观赏海棠花朵中的挥发性物质组成及关键香气成分分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】花香是观赏植物的重要性状，解析不同观赏海棠花香差异的物质基础，为观赏海棠香气育种及芳香产品开发提供依据。【方法】以6种园林中常见的观赏海棠盛花期花朵为材料，即湖北海棠（Malus hupehensis）、西府海棠（Malus micromalus）、‘草莓果冻’（Malus Strawberry Parfait）、‘凯尔斯’（Malus Kelsey）、‘绚丽’（Malus Radiant）和‘王族’（Malus Royalty），采用顶空-固相微萃取（headspace-solid-phase microextraction，HS-SPME）结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry，GC×GC-TOF MS）技术，分析其挥发性成分的组成与含量；结合香气活度值（odor activity value，OAV）和相对香气活度值（relative odor activity value，ROAV），利用正交偏最小二乘判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA）确定不同观赏海棠的关键香气成分；进一步通过层次聚类分析（hierarchical clustering analysis，HCA）不同观赏海棠香气特征的相似性与差异性。【结果】共鉴定出154种挥发性化合物，包括36种萜类及其衍生物、50种苯环/苯丙素类化合物、65种脂肪酸衍生物和3种氨基酸衍生物。各供试观赏海棠间的香气组成及含量具有显著差异，单种观赏海棠检出53—95种，总含量范围为7.95—38.31 μg·g^-1，其中，‘绚丽’所含挥发性物质种类最多，‘草莓果冻’所含挥发性物质总含量最高，西府海棠所含挥发性物质种类和含量均最低。OPLS-DA模型拟合效果良好（R²X=0.972、R²Y=0.991、Q²=0.974），可有效区分不同观赏海棠的挥发性成分，且27种挥发性成分在区分其香气特征中具有重要贡献，主要包括芳樟醇、吲哚、肉桂醇、2,4-己二烯醛等。芳樟醇是‘草莓果冻’、湖北海棠、‘凯尔斯’和‘王族’海棠的关键香气成分，吲哚是‘绚丽’和西府海棠的关键香气物质，且西府海棠中的苯乙醛也发挥了重要的香气贡献作用，这些物质形成了各个观赏海棠的独特香气特征。【结论】鉴定出154种挥发性化合物，检测效果显著高于前人使用的常规HS-SPME-GC-MS技术，阐明了不同观赏海棠间香气组成和含量的显著差异、特征香气成分和花香差异的物质基础，明确了芳樟醇、吲哚、肉桂醇等关键香气成分，证实了不同观赏海棠的独特花香并非由单一物质主导决定的，而是由关键香气化合物的协同调控所形成的。

关键词: 海棠, 花香, 顶空-固相微萃取-全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱技术, 芳樟醇, 吲哚

Abstract:

【Objective】Floral fragrance is an important trait of ornamental plants. Identifying the chemical basis underlying floral scents among different ornamental crabapples can provide foundations for the fragrance breeding of ornamental crabapple and the development of aromatic products.【Method】The flowers at the full-bloom stage of six ornamental crabapples in landscape applications, namely Malus hupehensis, Malus micromalus, Malus Strawberry Parfait, Malus Kelsey, Malus Radiant and Malus Royalty, were used as plant materials. The composition and content of their volatile compounds were analyzed using headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF MS). The key aroma compounds of each ornamental crabapple were identified through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) coupled with odor activity value (OAV) and relative odor activity value (ROAV), and the similarities and differences in the aroma characteristics among different ornamental crabapples were further analyzed through hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA).【Result】A total of 154 volatile compounds were identified, comprising 36 terpenes and derivatives, 50 benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, 65 fatty acid derivatives, and 3 amino acid derivatives. The aroma composition and content among different tested ornamental crabapples exhibit significant differences. For each single ornamental crabapple, 53-95 kinds of compounds were detected, and the total content ranging from 7.95 to 38.31 μg·g^-1. Among the materials, M. Radiant contains the most types of volatile compounds, M. Strawberry Parfait contains the highest total content, and M. micromalus contains the fewest categories and the lowest content. The OPLS - DA model had a good fitting effect (R²X=0.972, R²Y=0.991, Q²=0.974), which could effectively distinguish the volatile compounds of different ornamental crabapples, with 27 volatile compounds making important contributions to distinguishing their aroma characteristics, mainly including linalool, indole, cinnamyl alcohol, hexa-2,4-dienal, etc. Linalool acts as the key aroma compound in M. Strawberry Parfait, M. hupehensis, M. Kelsey, and M. Royalty, while indole serves as the principal aroma material in M. Radiant and M. micromalus, with benzeneacetaldehyde also contributing significantly to the aroma of M. micromalus. These compounds form the unique aroma characteristics of each ornamental crabapple.【Conclusion】A total of 154 volatile compounds were identified in this study, and the detection performance was significantly superior to that of conventional HS-SPME-GC-MS used in previous studies. The significant differences of aroma composition and content, characteristic aroma compounds and the chemical basis underlying floral scents differences among different ornamental crabapples were clarified. Linalool, indole and cinnamyl alcohol were identified as key aroma components, and it was verified that the distinctive floral fragrance of different ornamental crabapples is not governed by a single compound, but arises from the synergistic modulation of key aroma components.

Key words: Malus spp., floral aroma, HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF MS, linalool, indole

雷萌, 李佳浍, 刘伟超, 张腾旬. 观赏海棠花朵中的挥发性物质组成及关键香气成分分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(10): 2229-2248.

LEI Meng, LI JiaHui, LIU WeiChao, ZHANG TengXun. Identification of Volatile Compounds and Key Aroma Components in Ornamental Crabapple Flowers[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(10): 2229-2248.

