不同甘蔗品种/系脱叶性综合评价及叶鞘离区细胞形态和生理差异分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.15.006

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (15): 3315-3327.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.15.006

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

不同甘蔗品种/系脱叶性综合评价及叶鞘离区细胞形态和生理差异分析

丁倩¹(), 何丽莲¹(), 钱禛锋¹, 吴期滨², 赵昌祖¹, 林佩霞², 农韦优¹, 王誉洁¹, 张媛媛², 阙友雄²(), 李富生¹()

¹ 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院/云南省作物生产与智慧农业重点实验室，昆明 650201
² 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所，海口 571101

收稿日期:2025-12-31 接受日期:2026-05-29 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-08-03
通信作者:
阙友雄，E-mail： queyouxiong@126.com。
李富生，E-mail：lfs810@sina.com
联系方式: 丁倩，E-mail：15752764954@163.com。何丽莲，E-mail：helilan905@sohu.com。丁倩和何丽莲为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室开放课题(SKLTCBKF202504)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Defoliation Ability of Different Sugarcane Varieties/Lines and Analysis of Cell Morphology and Physiological Differences in Leaf Sheath Abscission Zone

DING Qian¹(), HE LiLian¹(), QIAN ZhenFeng¹, WU QiBin², ZHAO ChangZu¹, LIN PeiXia², NONG WeiYou¹, WANG YuJie¹, ZHANG YuanYuan², QUE YouXiong²(), LI FuSheng¹()

¹ College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University/The Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201
² National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biological Breeding/Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101

Received:2025-12-31 Accepted:2026-05-29 Published:2026-08-01 Online:2026-08-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】评价56个甘蔗品种/系的脱叶性，挖掘易脱叶甘蔗种质资源，解析甘蔗脱叶性的细胞形态和生理变化，为探究甘蔗脱叶调控机制提供理论依据。【方法】系统调查56个甘蔗品种/系的自然落叶数、总节数、自然落叶率、叶鞘倾角（+8、+9、+10叶位）和脱叶力，结合熵权法和系统聚类分析对其脱叶性进行综合评价，并对易脱叶甘蔗品种新台糖20号和难脱叶甘蔗品种滇蔗11-818的+2、+5、+8叶位的叶鞘基部进行石蜡切片、相关酶活、内源激素含量分析，解析甘蔗脱叶性的细胞形态和生理基础。【结果】熵权法分析表明56份甘蔗品种/系的脱叶性综合得分范围为0.001—0.978。系统聚类分析将56个甘蔗品种/系划分为3个类群，包括易脱叶品种3个（新台糖20号、新台糖22号、滇蔗01-106）、难脱叶品系7个、中等脱叶品种/系46个，分别占品种/系总数的5.36%、12.50%和82.14%。相比较于难脱叶品系滇蔗11-818，易脱叶品种新台糖20号的自然脱叶率较高、叶鞘倾角较大、脱叶力较小；易脱叶品种新台糖20号的+8叶位的叶鞘离区细胞排列更松散，细胞密度相对较低，细胞裂解范围较大，其通气组织面积百分比则显著高于难脱叶品系（增加了14.54%），且不同叶位之间差异显著（+8叶位比+5叶位增加了16.97％）。另外，易脱叶品种新台糖20号的+8叶位叶鞘的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性、纤维素酶活性、脱落酸ABA含量均显著高于滇蔗11-818的；生长素IAA含量则在难脱叶品系滇蔗11-818中较高。【结论】甘蔗成熟期+8叶鞘的离区细胞的裂解程度及脱叶性可能与多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性、纤维素酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、乙烯合成前体、脱落酸含量、生长素含量等相关，可为甘蔗品种脱叶性鉴定提供参考。

关键词: 甘蔗, 脱叶性, 综合评价, 离区, 细胞形态

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to evaluate the defoliation ability of 56 sugarcane varieties/lines, to identity the germplasm with easy defoliation, and to elucidate the cellular morphological and physiological basis of sugarcane defoliation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the regulatory mechanism of sugarcane defoliation.【Method】The natural defoliation number, total number of nodes, natural defoliation rate, leaf sheath inclination angle (+8, +9, +10 leaf position) and defoliation force of 56 sugarcane varieties/lines were systematically investigated, and defoliation ability was comprehensively evaluated by entropy weight method and hierarchical cluster analysis. The base of the leaf sheath abscission zone at +2, +5 and +8 leaf positions of the easy-to-defoliate sugarcane variety XTT20 and the hard-to-defoliate sugarcane variety YAU11-818 were analyzed by combining paraffin sections,enzyme activities and endogenous hormone content the cell morphology and physiological basis of sugarcane defoliation.【Result】Entropy weight analysis showed that the comprehensive score of defoliation of 56 sugarcane varieties/lines ranged from 0.001 to 0.978. Systematic cluster analysis divided the 56 sugarcane varieties/lines into 3 groups, including 3 easily-defoliation varieties (XTT20, XTT22, YAU01-106), 7 difficult-to-defoliation lines, and 46 medium defoliation varieties/lines, accounting for 5.36%, 12.50% and 82.14% of the total number of varieties/lines, respectively. Compared with the difficult-to-defoliation line YAU11-818, the easily-defoliation variety XTT20 had a higher natural defoliation rate, larger leaf sheath inclination angle and smaller defoliation force; The cells in the leaf sheath abscission zone of the +8 leaf position of the defoliant varieties were more loosely arranged, the cell density was relatively low, and the cell degradation was larger, the percentage of aerated tissue area was significantly higher than that of the difficult-to-defoliation line (14.54% increase), and the difference between different leaf positions was significant (+8 leaf position increased by 16.97% compared to +5 leaf position). In addition, the polygalacturonase activity, cellulase activity and abscisic acid (ABA) content in +8 leaf sheath of XTT20 were significantly higher than those of YAU11-818. On the contrary, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was higher in the difficult-to-defoliation line YAU11-818.【Conclusion】The degree of abscission zone and defoliation ability of +8 leaf sheaths at the maturity stage of sugarcane may be related to the activity of polygalacturonase, cellulase activity, peroxidase activity, ethylene synthesis precursors, abscisic acid, auxin content, etc., which can provide a reference for the identification of defoliation of sugarcane varieties.

