蝴蝶兰花器官腺毛的分布规律及与挥发性成分的关联分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2214-2228.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.011

蝴蝶兰花器官腺毛的分布规律及与挥发性成分的关联分析

林诗韵¹^,²(), 马迪¹^,³(), 叶广英¹, 陈和明¹, 肖文芳¹(), 吕复兵¹()

¹ 广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所/广东省园林花卉种质创新综合利用重点实验室，广州 510640
² 仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院，广州 510225
³ 贵州生态能源职业学院，贵阳 553199

收稿日期:2025-12-29 接受日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-05-16 发布日期:2026-05-20
通信作者:
肖文芳，E-mail：xiaowenfang@gdaas.cn。
吕复兵，E-mail：13660373325@163.com。
联系方式: 林诗韵，E-mail：ROSIES1998@163.com。马迪，E-mail：madi00963@163.com。林诗韵和马迪为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
广东省科技计划(2025B0202070002); 广东省科技成果入县达镇促进城乡区域协调发展专项(2025B0202010019); 广东省现代农业产业技术体系花卉创新团队建设项目(2025CXTD12)

Distribution of Glandular Trichome and Correlation with Volatile Compounds in Phalaenopsis Floral Organs

LIN ShiYun¹^,²(), MA Di¹^,³(), YE GuangYing¹, CHEN HeMing¹, XIAO WenFang¹(), LÜ FuBing¹()

¹ Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640
² Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225
³ Guizhou Technological College of Ecology and Energy, Guiyang 553199

Received:2025-12-29 Accepted:2026-01-29 Published:2026-05-16 Online:2026-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】蝴蝶兰是全球商品化程度最高的兰科观赏植物，花香是其核心观赏性状之一，腺毛则是花香物质合成与释放的关键生理结构。目前对蝴蝶兰花香合成机制已有初步探索，但腺毛分布规律及其与挥发性成分的关联仍不明确。【目的】明确蝴蝶兰花香释放的生理结构基础，解析腺毛分布与挥发性成分的关联性，为蝴蝶兰花香的释放机制及香花育种提供理论支撑。【方法】以浓香型‘香玉’蝴蝶兰、中香型‘萨拉金’蝴蝶兰、淡香型‘红漪’蝴蝶兰和无香型‘红梅’蝴蝶兰为试验材料，采用中性红染色、扫描电镜观察、组织化学染色和顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术，系统分析腺毛形态、分布、细胞后含物积累特征及挥发性成分差异，通过相关性分析明确腺毛密度与挥发物含量、香气强度值（OAV）的关联。【结果】蝴蝶兰腺毛主要分布于萼片和花瓣近轴面，以头状腺毛为主，远轴面分布极少；香气强度越高，腺毛分布密度越大，呈浓香型>中香型>淡香型>无香型。香花型品种花器官细胞同时积累淀粉与脂质，无香型‘红梅’仅积累淀粉，脂质积累量与香气强度密切相关。萼片为主要释香部位，代表性挥发性成分为芳樟醇、桉叶油醇、月桂烯和α-蒎烯；中萼片和侧萼片近轴面腺毛密度与挥发性成分总含量、总香气强度值呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。【结论】蝴蝶兰花器官腺毛主要存在萼片近轴面，以头状腺毛为主，其分布密度与代表性挥发性成分含量、香气强度值呈正相关关系，且花器官细胞脂质积累是香花型蝴蝶兰的重要物质特征。研究明确了蝴蝶兰释香的结构与物质基础，可为解析花香释放机制及香花品种选育提供依据。

关键词: 蝴蝶兰, 花器官, 腺毛, 细胞后含物, 香气强度值

Abstract:

【Background】Phalaenopsis is the most commercialized ornamental orchid plant globally, with floral fragrance being one of its core ornamental traits. Glandular trichomes are key physiological structures for the synthesis and release of fragrant compounds. At present, the mechanism of floral fragrance synthesis in Phalaenopsis has been preliminarily explored, but the distribution of glandular trichomes and its association with volatile components are still unclear.【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the physiological structural basis of fragrance release in Phalaenopsis, analyze the correlation between glandular trichome distribution and volatile components, and to provide theoretical support for understanding fragrance release mechanisms and fragrant varieties breeding.【Method】The strongly fragrant ‘Frigdaas Huang Chan’, moderately fragrant ‘Brother Sara Gold’, lightly fragrant ‘Frigdaas Hongyi’, and non-fragrant ‘Frigdaas Peach’ were used as experimental materials. Neutral red staining, scanning electron microscopy, histochemical staining and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to systematically analyze the glandular trichome morphology, distribution, cellular reserve accumulation characteristics, and differences in volatile components. Correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the relationships between glandular trichome density and volatile content, as well as odor activity values (OAVs).【Result】Glandular trichomes in Phalaenopsis were primarily distributed on the adaxial side of sepals and petals, predominantly as capitate trichomes, with minimal distribution on the abaxial side. Higher fragrance intensity was associated with greater glandular trichome density, following the order: strongly fragrant>moderately fragrant>lightly fragrant>non-fragrant. Floral organs of fragrant varieties accumulated both starch and lipids, while the non-fragrant ‘Frigdaas Peach’ accumulated only starch. The extent of lipid accumulation was closely related to fragrance intensity. Sepals were identified as the main sites of fragrance release, with representative volatile compounds including linalool, eucalyptol, myrcene, and α-pinene. The density of glandular trichomes on the adaxial side of the dorsal and lateral sepals showed a highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with both total volatile compound contents and total OAVs.【Conclusion】Glandular trichomes in Phalaenopsis floral organs are predominantly located on the adaxial side of sepals and are mainly capitate in type. The distribution density is positively correlated with the content of representative volatile compounds and OAVs. Additionally, lipid accumulation in floral organ cells is a significant material characteristic of fragrant Phalaenopsis varieties. This study clarifies the structural and material basis of fragrance release in Phalaenopsis, which can provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms of floral fragrance release and the selection and breeding of fragrant varieties.