图/表 6

图1

表1

6种观赏海棠花朵挥发性成分及含量分析"

CAS号 CAS number	化合物 Compound	化学式Formula	NIST保留指数 NIST RI	保留指数 RI	相对含量Relative content (μg·g^-1)						VIP值 VIP value	P值 P value
CAS号 CAS number	化合物 Compound	化学式Formula	NIST保留指数 NIST RI	保留指数 RI	湖北海棠 M. hupehensis	西府海棠 M. micromalus	‘草莓果冻’ M. Strawberry Parfait	‘凯尔斯’ M. Kelsey	‘绚丽’ M. Radiant	‘王族’ M. Royalty	VIP值 VIP value	P值 P value
萜类及其衍生物类Terpenes and derivatives
127-91-3	β-蒎烯 β-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	1112-P	1158	0.038±0.013	—	0.012±0.002	0.515±0.052	0.008±0.003	—	1.157	0.001
3387-41-5	桧烯 Sabinene	C₁₀H₁₆	1124-P	1165	—	—	—	—	—	0.035±0.026	0.432	0.007
99-83-2	α-水芹烯α-phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	1167-P	1165	—	—	—	0.032±0.002	—	—	0.295	0.001
99-86-5	α-松油烯α-terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	1180-P	1179	—	—	—	0.038±0.003	—	—	0.320	0.001
5989-27-5	D-柠檬烯 D-limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	—	1199	0.135±0.022	—	0.104±0.011	0.403±0.025	0.107±0.022	0.058±0.007	0.947	0.001
555-10-2	β-水芹烯 β-phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	1211-P	1209	—	—	—	0.067±0.018	—	—	0.424	0.001
470-82-6	桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1213-P	1216	0.035±0.002	0.005±0.004	0.030±0.001	—	0.026±0.001	0.011±0.003	0.315	0.001
3779-61-1	(E)-β-罗勒烯 Trans-β-ocimene	C₁₀H₁₆	1250-P	1248	0.023±0.004	—	0.010±0.002	0.346±0.047	0.008±0.002	0.031±0.001	0.946	0.001
99-87-6	p-伞花烃p-cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	1272-P	1270	0.017±0.000	—	0.010±0.003	0.046±0.004	0.01±0.001	0.01±0	0.317	0.001
586-62-9	萜品油烯 α-terpinolene	C₁₀H₁₆	1283-P	1286	—	—	—	0.041±0.003	—	0.005±0	0.335	0.001
460-01-5	2,6-二甲基-1,3,5,7- 辛四烯Cosmene	C₁₀H₁₄	1460-P	1433	0.002±0.002	—	—	—	—	—	0.073	0.028
5989-33-3	顺-Α,Α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化呋喃-2-甲醇 Cis-linalool oxide	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	1445-P	1474	0.035±0.005	—	0.004±0.001	0.052±0.008	—	0.009±0.001	0.358	0.001
507-70-0	2-茨醇 DL-borneol	C₁₀H₁₈O	—	1496	0.208±0.021	—	0.108±0.009	0.255±0.017	0.129±0.014	0.225±0.023	0.932	0.001
78-70-6	芳樟醇Linalool	C₁₀H₁₈O	1547-P	1542	0.872±0.056	—	0.347±0.036	4.493±0.256	—	0.871±0.075	3.294	0.001
469-61-4	α-柏木烯 α-cedrene	C₁₅H₂₄	1577-P	1586	0.009±0.001	—	0.013±0.003	0.015±0.001	0.011±0.001	0.009±0	0.184	0.001
29957-43-5	二氢芳樟醇 Hotrienol	C₁₀H₁₆O	1613-P	1605	0.098±0.025	—	—	0.073±0.009	—	0.022±0.003	0.523	0.001
87-44-5	β-石竹烯β-caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	1595-P	1610	—	—	—	—	0.01±0.009	0.01±0	0.224	0.006
432-25-7	β-环柠檬醛β-cyclocitral	C₁₀H₁₆O	1611-P	1630	0.056±0.002	—	0.026±0.003	0.046±0.009	0.019±0.001	0.025±0.02	0.362	0.001
28973- 97-9	(E)-β-金合欢烯(E)-β-farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	1662-P	1665	0.003±0.003	—	0.007±0.006	0.013±0.008	0.012±0.006	—	0.215	0.016
473-67-6	马鞭烯醇 d-verbenol	C₁₀H₁₆O	1674-P	1685	—	—	—	—	—	0.003±0	0.121	0.001
98-55-5	α-松油醇α-terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1697-P	1698	—	—	—	0.135±0.044	—	—	0.599	0.001
1125-21-9	茶香酮 Ketoisophorone	C₉H₁₂O₂	1676-P	1699	0.207±0.013	—	0.063±0.001	—	0.245±0.018	0.142±0.122	0.814	0.001