Key words: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), defoliation, comprehensive evaluation, abscission zone, cell morphology

丁倩, 何丽莲, 钱禛锋, 吴期滨, 赵昌祖, 林佩霞, 农韦优, 王誉洁, 张媛媛, 阙友雄, 李富生. 不同甘蔗品种/系脱叶性综合评价及叶鞘离区细胞形态和生理差异分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(15): 3315-3327.

DING Qian, HE LiLian, QIAN ZhenFeng, WU QiBin, ZHAO ChangZu, LIN PeiXia, NONG WeiYou, WANG YuJie, ZHANG YuanYuan, QUE YouXiong, LI FuSheng. Comprehensive Evaluation of Defoliation Ability of Different Sugarcane Varieties/Lines and Analysis of Cell Morphology and Physiological Differences in Leaf Sheath Abscission Zone[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(15): 3315-3327.

图/表 7

表1

56份甘蔗品种/系的脱叶性相关性状"

品种/系 Vareity/line	叶鞘倾角Sheath inclination (°)			脱叶力Defoliation force (N)			自然落叶数 Naturally defoliated leave	总节数 Total node	自然脱叶率Natural defoliation rate (%)
品种/系 Vareity/line	+8	+9	+10	+8	+9	+10	自然落叶数 Naturally defoliated leave	总节数 Total node	自然脱叶率Natural defoliation rate (%)
YAU01-106	7.8	12.3	15.2	21.7	7.1	3.8	0.67	16.33	4.44
XTT22	14.4	24.2	27.0	35.7	16.6	3.9	0.67	17.33	3.92
XTT20	15.5	22.4	26.7	13.1	5.2	3.7	0.67	15.67	4.31
YAU11-810	0	0	0	155.3	134.0	128.7	0	17.67	0
YAU11-818	0	0	0	145.8	169.7	136.1	0	14.67	0
CP65-557	13.8	9.7	12.0	17.6	19.9	12.7	0	17.33	0
YAU19-6	7.2	12.8	18.1	54.3	31.4	15.8	0	16.00	0
YAU16-16	11.5	11.9	14.3	12.0	9.9	2.5	0	13.67	0
YAU01-58	0.7	1.1	2.4	96.5	63.1	54.0	0	17.00	0
YAU01-104	0	0.2	0.2	76.4	71.9	25.2	0	15.00	0
YAU09-38	5.2	6.5	7.0	27.7	9.3	7.0	0	14.67	0
YAU17-2	0.8	1.9	3.3	69.5	47.2	40.5	0	17.67	0
YAU18-1	2.5	3.6	5.3	57.9	45.1	25.4	0.33	16.33	1.75
YAU19-3	3.1	5.1	7.7	53.2	20.8	11.4	0.33	16.00	2.38
YAU19-7	1.6	2.9	4.4	152.7	119.5	33.2	0	17.33	0
YAU19-9	6.4	6.9	8.8	33.8	18.2	10.2	0.33	14.33	2.38
YAU19-17	4.8	4.3	4.4	116.1	81.4	45.2	0	13.00	0
YAU19-19	0	0	0.2	77.0	67.1	55.9	0	16.00	0
YAU19-30	0	0	0.1	108.4	80.5	74.6	0	18.00	0
YAU19-1	4.9	9.4	16.1	78.5	42.1	33.3	0	15.33	0
YAU19-11	0.1	1.7	3.1	137.7	106.2	86.9	0	14.33	0
YAU19-14	1.3	14.8	21.2	74.6	48.3	27.0	0	16.00	0
YAU19-16	0.7	1.5	6.2	94.4	47.1	19.5	0	15.00	0
YAU02-277	1.5	2.6	4.7	45.4	26.6	11.5	0	15.67	0
YAU19-18	6.2	7.0	7.9	62.3	28.0	33.2	0	14.33	0
YAU19-2	3.6	6.3	12.3	52.3	52.5	44.3	0	16.33	0
YAU19-20	2.4	2.1	2.7	73.6	39.1	16.7	0	15.00	0
YAU19-25	0.6	1.3	2.3	91.3	47.9	20.9	0	14.67	0
YAU19-26	0	0	0.7	66.7	35.9	26.2	0	16.00	0
YAU19-8	0	0.1	6.6	68.3	54.7	44.1	0	15.33	0
YAU19-38	0.1	0.1	2.2	64.3	50.3	10.5	0	17.33	0
YAU16-10	0.5	2.7	4.2	58.1	48.7	9.5	0	14.67	0
YAU10-1	0.5	0.1	1.5	89.0	62.6	20.2	0	14.67	0
YAU01-52	0	0	0.2	53.9	49.7	18.4	0	15.33	0
YAU01-47	0	0	1.1	64.6	28.8	18.7	0	15.33	0
YAU01-64	0	0.1	0.8	91.3	58.0	22.7	0	15.33	0
YAU16-17	0	0.1	0.8	112.3	94.0	49.3	0	19.33	0
YAU16-19	0	0.2	6.6	107.9	104.2	87.1	0	16.33	0
YAU04-14	0	0.1	0.4	31.4	29.3	19.7	0	15.00	0
YAU04-429	0.1	1.4	1.5	107.8	79.8	66.5	0	16.00	0
YAU02-38	0	0.3	1.6	74.2	74.2	63.3	0	16.67	0
XTT10	0.1	0.3	0.4	84.2	107.7	65.4	0	16.33	0
XTT16	2.5	2.9	3.5	73.1	60.0	9.7	0.33	16.33	1.96
YC89-9	0	1.5	1.9	36.4	48.1	28.0	0	14.33	0
GT 11	0.9	0.9	3.5	122.4	76.8	60.9	0	19.00	0
YT93-159	2.5	6.7	10.6	87.8	45.3	14.8	0	14.67	0
YT86-368	2.4	1.3	1.3	41.7	66.8	28.9	0.33	16.33	2.08
YAU11-726	0	0.2	3.0	28.1	45.3	25.1	0	16.67	0
YAU11-736	1.4	1.9	0.8	58.7	49.4	51.8	0.33	18.33	1.85
YAU11-832	0	1.6	4.0	97.8	39.3	31.5	0.33	16.67	2.08
YAU11-728	0	0	0	95.0	34.5	27.4	0	16.00	0
YAU11-732	0	0	0	154.7	114.0	89.6	0	17.33	0
YAU11-718	0	0	0	103.1	131.6	39.4	0	17.00	0
YAU97-191	0	0	0	52.1	28.2	64.3	0	20.33	0
LH78-121	1.7	2.7	6.9	83.5	35.7	11.4	0	16.00	0
YAU19-216	2.4	2.1	2.7	73.6	39.1	16.7	0	15.00	0
均值 Mean	2.4	3.6	5.4	75.3	56.2	35.8	0.08	16.04	0.48

