中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (20): 4035-4044.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.20.009

• 专题:迁飞性害虫发生与防控 • 上一篇    下一篇

大豆-玉米带状复合种植模式下草地贪夜蛾的生存适应性和危害性

夏杨(), 韩光杰(), 李传明, 刘琴, 张楠, 黄立鑫, 陆玉荣, 徐彬, 徐健()   

  1. 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/国家农业微生物扬州观测实验站,江苏扬州 225007
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-15 接受日期:2024-04-23 出版日期:2024-10-16 发布日期:2024-10-24
  • 通信作者:
    徐健,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 夏杨,E-mail:xiayeung@163.com。韩光杰,E-mail:hanguangjie177@163.com。夏杨和韩光杰为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自主创新资金(CX[22]3014); 江苏省农业科技创新与推广项目(扬农办[2024]101号); 江苏省国际合作项目(BZ2020039); 江苏省“333”优秀青年人才项目(苏人才办[2022]21号); 扬州市生态农业重点实验室(YZ2023244); 农业基础性长期性科技工作项目(NAES069AM04)

Survival Adaptability and Damage Potential of Spodoptera frugiperda in the Soybean-Maize Strip Intercropping

XIA Yang(), HAN GuangJie(), LI ChuanMing, LIU Qin, ZHANG Nan, HUANG LiXin, LU YuRong, XU Bin, XU Jian()   

  1. Lixiahe District Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Microbiology in Yangzhou, Yangzhou 225007, Jiangsu
  • Received:2024-03-15 Accepted:2024-04-23 Published:2024-10-16 Online:2024-10-24

摘要:

【目的】研究草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)对大豆和玉米的取食代谢特性和迁移扩散行为,明确草地贪夜蛾在大豆-玉米带状复合种植模式下的取食规律和潜在危害风险。【方法】供试寄主植物为江苏省大豆-玉米带状复合种植推荐品种徐豆18和江玉877,室内测定大豆叶片和玉米叶片对草地贪夜蛾的取食趋性、生长发育、产卵量、产卵选择性、消化酶活性及消化代谢的影响。田间接种卵块并调查玉米-大豆“2+4”模式间作下草地贪夜蛾随时间的迁移距离和范围,根据迁移动态评估其在该种植模式下的潜在危害风险。【结果】草地贪夜蛾对玉米叶片表现出明显的取食趋向性,选择取食玉米叶片个体占63.89%,为选择取食大豆叶片个体数的1.77倍,差异显著。草地贪夜蛾取食大豆叶片和玉米叶片均能完成世代发育,但取食玉米叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫发育历期为14.82 d,较取食大豆叶片的幼虫发育历期缩短2.54 d,单雌产卵量为679.50粒,较取食大豆叶片增加26.58%,差异显著。成虫产卵主要选择玉米叶片,平均卵块数和单雌着卵量为5.67块和521.67粒,分别为大豆的1.70和2.04倍,差异显著。取食大豆叶片的草地贪夜蛾脂肪酶活性为9.84 U·g-1,较取食玉米叶片的脂肪酶活性6.47 U·g-1显著提高,而两者的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性无显著差异。取食大豆叶片的草地贪夜蛾近似消化率为63.40%,较取食玉米叶片的近似消化率69.26%显著降低,但两者在食物利用率、食物转化率和相对生长率方面无显著差异。田间接种卵块后调查发现玉米-大豆“2+4”模式间作下,草地贪夜蛾主要在玉米上扩散,于玉米种植行内“纵向迁移”,未扩散到相邻的大豆植株上。【结论】草地贪夜蛾对大豆和玉米的取食适应和产卵选择具有一定的差异,相较于大豆,草地贪夜蛾对玉米表现出较强的选择趋向性和利用能力,在玉米-大豆“2+4”带状种植模式下,草地贪夜蛾以危害玉米为主。因此,在实际生产中,应加强对草地贪夜蛾的监测和防治工作,特别是在玉米生长的关键时期采取有效的防治措施,以降低其危害风险。

关键词: 草地贪夜蛾, 大豆-玉米带状复合种植, 取食, 产卵, 田间迁移

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the feeding metabolic characteristics and migration behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda on soybean and maize, as well as to clarify the feeding rules and potential damage risks of S. frugiperda in the soybean- maize strip intercropping.【Method】The host plants were Xudou 18 and Jiangyu 877, which were recommended for soybean-maize strip intercropping planting in Jiangsu Province. The effects of soybean leaves and maize leaves on feeding preference, growth, oviposition quantity, oviposition selectivity, digestive enzyme activity and digestive metabolism of S. frugiperda were determined by laboratory tests. Field inoculation experiment was conducted to investigate the migration distance and range of S. frugiperda over time under the “2+4” intercropping of maize and soybean, and the potential risk of damage was evaluated based on the migration dynamics.【Result】S. frugiperda exhibited a clear preference for feeding on maize leaves, with 63.89% of individuals selecting to feed on maize leaves, which was 1.77 times higher than the number of individuals that selected to feed on soybean leaves, and the difference was significant. S. frugiperda could complete its life cycle by feeding on both soybean leaves and maize leaves, but the larval development period of those feeding on maize leaves was 14.82 d, which was 2.54 d shorter than those feeding on soybean leaves. The single female fecundity of S. frugiperda feeding on maize leaves was 679.50 eggs, which was significantly increased by 26.58% compared to feeding on soybean leaves. Adult females preferred to oviposit on maize leaves, with the average egg mass number and single female oviposition of 5.67 masses and 521.67 eggs, respectively, which were 1.70 and 2.04 times higher than those on soybean, and the differences were significant. The lipase activity of S. frugiperda feeding on soybean leaves was 9.84 U·g-1, significantly higher than that of those feeding on maize leaves (6.47 U·g-1), while there was no significant difference in protease and amylase activities between the two. The approximate digestibility of S. frugiperda feeding on soybean leaves was 63.40%, which was significantly lower than that of those feeding on maize leaves (69.26%). However, there was no significant difference in food utilization efficiency, food conversion efficiency, and relative growth rate between the two. Field investigations after egg mass inoculation revealed that in the “2+4” strip intercropping pattern of maize and soybean, S. frugiperda primarily infested the maize plants, exhibiting “vertical migration” within the maize rows, and did not spread to the neighboring soybean plants.【Conclusion】S. frugiperda exhibited distinct differences in feeding adaptation and oviposition preference between soybean and maize, displaying a stronger preference and utilization ability for maize compared to soybean. Under the “2+4” strip planting pattern of maize and soybean, S. frugiperda primarily inflicted damage on maize. Therefore, in practical agricultural production, it is crucial to enhance monitoring and control measures for S. frugiperda, particularly during the critical growth stages of maize, to mitigate the risk of damage.

Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, soybean-maize strip intercropping, feeding, oviposition, field migration