5392-40-5	香橙醛 Citral	C₁₀H₁₆O	1718-P	1734	—	—	—	0.011±0.004	—	0.01±0.001	0.240	0.001
39028- 58-5	2-[(2S,5S)-5-乙烯基 -5-甲基四氢呋喃-2-基]丙-2-醇 (E)-linalol pyranoxide	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	1739-P	1741	—	—	—	0.026±0.005	—	—	0.262	0.001
502-61-4	金合欢烯 α-farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	1746-P	1749	0.110±0.021	—	—	—	—	—	0.611	0.001
644-30-4	α-姜黄烯 α-Curcumene	C₁₅H₂₂	1777-P	1778	—	—	—	—	—	0.005±0.001	0.169	0.001
106-25-2	橙花醇 Nerol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1797-P	1798	—	—	—	0.017±0.003	—	—	0.215	0.001
3796-70-1	香叶基丙酮(E)-geranylacetone	C₁₃H₂₂O	1859-P	1828	0.007±0.000	0.062±0.054	0.036±0.004	—	0.01±0.001	—	0.408	0.027
17283- 81-7	二氢-β-紫罗兰酮 Dihydro-β-ionone	C₁₃H₂₂O	1842-P	1840	—	0.001±0.001	0.007±0.000	—	0.003±0.003	—	0.128	0.001
106-24-1	香叶醇 Geraniol	C₁₀H₁₈O	1847-P	1843	0.021±0.004	0.004±0.008	0.021±0.001	0.055±0.004	0.031±0.005	0.014±0.001	0.348	0.001
3879-26-3	橙花基丙酮 Nerylacetone	C₁₃H₂₂O	1838-P	1854	0.257±0.041	—	0.780±0.047	0.495±0.165	0.366±0.013	0.139±0.019	1.288	0.001
14901- 07-6	β-紫罗兰酮 β-ionone	C₁₃H₂₀O	1971-P	1947	0.050±0.005	—	0.061±0.000	0.04±0.003	0.037±0.001	0.059±0.005	0.430	0.001
488-10-8	顺-茉莉酮 Cis-jasmone	C₁₁H₁₆O	1961-P	1954	0.021±0.002	0.026±0.001	0.011±0.000	0.323±0.03	0.071±0.008	—	0.944	0.001
79-77-6	β-紫罗酮4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1- cyclohexenyl)-3- buten-2-one	C₁₃H₂₀O	1940-P	1955	—	0.015±0.013	—	—	—	—	0.178	0.025
40716- 66-3	反式-橙花叔醇 Trans-nerolidol	C₁₅H₂₆O	2042-P	2034	—	—	—	0.08±0.015	—	—	0.465	0.001
5989-54-8	（S）-（-）柠檬烯 L-limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	1199-P	1209	0.073±0.006	0.018±0.007	0.052±0.005	0.073±0.006	0.085±0.006	0.028±0.002	0.462	0.001
苯环/苯丙素类Benzenoids/Phenylpropanoids
108-88-3	甲苯 Toluene	C₇H₈	1042-P	1037	0.236±0.025	0.089±0.083	0.156±0.019	0.268±0.038	0.196±0.014	—	0.908	0.001
106-42-3	1,4-二甲苯 p-xylene	C₈H₁₀	1138-P	1140	0.824±0.058	0.092±0.081	0.698±0.106	0.891±0.134	0.642±0.033	0.342±0.235	1.430	0.001
108-38-3	1,3-二甲苯 m-xylene	C₈H₁₀	1143-P	1187	—	—	—	—	—	0.174±0.102	0.976	0.001
103-65-1	丙苯 Propylbenzene	C₉H₁₂	1212-P	1209	0.011±0.002	—	0.005±0.001	0.009±0.008	0.006±0.001	0.004±0	0.135	0.03
100-42-5	苯乙烯 Styrene	C₈H₈	1261-P	1257	0.162±0.007	0.068±0.018	0.148±0.018	0.213±0.014	0.163±0.038	0.093±0.001	0.577	0.001
622-96-8	对乙基甲苯4-ethyltoluene	C₉H₁₂	1226-P	1264	0.025±0.005	—	0.01±0.001	0.019±0.002	0.021±0.003	0.008±0.001	0.236	0.001
108-67-8	1,3,5-三甲基苯Mesitylene	C₉H₁₂	1251-P	1283	0.194±0.018	—	0.054±0.006	0.104±0.09	0.194±0.024	—	0.760	0.001
104-51-8	丁苯 n-butylbenzene	C₁₀H₁₄	1312-P	1315	0.007±0.002	—	—	0.007±0.006	0.007±0.001	0.012±0.009	0.204	0.045
874-41-9	1,3-二甲基-4-乙苯4-ethyl-m-xylene	C₁₀H₁₄	1348-P	1357	0.016±0.003	—	0.008±0.001	0.011±0.002	0.014±0.003	0.004±0	0.192	0.001
622-97-9	4-甲基苯乙烯4-methylstyrene	C₉H₁₀	1385-P	1363	0.020±0.002	—	0.008±0.001	0.008±0.001	0.014±0.003	—	0.237	0.001
496-11-7	二氢化茚 Indane	C₉H₁₀	1365-P	1380	0.010±0.001	—	—	—	0.014±0.006	0.009±0.01	0.187	0.009
527-53-7	异杜烯 Isodurene	C₁₀H₁₄	1422-P	1430	0.073±0.006	—	0.052±0.005	0.073±0.006	0.085±0.006	0.028±0.002	0.458	0.001
104-93-8	4-甲基苯甲醚 4-methylanisole	C₈H₁₀O	1434-P	1442	—	—	—	—	0.005±0.005	—	0.126	0.024
