往未曾报导的。其他材料的不育性均受单隐性基因控制。5个品种大群体测定结果,不育性突变频率为0~1.87×10-4,通过自然变异选择可获得不同类型的大豆核不育种质,应重视自然变异的选择与积累,以供进一步雌雄育性变异与生殖生物学研究及其育种利用。

关键词: 大豆, 核不育, 雌雄育性, 遗传

Abstract: Sterile plants were screened from 8327 soybean landraces and 414 hybrid populations during 1998-2003, and eleven and six sterile lines were identified and evaluated respectively. Ten of the eleven sterile lines obtained from different landraces might be natural mutants according to their morphological and agronomical performances similar to their corresponding parents. Among the 17 sterile lines, 13 lines performed completely male sterile and four lines were male partially sterile, and the female fertility of these lines could also be divided into fertile, partially sterile and completely sterile according to the results of parallel crossing and natural outcrossing rate of sterile lines, therefore, all the sterile lines were grouped into six male and female performance types. Among them, seven lines belonged to the male-sterile and female-fertile (MS-FF) type (including NJS-3H, NJS-4H, NJS-8H with good outcrossing ability); two lines (NJS-2H, NJS-12H) were male sterile, female partially sterile (MS-FPS); two lines(NJS-9, NJS-11H) were male partially sterile, female fertile(MPS-FF); three lines NJS-18H, NJS-7H, NJS-10H were male-sterile and female-sterile (MS-FS), both male and female partially sterile(MPS-FPS), and male partially sterile and female sterile(MPS-FS) types, respectively; and other three lines(NJS-17H、NJS-20H、NJS-22H) were male sterile but female fertility uncertain yet. The results of genetic analyses showed that the sterility of 17 lines was controlled by nuclear gene(s). Some sterile lines, including NJS-8H (MS-FF type controlled by one dominant gene), NJS-2H and NJS-12 (MS-FPS new type by one recessive gene), NJS-9 (MPS-FF type by two recessive genes), NJS-7H (MPS-FPS type by two recessive genes), and NJS-10H (MPS-FS type with abnormal flower structure and leaf shape), were new sterility types in soybean, and other lines appeared one recessive gene inheritance. The mutation rate of sterility was estimated as 0~1.87×10-4 from five cultivars with large population size. The present study indicates that there exists certain amount of natural variation and mutants in sterility which are feasible to be obtained through natural variation selection and could be used as elite sources for further research on developmental and reproductive biology as well as in breeding programs of soybeans.

Key words: Soybean, Nuclear male sterility (NMS), Male and female fertility, Inheritance