Key words: Phalaenopsis, floral organ, glandular trichome, cellular reserve, odor activity value (OAV)

林诗韵, 马迪, 叶广英, 陈和明, 肖文芳, 吕复兵. 蝴蝶兰花器官腺毛的分布规律及与挥发性成分的关联分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(10): 2214-2228.

LIN ShiYun, MA Di, YE GuangYing, CHEN HeMing, XIAO WenFang, LÜ FuBing. Distribution of Glandular Trichome and Correlation with Volatile Compounds in Phalaenopsis Floral Organs[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(10): 2214-2228.

图/表 12

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图2

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图6

图7

表1

表2

4个蝴蝶兰品种各花器官14种主要挥发性成分"

化合物 Compound	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan					萨拉金Brother Sara Gold
化合物 Compound	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co
α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene	2.62±0.64a	3.10±0.29a	2.80±0.39a	0.75±0.14b	0.38±0.11b	1.14±0.42a	0.82±0.41ab	1.05±0.44a	0.17±0.07c	0.25±0.15bc
(+)-α-蒎烯(+)-α-Pinene	5.36±1.72a	6.17±0.57a	0.55±0.09b	0.11±0.02b	0.08±0.01b	2.65±0.27a	2.08±0.41a	2.46±0.38a	0.54±0.20c	1.28±0.55b
β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene	2.97±0.84a	3.73±0.29a	3.32±0.72a	0.97±0.24b	0.51±0.12b	1.47±0.70a	1.12±0.72ab	1.40±0.72a	0.31±0.02b	0.30±0.18b
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	1.42±0.43a	1.65±0.11a	1.54±0.28a	0.31±0.08b	0.26±0.06b	1.35±0.25a	1.02±0.25a	1.24±0.26a	0.20±0.06b	0.55±0.31b
月桂烯Myrcene	7.11±1.67a	8.25±1.28a	0.71±0.07b	0.23±0.05b	0.08±0.01b	1.01±0.12a	0.79±0.18a	0.87±0.18a	0.18±0.02b	0.09±0.01b
(+)-4-蒈烯(+)-4-Carene	2.23±0.53a	2.57±0.32a	2.38±0.25a	0.51±0.13b	0.23±0.07b	1.03±0.25a	0.76±0.27a	0.87±0.29a	0.13±0.02b	0.10±0.01b
间异丙基甲苯β-Cymene	1.78±0.47a	1.89±0.30a	1.77±0.20a	0.55±0.10b	0.32±0.10b	0.81±0.25a	0.67±0.23a	0.76±0.25a	0.23±0.01b	0.23±0.11b
桉叶油醇Eucalyptol	28.44±4.68a	31.04±3.33a	2.85±0.42b	0.61±0.20b	0.03±0.01b	13.37±3.44a	13.48±0.65a	8.05±2.28b	2.58±0.14c	0.53±0.10c
δ-3-蒈烯δ-3-Carene	0.11±0.05a	0.07±0.01ab	0.11±0.06a	0.04±0.02bc	—	0.13±0.02a	0.11±0.01ab	0.09±0.01b	—	—
γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	2.94±0.52a	3.26±0.31a	3.00±0.09a	0.84±0.16b	0.41±0.10b	1.44±0.32a	1.12±0.34a	1.26±0.36a	0.18±0.08b	0.36±0.24b
芳樟醇Linalool	13.39±3.62b	18.95±5.14a	1.39±0.64c	0.05±0.03c	0.74±0.03c	2.83±0.28a	2.36±0.67a	2.35±0.54a	1.40±0.27b	0.22±0.10c
L-α-松油醇 L-α-Terpineol	—	—	—	—	—	0.40±0.33a	0.47±0.31a	0.57±0.72a	—	0.06±0.04a
阿司匹林甲酯 Aspirin methyl ester	0.43±0.38a	0.59±0.56a	0.16±0.11a	0.29±0.03a	0.26±0.17a	1.49±0.42a	0.99±0.76ab	1.28±0.28a	0.43±0.27bc	0.17±0.04c
(E,E)-α-法尼烯(E,E)-α-Farnesene	0.44±0.20a	0.31±0.08ab	0.35±0.14ab	0.24±0.05ab	0.08±0.01b	—	0.85±1.07a	0.07±0.02a	—	—
化合物 Compound	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi					红梅Frigdaas Peach
化合物 Compound	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co	中萼片DS	侧萼片LS	花瓣Pe	唇瓣Li	合蕊柱Co
α-水芹烯α-Phellandrene	1.00±0.30a	1.04±0.16a	0.80±0.65ab	0.24±0.1bc	0.13±0.01c	—	—	—	—	—
(+)-α-蒎烯(+)-α-Pinene	0.20±0.06a	0.19±0.03a	0.21±0.03a	—	0.06±0.01b	0.16±0.13a	0.17±0.18a	0.15±0.10a	0.13±0.04a	—
β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene	1.37±0.41a	1.37±0.22a	1.55±0.16a	0.32±0.13b	0.17±0.01b	—	—	—	—	—
β-蒎烯β-Pinene	0.48±0.15a	0.48±0.08a	0.51±0.10a	0.26±0.21ab	0.12±0.02b	—	—	—	—	—
月桂烯Myrcene	0.37±0.11a	0.34±0.07a	0.32±0.16a	0.12±0.01b	—	—	—	—	—	—
(+)-4-蒈烯(+)-4-Carene	0.72±0.28a	0.72±0.15a	0.78±0.27a	0.17±0.02b	0.11±0.01b	—	—	—	—	—
间异丙基甲苯β-Cymene	0.62±0.12a	0.64±0.04a	0.46±0.37ab	0.20±0.07bc	0.12±0.01c	—	—	—	—	—
桉叶油醇Eucalyptol	1.16±0.49a	1.07±0.27a	0.99±0.75ab	0.23±0.01b	0.25±0.03b	—	—	—	—	—
δ-3-蒈烯δ-3-Carene	0.13±0.03a	0.12±0.01a	—	—	—	4.86±1.29a	4.93±1.91a	5.02±0.79a	4.69±0.41a	1.30±0.30b
γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	1.09±0.37a	1.15±0.22a	0.93±0.73ab	0.29±0.11bc	0.17±0.03c	—	—	—	—	—
芳樟醇Linalool	0.93±0.8ab	1.13±0.61a	0.32±0.12ab	0.57±0.22ab	0.13±0.02b	—	—	—	—	—
L-α-松油醇 L-α-Terpineol	0.11±0.09a	0.18±0.02a	0.18±0.07a	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
阿司匹林甲酯 Aspirin methyl ester	0.89±0.32a	0.71±0.07a	0.70±0.31a	0.12±0.01b	0.07±0.01b	0.06±0.01b	0.09±0.01b	0.42±0.21a	—	0.05±0.01b
(E,E)-α-法尼烯(E,E)-α-Farnesene	0.72±0.31a	0.68±0.13a	0.90±0.49a	0.41±0.17ab	—	0.15±0.07a	0.19±0.12a	0.19±0.03a	0.16±0.01a	—