100-52-7	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	1520-P	1529	6.485±0.351	1.094±0.325	1.914±0.350	3.433±0.337	3.671±0.477	3.725±0.287	3.384	0.001
93-58-3	苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate	C₈H₈O₂	1612-P	1630	0.384±0.011	0.033±0.032	0.116±0.006	—	0.116±0.013	0.156±0.017	1.044	0.001
93-89-0	苯甲酸乙酯 Ethyl benzoate	C₉H₁₀O₂	1658-P	1674	0.011±0.009	—	0.041±0.003	0.023±0.003	0.036±0.003	0.036±0.029	0.348	0.012
637-69-4	4-甲氧基苯乙烯 4-methoxystyrene	C₉H₁₀O	1684-P	1681	0.010±0.002	—	0.009±0.000	0.01±0.003	0.01±0.003	0.014±0.009	0.210	0.021
104-57-4	甲酸苄酯 Benzyl formate	C₈H₈O₂	1674-P	1688	—	—	0.055±0.020	—	0.082±0.018	0.067±0.05	0.552	0.001
34246- 54-3	3-乙基苯甲醛 3-ethylbenzaldehyde	C₉H₁₀O	—	1716	0.017±0.002	—	0.026±0.006	0.023±0.002	0.014±0.003	0.023±0.001	0.271	0.001
140-11-4	乙酸苄酯 Benzyl acetate	C₉H₁₀O₂	1720-P	1731	0.063±0.008	0.041±0.012	0.456±0.040	0.027±0.001	0.344±0.019	0.089±0.005	1.063	0.001
4748-78-1	4-乙基苯甲醛 4-ethylbenzaldehyde	C₉H₁₀O	1721-P	1748	—	0.005±0.005	—	—	0.003±0.003	—	0.117	0.054
101-41-7	苯乙酸甲酯 Methyl phenylacetate	C₉H₁₀O₂	1750-P	1763	0.013±0.001	—	—	—	—	—	0.210	0.001
104-53-0	苯丙醛 3-phenylpropanal	C₉H₁₀O	1762-P	1784	—	—	0.480±0.031	—	—	—	1.094	0.001
103-28-6	异丁酸苄酯 Benzyl isobutyrate	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	1784-P	1784	—	—	—	—	—	0.028±0.004	0.407	0.001
100-51-6	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	C₇H₈O	1870-P	1876	6.206±0.213	1.732±0.164	6.019±0.509	2.039±0.133	9.202±0.384	6.214±0.367	4.200	0.001
487-68-3	2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醛 2,4,6- trimethylbenzaldehyde	C₁₀H₁₂O	1929-P	1880	—	—	—	0.04±0.007	—	—	0.329	0.001
10361-39-4	戊酸苄酯 Benzyl n-valerate	C₁₂H₁₆O₂	1918-P	1895	0.179±0.014	—	—	—	—	—	0.781	0.001
57194-69-1	顺式肉桂醛 Cis-cinnamaldehyde	C₉H₈O	1884-P	1902	0.006±0.001	—	—	0.068±0.01	0.054±0.016	0.227±0.011	1.224	0.001
94-46-2	苯甲酸异戊酯 Isopentyl benzoate	C₁₂H₁₆O₂	1923-P	1919	0.515±0.172	—	0.051±0.001	—	0.021±0.01	—	1.314	0.001
140-29-4	苯乙腈 Phenylacetonitrile	C₈H₇N	1909-P	1930	—	0.013±0.023	—	—	1.194±0.047	—	2.161	0.001
4411-89-6	2-苯基巴豆醛 α-phenylcrotonaldehyde	C₁₀H₁₀O	1929-P	1934	0.010±0.002	—	—	0.029±0.004	—	0.027±0.004	0.386	0.001
122-72-5	乙酸-3-苯基丙酯3-phenylpropyl acetate	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	1936-P	1946	—	—	0.136±0.006	—	—	—	0.581	0.001
95-48-7	2-甲酚o-cresol	C₇H₈O	2008-P	1998	0.031±0.001	—	—	—	0.018±0.018	—	0.278	0.001
108-95-2	苯酚 Phenol	C₆H₆O	2000-P	2002	0.049±0.001	0.023±0.001	0.061±0.010	0.076±0.013	0.059±0.005	0.113±0.007	0.532	0.002
571-58-4	1,4-二甲基萘1,4-dimethylnaphthalene	C₁₂H₁₂	2041-P	2014	0.010±0.008	—	0.016±0.002	0.012±0.004	0.009±0.008	0.011±0.001	0.162	0.046
123-11-5	对甲氧基苯醛p-methoxybenzaldehyde	C₈H₈O₂	2011-P	2034	0.003±0.003	—	0.007±0.006	—	0.003±0.003	0.011±0.001	0.205	0.005
14371- 10-9	反式肉桂醛(E)-cinnamaldehyde	C₉H₈O	2040-P	2050	0.426±0.076	—	6.769±0.255	1.963±0.449	1.355±0.154	3.159±0.024	3.781	0.001
122-97-4	3-苯丙醇3-phenylpropanol	C₉H₁₂O	2039-P	2054	—	—	—	—	0.619±0.091	—	1.550	0.001
6789-88-4	苯甲酸正己酯Hexyl benzoate	C₁₃H₁₈O₂	2073-P	2083	—	0.028±0.005	0.158±0.018	—	—	—	0.645	0.001