表1

表2

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

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不同甘蔗品种/系脱叶性综合评价及叶鞘离区细胞形态和生理差异分析

Comprehensive Evaluation of Defoliation Ability of Different Sugarcane Varieties/Lines and Analysis of Cell Morphology and Physiological Differences in Leaf Sheath Abscission Zone

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排名Ranking	品种Variety	综合得分Comprehensive score	排名Ranking	品种Variety	综合得分Comprehensive score
1	XTT20	0.978	29	YAU19-8	0.050
2	XTT22	0.951	30	YC89-9	0.047
3	YAU01-106	0.809	31	YAU19-25	0.046
4	YAU19-9	0.463	32	YAU11-726	0.045
5	YAU19-3	0.412	33	GT 11	0.042
6	XTT16	0.346	34	YAU01-58	0.042
7	YAU18-1	0.345	35	YAU16-19	0.039
8	YT86-368	0.338	36	YAU19-38	0.038
9	YAU11-832	0.319	37	YAU04-14	0.036
10	YAU11-736	0.312	38	YAU10-1	0.035
11	CP65-557	0.277	39	YAU01-47	0.033
12	YAU16-16	0.276	40	YAU19-11	0.031
13	YAU19-6	0.243	41	YAU04-429	0.031
14	YAU19-14	0.200	42	YAU19-26	0.030
15	YAU19-1	0.187	43	YAU01-52	0.030
16	YAU19-18	0.160	44	YAU02-38	0.029
17	YAU09-38	0.152	45	YAU97-191	0.028
18	YAU19-2	0.145	46	YAU01-64	0.027
19	YT93-159	0.127	47	YAU01-104	0.026
20	YAU19-17	0.106	48	YAU11-728	0.024
21	LH78-121	0.084	49	YAU19-19	0.023
22	YAU02-277	0.080	50	XTT10	0.023
23	YAU19-20	0.074	51	YAU16-17	0.020
24	YAU19-216	0.074	52	YAU19-30	0.016
25	YAU16-10	0.065	53	YAU11-718	0.016
26	YAU19-16	0.062	54	YAU11-732	0.007
27	YAU19-7	0.059	55	YAU11-810	0.003
28	YAU17-2	0.057	56	YAU11-818	0.001

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