表2

图8

图9

表3

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花器官 Floral organ	材料 Material	苏丹IV（脂质）Sudan IV (for lipids)		Lugol’s碘液（淀粉）Lugol’s iodine (for starch)
花器官 Floral organ	材料 Material	反应Reaction	反应位点Reaction site	反应Reaction	反应位点Reaction site
花瓣 Petal	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan	+	角质层、表皮、皮下细胞StC, Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	萨拉金Brother Sara Gold	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红梅Frigdaas Peach	-	—	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
中萼片 Dorsal sepal	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan	+	角质层、表皮、皮下细胞StC, Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	萨拉金Brother Sara Gold	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红梅Frigdaas Peach	-	—	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
侧萼片 Lateral sepal	香玉Frigdaas Huang Chan	+	角质层、表皮、皮下细胞StC, Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	萨拉金Brother Sara Gold	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红漪Frigdaas Hongyi	+	表皮、皮下细胞Ep, CST	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC
	红梅Frigdaas Peach	-	—	+	皮下细胞、薄壁细胞CST, ScC

部位 Organ	指标对 Indicator pair	相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)	显著性 Significance (P)	相关性判定 Correlation judgment
中萼片 Dorsal sepal	近轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.987	0.003	**
	近轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.992	0.001	**
	远轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.625	0.375	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.581	0.419	ns
侧萼片 Lateral sepal	近轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.976	0.006	**
	近轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.985	0.002	**
	远轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.702	0.298	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.658	0.342	ns
花瓣 Petal	近轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.786	0.214	ns
	近轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Adaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.823	0.177	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs挥发物总含量 Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total volatile content	0.915	0.085	ns
	远轴腺毛密度vs总OAV Abaxial glandular trichome density vs total OAVs	0.887	0.113	ns

蝴蝶兰花器官腺毛的分布规律及与挥发性成分的关联分析

Distribution of Glandular Trichome and Correlation with Volatile Compounds in Phalaenopsis Floral Organs

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