104-65-4	甲酸肉桂酯 Cinnamyl formate	C₁₀H₁₀O₂	2094-P	2102	—	—	0.045±0.005	—	0.004±0.003	—	0.327	0.001
37526-88-8	(E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸苯甲酯Benzyl tiglate	C₁₂H₁₄O₂	2108-P	2116	0.101±0.004	0.023±0.001	0.158±0.016	—	0.176±0.013	0.134±0.018	0.639	0.001
103-54-8	乙酸肉桂酯 Cinnamyl acetate	C₁₁H₁₂O₂	2150-P	2155	—	—	0.315±0.008	—	0.029±0.007	0.005±0	0.862	0.001
97-53-0	丁香酚Eugenol	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	2169-P	2168	0.290±0.018	—	—	0.015±0.015	0.218±0.052	0.037±0.01	0.879	0.001
552-41-0	丹皮酚 Paeonol	C₉H₁₀O₃	2303-P	2281	—	—	—	—	0.002±0.003	0.008±0.001	0.203	0.001
104-54-1	肉桂醇 Cinnamyl alcohol	C₉H₁₀O	2292-P	2285	0.057±0.009	0.659±0.283	9.114±0.382	0.454±0.198	2.831±0.45	2.799±0.01	4.134	0.001
702-23-8	2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙醇2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethanol	C₉H₁₂O₂	2348-P	2330	0.021±0.007	0.061±0.023	—	—	0.024±0.003	0.099±0.016	0.587	0.001
122-78-1	苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde	C₈H₈O	1640-P	1657	—	0.383±0.029	—	—	—	—	1.067	0.001
56423- 40-6	2-甲基丁酸苯甲酯 Benzyl-2-methylbutyrat	C₁₂H₁₆O₂	1880-P	1884	—	0.010±0.009	—	—	—	—	0.144	0.032
25152- 85-6	顺式-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯 Cis-3-hexenyl benzoate	C₁₃H₁₆O₂	2126-P	2124	—	0.055±0.087	—	—	—	—	0.321	0.363
120-51-4	苯甲酸苄酯 Benzyl benzoate	C₁₄H₁₂O₂	2639-P	—	—	0.078±0.041	—	—	—	—	0.487	0.001
脂肪酸衍生物类Fatty acid derivatives
17301- 32-5	4,7-二甲基十一烷4,7-dimethylundecane	C₁₃H₂₈	—	1024	0.053±0.022	—	0.028±0.002	0.057±0.018	0.057±0.005	—	0.440	0.001
13151- 34-3	3-甲基癸烷2-ethylnonane	C₁₁H₂₄	1059-P	1053	0.139±0.018	—	0.022±0.006	0.086±0.007	0.135±0.011	0.061±0.046	0.585	0.001
1487-18-9	a-乙烯基呋喃2-vinylfuran	C₆H₆O	1063-P	1065	0.013±0.001	—	0.040±0.010	0.019±0.001	0.016±0.002	—	0.312	0.001
17312- 54-8	3,7-二甲基癸烷Decane,3,7-dimethyl-	C₁₂H₂₆	—	1072	0.165±0.036	—	0.041±0.002	0.114±0.025	0.144±0.04	0.038±0.024	0.623	0.001
66-25-1	己醛Hexanal	C₆H₁₂O	1083-P	1094	0.218±0.040	1.032±0.829	0.008±0.001	0.385±0.338	0.03±0.013	0.112±0.153	1.554	0.045
62108- 22-9	2,5,9-三甲基癸烷Decane,2,5,9-trimethyl-	C₁₃H₂₈	—	1091	0.275±0.077	—	0.056±0.018	0.169±0.062	0.319±0.065	—	0.986	0.001
1576-87-0	反式-2-戊烯醛(E)-pent-2-enal	C₅H₈O	1127-P	1106	0.011±0.002	—	0.102±0.014	0.011±0.003	0.004±0.003	—	0.502	0.001
4440-65-7	3-己烯醛3-hexenal	C₆H₁₀O	1146-P	1133	0.689±0.078	0.143±0.037	1.810±0.325	0.842±0.063	1.071±0.11	0.473±0.006	1.910	0.001
6789-80-6	(Z)-3-己烯醛(3Z)-hexenal	C₆H₁₀O	1142-P	1140	—	—	—	—	—	0.178±0.075	1.036	0.001
1632-70-8	5-甲基十一烷5-methylundecane	C₁₂H₂₆	1157-P	1138	0.123±0.012	—	0.043±0.003	0.094±0.051	0.028±0.049	—	0.573	0.001
71-41-0	1-戊醇1-pentanol	C₅H₁₂O	1250-P	1202	0.127±0.010	—	—	0.147±0.023	—	—	0.648	0.001
3777-69-3	2-正戊基呋喃2-pentylfuran	C₉H₁₄O	1231-P	1228	—	—	0.049±0.043	0.119±0.001	—	0.071±0.006	0.583	0.001
123-66-0	己酸乙酯Ethyl caproate	C₈H₁₆O₂	1233-P	1231	—	—	0.006±0.005	—	—	—	0.108	0.025
928-68-7	6-甲基-2-庚酮6-methyl-2-heptanone	C₈H₁₆O	1237-P	1234	—	—	0.003±0.001	—	—	—	0.077	0.001
124-13-0	辛醛 Octanal	C₈H₁₆O	1289-P	1286	—	0.020±0.003	0.077±0.010	0.02±0.034	—	0.027±0.006	0.381	0.001
1576-95-0	顺-2-戊烯-1-醇Cis-2-penten-1-ol	C₅H₁₀O	1318-P	1315	—	0.026±0.003	0.005±0.002	—	—	—	0.289	0.001
