关键词: 非洲猪瘟, 疫苗, 研发策略, 应用前景

Abstract: African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) and the mortality of acute ASF is as high as 100%. Since ASF was introduced to China in 2018, the global prevalence and impacts of ASF are increasing. After more than three years of the epidemic of the virulent genotype II ASFV, low virulent genotypes II and I ASFV strains emerged, resulting in an extremely complicated situation for the control and eradication of ASF in China. As an effective tool for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the research and development of ASF vaccines have received considerable attention from the government, pig industry, vaccine manufacturers, and the scientific community. With the continuous investment of ASF research funding in recent years, based on development strategies of inactivation, attenuation, subunit, viral vector, and DNA vaccines, unprecedented progress has been made in the development of ASF vaccines, which increased our understanding of ASF vaccine development and evaluation. And some promising ASF vaccine candidates have been evaluated in preclinical models and are currently in clinical trials, showing good application prospects, but there are still some problems hindering its further development. With a focus on the latest advances in ASF vaccines, this review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different vaccines development strategies, the comprehensive evaluation of current ASF vaccine candidates, the development direction in the future, the challenges in developing safe and efficacious ASF vaccines, and the application prospects of ASF vaccines, to provide some insights for industry insiders.

Key words: African swine fever, vaccines, development strategies, application prospects