57266- 86-1	2-庚烯醛Cis-hept-2-enal	C₇H₁₂O	1322-P	1325	0.096±0.007	0.025±0.008	0.113±0.018	0.092±0.002	0.033±0.001	0.112±0	0.631	0.001
110-93-0	甲基庚烯酮6-methylhept	C₈H₁₄O	1338-P	1338	0.162±0.021	0.045±0.002	0.262±0.044	0.342±0.021	0.224±0.025	0.166±0.005	0.846	0.001
111-27-3	1-己醇 1-Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	1355-P	1350	0.378±0.037	—	0.042±0.007	0.415±0.032	0.24±0.018	0.096±0.006	1.002	0.001
6418-41-3	3-甲基十三烷3-methyltridecane	C₁₄H₃₀	1366-P	1365	0.027±0.005	—	0.018±0.002	0.036±0.006	0.019±0.002	0.028±0.008	0.309	0.001
544-12-7	3-己烯-1-醇3-hexen-1-ol	C₆H₁₂O	1391-P	1382	0.445±0.035	—	0.532±0.069	0.902±0.089	0.76±0.067	0.431±0.051	1.538	0.001
928-92-7	4-己烯-1-醇4-hexen-1-ol	C₆H₁₂O	1413-P	1383	—	—	0.027±0.006	0.037±0.005	0.03±0.012	—	0.381	0.001
124-19-6	天竺葵醛 Nonanal	C₉H₁₈O	1391-P	1396	0.357±0.045	0.065±0.005	0.491±0.042	0.707±0.066	0.601±0.046	0.284±0.007	1.342	0.001
928-94-9	顺-2-己烯-1-醇Cis-2-hexen-1-ol	C₆H₁₂O	1416-P	1405	0.060±0.009	—	0.016±0.004	0.024±0.002	0.091±0.015	0.05±0	0.485	0.001
142-83-6	2,4-己二烯醛Hexa-2,4-dienal	C₆H₈O	1400-P	1405	1.053±0.100	0.298±0.259	0.583±0.069	1.715±0.028	0.858±0.118	1.244±0.004	1.793	0.002
2548-87-0	反-2-辛烯醛Trans-2-octenal	C₈H₁₄O	1429-P	1433	0.031±0.002	—	0.070±0.012	0.085±0.005	0.035±0.004	0.077±0.005	0.470	0.001
3391-86-4	1-辛烯-3-醇1-octen-3-ol	C₈H₁₆O	1450-P	1445	0.019±0.005	0.008±0.009	0.027±0.003	0.035±0.001	0.027±0.003	0.012±0.001	0.285	0.001
16491- 36-4	顺-3-己烯基丁酯Cis-3-hexenyl butyrate	C₁₀H₁₈O₂	1455-P	1462	—	—	0.058±0.007	—	0.073±0.002	0.027±0.003	0.462	0.001
498-60-2	3-糠醛 3-furaldehyde	C₅H₄O₂	1451-P	1464	0.008±0.001	—	0.006±0.003	0.018±0.004	0.006±0.008	0.002±0.001	0.193	0.001
104-76-7	异辛醇2-ethyl-1-hexanol	C₈H₁₈O	1491-P	1486	0.143±0.015	0.034±0.004	0.074±0.007	0.154±0.01	0.18±0.019	0.073±0.006	0.631	0.001
35154- 45-1	Z-3-甲基丁酸-3- 己烯酯 Cis-3-hexenyl isovalerate	C₁₁H₂₀O₂	1487-P	1487	0.009±0.001	—	0.010±0.002	—	0.005±0.005	—	0.189	0.001
123-29-5	壬酸乙酯 Ethyl nonanoate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	1531-P	1536	—	—	0.005±0.005	0.011±0.01	—	—	0.152	0.063
18829- 56-6	反-2-壬烯醛Trans-2-Nonenal	C₉H₁₆O	1534-P	1539	0.106±0.026	—	0.120±0.021	0.144±0.008	0.112±0.014	0.055±0.01	0.563	0.001
557-48-2	紫罗兰叶醛2,6-nonadienal	C₉H₁₄O	1584-P	1589	0.022±0.003	0.029±0.010	0.037±0.006	0.063±0.017	0.04±0.005	0.025±0.002	0.319	0.001
110-42-9	癸酸甲酯 Methyl decanoate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	1593-P	1596	0.012±0.004	0.004±0.002	—	0.006±0.004	0.006±0.005	0.005±0.004	0.134	0.03
65405- 80-3	巴豆酸顺-3-己烯 -1-基酯 cis-3-hexen-1-yl crotonate	C₁₀H₁₆O₂	1599-P	1602	—	—	0.009±0.001	—	—	—	0.150	0.001
3913-81-3	反式-2-癸烯醛Trans-2-decenal standard	C₁₀H₁₈O	1644-P	1647	—	—	0.04±0.006	—	—	—	0.314	0.001
76649- 16-6	反式-4-癸烯酸乙酯Ethyl trans-4-decenoate	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	1676-P	1664	—	—	—	0.012±0.011	—	—	0.152	0.025
1119-40-0	戊二酸二甲酯Dimethyl glutarate	C₇H₁₂O₄	1687-P	1698	0.077±0.016	—	0.018±0.003	—	0.032±0.029	—	0.470	0.001
56805- 23-3	3,6-亚壬基-1-醇(E,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol	C₉H₁₆O	1747-P	1748	0.006±0.006	—	—	—	—	0.008±0.001	0.200	0.004
25152- 83-4	2E,4Z-癸二烯醛(E,Z)-2,4-decadienal	C₁₀H₁₆O	1754-P	1766	0.011±0.001	0.017±0.005	0.014±0.002	0.015±0.004	0.01±0.001	0.045±0.009	0.422	0.001
119-36-8	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	C₈H₈O₃	1765-P	1784	0.252±0.026	—	—	0.179±0.038	0.318±0.022	—	1.012	0.001
25152- 84-5	反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-decadienal	C₁₀H₁₆O	1811-P	1813	0.010±0.001	—	0.016±0.002	0.008±0.001	0.005±0.005	0.019±0.002	0.276	0.001
106-33-2	月桂酸乙酯 Ethyl laurate	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	1841-P	1843	0.005±0.005	—	0.011±0.001	—	0.004±0.004	—	0.164	0.002
60-12-8	β-苯乙醇β-phenylethanol	C₈H₁₀O	1906-P	1914	4.067±0.097	—	0.796±0.085	1.963±0.048	0.652±0.106	1.187±0.071	3.229	0.001
2345-28-0	2-十五烷酮2-pentadecanone	C₁₅H₃₀O	2019-P	2019	—	—	—	—	—	0.01±0.002	0.242	0.001
51115- 63-0	2-甲基丁基水杨酸酯2-methylbutyl salicylate	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	—	2055	0.017±0.001	—	—	—	—	—	0.239	0.001
1754-62-7	反式-肉桂酸甲酯(E)-methylcinnamate	C₁₀H₁₀O₂	2074-P	2082	0.037±0.005	—	—	—	0.007±0.006	—	0.330	0.001
540-08-9	9-十七酮9-heptadecanone	C₁₇H₃₄O	—	2086	—	—	—	—	—	0.031±0.014	0.399	0.001
629-94-7	正二十一烷Heneicosane	C₂₁H₄₄	2100-A	2096	—	—	0.692±0.164	1.202±0.011	—	—	1.822	0.001
502-69-2	植酮Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone	C₁₈H₃₆O	2131-P	2121	0.049±0.004	0.018±0.004	0.053±0.006	0.039±0.003	0.041±0.007	0.014±0	0.367	0.001
112-39-0	棕榈酸甲酯 Methyl palmitate	C₁₇H₃₄O₂	2208-P	2216	0.012±0.002	—	0.004±0.003	—	0.009±0.002	—	0.184	0.001
628-97-7	棕榈酸乙酯 Ethyl palmitate	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	2251-P	2251	0.006±0.000	0.005±0.006	0.006±0.005	—	0.011±0.003	0.026±0.009	0.310	0.001
4312-99-6	1-辛烯-3-酮1-octen-3-one	C₈H₁₄O	1300-P	1310	—	0.012±0.011	—	—	—	—	0.159	0.034
72237- 36-6	乙酸4-己烯-1-醇4-hexen-1-ol,acetate	C₈H₁₄O₂	1326-P	1324	—	0.007±0.006	—	—	—	—	0.123	0.023
928-91-6	顺-4-己烯-1-醇(Z)-hex-4-en-1-ol	C₆H₁₂O	1422-P	1397	—	0.069±0.061	—	—	—	—	0.381	0.026
112-31-2	癸醛 Decanal	C₁₀H₂₀O	1498-P	1510	—	0.075±0.065	—	—	—	—	0.392	0.023
84060- 80-0	惕各酸叶醇酯(Z)-3-hexenyl Angelate	C₁₁H₁₈O₂	—	1683	—	0.031±0.002	—	—	—	—	0.306	0.001
5910-87-2	(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-nonadienal	C₉H₁₄O	1700-P	1720	—	0.007±0.006	—	—	—	—	0.124	0.023
142-62-1	己酸 Hexanoic acid	C₆H₁₂O₂	1846-P	1855	—	0.028±0.020	—	—	—	—	0.265	0.006
112-05-0	洋绣球酸 Nonanoic acid	C₉H₁₈O₂	2171-P	2182	—	0.126±0.094	—	—	—	—	0.585	0.008
334-48-5	癸酸 Decanoic acid	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	2276-P	2287	—	0.037±0.046	—	—	—	—	0.290	0.166
4313-03-5	(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛(2E,4E)-hepta-2,4-dienal	C₇H₁₀O	1495-P	1477	—	0.067±0.059	—	—	—	—	0.439	0.024
14203- 59-9	茶醇4-Hydroxyisophorone	C₉H₁₄O₂	—	2137	—	—	0.026±0.009	—	0.03±0.02	—	0.303	0.002
17092- 92-1	二氢猕猴桃内酯R-dihydroactinidiolide	C₁₁H₁₆O₂	2331-P	2382	—	0.014±0.013	—	—	—	—	0.181	0.043
氨基酸衍生物类Amino acid derivatives
85-91-6	2-(甲氨基)苯甲酸甲酯Dimethyl anthranilate	C₉H₁₁NO₂	2077-P	2086	—	—	—	—	0.007±0.006	—	0.140	0.04
120-72-9	吲哚 Indole	C₈H₇N	2445-P	0	1.803±0.110	0.984±0.410	3.051±0.119	1.383±0.069	1.834±0.083	0.748±0.123	2.551	0.001
134-20-3	氨茴酸甲酯 Methyl anthranilate	C₈H₉NO₂	2232-P	2261	—	0.111±0.020	—	—	—	—	0.582	0.001

表1

图2

图3

表2

6种观赏海棠关键香气成分的OAV与ROAV值"

化合物 Compound	气味描述 Odor	香气阈值 Aroma threshold (μg·g^-1)	湖北海棠 M. hupehensis		西府海棠 M. micromalus		‘草莓果冻’ M. Strawberry Parfait		‘凯尔斯’ M. Kelsey		‘绚丽’ M. Radiant		‘王族’ M. Royalty
化合物 Compound	气味描述 Odor	香气阈值 Aroma threshold (μg·g^-1)	香气活度值 OAV	相对香气活度值 ROAV	香气活度值 OAV	相对香气活度值 ROAV	香气活度值 OAV	相对香气活度值 ROAV	香气活度值 OAV	相对香气活度值 ROAV	香气活度值 OAV	相对香气活度值 ROAV	香气活度值 OAV	相对香气活度值 ROAV
己醛 Hexanal	清新、青香、脂肪、醛类、草香、绿叶、果香、汗味 Fresh, green, fatty, aldehydic, grassy, leafy, fruity, sweaty	0.0228	9.56	0.24	45.26	50.60	0.35	0.02	16.89	0.08	1.32	0.79	4.91	0.12
3-己烯醛 3-hexenal	绿叶、茎、番茄、甜瓜、苹果 Leafy, green stem, tomato, melon, apple	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
(Z)-3-己烯醛 (3Z)-hexenal	青香、脂肪、草、杂草、果香、苹果 Green, fatty, grassy, weedy, fruity, apple	0.0017	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	104.71	2.64
1,4-二甲苯 p-xylene	甜味 Sweet	0.53	1.55	0.04	0.17	0.19	1.32	0.08	1.68	0.01	1.21	0.73	0.65	0.02
β-蒎烯 β-pinene	干燥、木质、树脂、松、干草、青香 Dry, woody, resinous, pine, hay, green	0.14	0.27	<0.01	—	—	0.09	<0.01	3.68	0.02	0.06	0.03	—	—
1-己醇 1-hexanol	乙醚、杂醇油、果味、酒精、甜香、青香 Ethereal, fusel oil, fruity, alcoholic, sweet, green	2	0.19	<0.01	—	—	0.02	<0.01	0.21	<0.01	0.12	0.07	0.05	<0.01
3-己烯-1-醇 3-hexen-1-ol	青草、树叶 Green grassy, leafy	1.63	0.27	<0.01	—	—	0.33	0.02	0.55	<0.01	0.47	0.28	0.26	<0.01
天竺葵醛 Nonanal	蜡质、醛、玫瑰、清新、鸢尾花、橙皮、脂肪、果皮 Waxy, aldehydic, rose, fresh, orris, orange peel, fatty, peely	0.049	7.29	0.18	1.33	1.48	10.02	0.64	14.43	0.07	12.27	7.36	5.80	0.15
2,4-己二烯醛 Hexa-2,4- dienal	甜香、青香、辛辣、花香、柑橘 Sweet, green, spicy, floral, citrus	0.06	17.55	0.44	4.97	5.55	9.72	0.62	28.58	0.14	14.30	8.58	20.73	0.52
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	浓烈、甜香、苦杏仁、樱桃 Strong sharp, sweet, bitter almond, cherry	0.75089	8.64	0.22	1.46	1.63	2.55	0.16	4.57	0.02	4.89	2.93	4.96	0.13
芳樟醇 Linalool	柑橘、花香、甜香、玫瑰、木质、青香、蓝莓 Citrus, floral, sweet, rose, woody, green, blueberry	0.00022	3963.64	100.00	—	—	1577.27	100.00	20422.73	100.00	—	—	3959.09	100.00
苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate	酚、醛、冬青、杏仁、花香 Phenolic, aldehydic, wintergreen, almond, floral	0.073	5.26	0.13	0.45	0.51	1.59	0.10	—	—	1.59	0.95	2.14	0.05
乙酸苄酯 Benzyl acetate	甜香、花香、果味、茉莉、清新 Sweet, floral, fruity, jasmin, fresh	0.364	0.17	<0.01	0.11	0.13	1.25	0.08	0.07	<0.01	0.95	0.57	0.24	<0.01
苯丙醛 3- phenylpropanal	清新、树香、绿叶香、香脂、安息香 Fresh, cortex, leafy foliage, balsamic, storax	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	冬青、薄荷 Wintergreen, mint	0.04	6.30	0.16	—	—	—	—	4.48	0.02	7.95	4.77	—	—
橙花基丙酮 Nerylacetone	脂肪 Fatty	nd	nd	nd	—	—	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	花香、玫瑰、酚、醛、香脂 Floral, rose, phenolic, aldehydic, balsamic	2.54621	2.44	0.06	0.68	0.76	2.36	0.15	0.80	<0.01	3.61	2.17	2.44	0.06
顺式肉桂醛 cis-cinnamaldehyde	肉桂、辛香 Cinnamon, spicy	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
β-苯乙醇 β- phenylethanol	花香、玫瑰、干玫瑰花、玫瑰水 Floral, rose, dried rose flower, rose water	0.56423	7.21	0.18	—	—	1.41	0.09	3.48	0.02	1.16	0.69	2.10	0.05
苯甲酸异戊酯 Isopentyl benzoate	甜香、香脂、青香、蜡味 Sweet, balsamic, green, waxy	0.25	2.06	0.05	—	—	0.20	0.01	—	—	0.08	0.05	—	—
苯乙腈 Phenylacetonitrile	苦杏仁、辛辣、花香 Bitter almonds, spicy, floral	1.2	—	—	0.01	0.01	—	—	—	—	1.00	0.60	—	—
反式肉桂醛 (E)- cinnamaldehyde	甜香、辛香、糖、肉桂香、红辣椒、温暖 Sweet, spicy, candy, cinnamon, red hots, warm	6	0.07	<0.01	—	—	1.13	0.07	0.33	<0.01	0.23	0.14	0.53	0.01
3-苯丙醇 3-phenylpropanol	甜香、辛香、肉桂香、木犀草、风信子、香脂 Sweet, spicy, cinnamon, mignonette, hyacinth, balsamic	nd	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	nd	nd	—	—
正二十一烷 Heneicosane	蜡味 Waxy	nd	—	—	—	—	nd	nd	nd	nd	—	—	—	—
肉桂醇 Cinnamyl alcohol	甜香、香脂、风信子、辛辣、绿色、肉桂 Sweet, balsamic, hyacinth, spicy, green, cinnamon	0.077	0.74	0.02	8.56	9.57	118.36	7.50	5.90	0.03	36.77	22.05	36.35	0.92
吲哚 Indole	动物、花香、樟脑球、粪便、萘 Animal, floral, moth ball, fecal, naphthalene	0.011	163.91	4.14	89.45	100.00	277.36	17.59	125.73	0.62	166.73	100.00	68.00	1.72
苯乙醛 Benzeneacetaldehyde	绿色、甜香、花香、风信子、三叶草、蜂蜜、可可 Green, sweet, floral, hyacinth, clover, honey, cocoa	0.0063	—	—	60.79	67.96	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

表2

图4

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