无核葡萄胚珠发育过程中内源激素及多胺含量的变化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究无核葡萄胚珠发育过程中内源激素和多胺含量变化对胚发育的影响，为花前喷洒外源激素及胚珠离体培养条件下培养基中添加外源激素以促进胚的发育提供理论依据。【方法】以欧亚种葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）有核品种‘京秀’及其F₁代种子败育型无核品种‘秦秀’为材料，采用高效液相色谱质谱（high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry，HPLCMS）和超高效液相色谱（ultra performance liquid chromatography，UPLC）分析方法，比较二者在果实不同发育时期胚珠中内源激素和多胺含量的变化规律。【结果】对于生长素（IAA）、玉米素（ZT）、玉米素核苷（ZR）和N6-异戊烯腺嘌呤（iPAS）含量，‘京秀’在花后39 d达到最高值，‘秦秀’在花后42 d达到最高值，但前者最高值均高于后者（1.5倍以上）；对于茉莉酸（JA）和水杨酸（SA）含量，‘京秀’在花后36 d（2 000 ng∙g^-1和6 500 ng∙g^-1）开始急剧上升，至花后39 d 时均达到最高值（6 500 ng∙g^-1和10 000 ng∙g^-1），之后下降并在花后42—45 d维持在较高水平，而‘秦秀’自花后36 d（3 500 ng∙g^-1和3 000 ng∙g^-1）开始一直下降并处于较低的水平；对于氨基环丙烷羧酸（ACC）含量，‘京秀’在花后39 d时几乎为0，然后迅速上升，在花后45 d时达到最高值（1 200 ng∙g^-1），而‘秦秀’在花后39 d时达到最高值（900 ng∙g^-1），之后下降至花后42 d时几乎为0，并一直维持在极低的水平；对于脱落酸（ABA）含量，‘京秀’在花后36—45 d一直处于几乎为0的水平，而‘秦秀’自花后39 d从0开始急速上升到42 d的最高值（900 ng∙g^-1）；对于腐胺（Put）、精胺（Spm）和亚精胺（Spd）含量，2个品种变化趋势相似，但‘京秀’一直高于‘秦秀’，除精胺最高值均出现在花后42 d外，腐胺和亚精胺最高值在‘京秀’中为花后42 d，‘秦秀’为39 d。【结论】与有核品种‘京秀’相比，无核品种‘秦秀’胚珠中生长促进物质（IAA、CTK、GA₃、ACC、JA、SA、Put、Spd和Spm）含量较低，而生长抑制物质（ABA）含量较高，（IAA+GA₃）/ABA、（IAA+ZT+GA₃）/ABA、Spm/多胺（PAs）、（Spd+Spm）/PAs和（Spd+Spm）/Put的比值较低，可能是导致其胚败育的主要原因之一。因此，在无核葡萄胚挽救过程中,可通过花前喷洒或者培养基中添加一定浓度的生长促进物质来抑制胚的败育。

关键词: 种子败育型无核葡萄, 胚珠, 胚, 内源激素, 多胺

Abstract:

【Objective】By exploring the effects of endogenous hormones and polyamines on embryo development during the ovule development of seedless grape, this study provided a theoretical basis for promoting embryo development by spraying exogenous hormones before anthesis and adding exogenous hormones into the medium in vitro culture of ovule.【Method】In this study, the European grape (Vitis vinifera L.) variety Jingxiu and its F₁ generation stenospermocarpic seedless variety Qinxiu were used as test materials. The content of endogenous hormones and polyamines in ovule of fruit at different developmental stages were compared by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLCMS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).【Result】The content of IAA, ZT, ZR, and iPAS reached their highest values at 39 DAF (days after flowering) for Jingxiu and 42 DAF for Qinxiu, and the highest values of the former were higher than those of the latter (more than 1.5 times). For the content of JA and SA, Jingxiu started to rise sharply at 36 DAF (2 000 ng∙g^-1 and 6 500 ng∙g^-1, respectively), and reached the highest values at 39 DAF (6 500 ng∙g^-1 and 10 000 ng∙g^-1, respectively), and then, which were declining and remaining at a high level at 42-45 DAF, while Qinxiu was declining and remaining at a low level from 36 DAF (3 500 ng∙g^-1 and 3 000 ng∙g^-1, respectively). The ACC content of Jingxiu was almost 0 ng∙g^-1 at 39 DAF, then increased rapidly and reached its highest value (1 200 ng∙g^-1) at 45 DAF, while Qinxiu reached its highest value (900 ng∙g^-1) at 39 DAF, then declined to 0 ng∙g^-1 at 42 DAF, and remained at a very low level. The ABA content of Jingxiu was almost 0 ng∙g^-1 from 36 to 45 DAF, while that of Qinxiu rose sharply from 0 ng∙g^-1 at 39 DAF to the highest value (900 ng∙g^-1) at 42 DAF. The trends of Put (putrescine), Spm (spermine), and Spd (spermidine) were similar for the two varieties, but Jingxiu was consistently higher than Qinxiu. The highest values of Put and Spd were 42 DAF for Jingxiu and 39 DAF for Qinxiu, except for the highest values of Spm, which were all found at 42 DAF. 【Conclusion】 The lower content of growth promoting substances (IAA, CTK, GA₃, ACC, JA, SA, Put, Spd, and Spm) and the higher content of growth inhibiting substances (ABA), and lower ratios of (IAA+GA₃)/ABA, (IAA+ZT+GA₃)/ABA, Spm/PAs, (Spd+Spm)/PAs, and (Spd+Spm)/Put in the ovules of the seedless variety Qinxiu compared with the seeded variety Jingxiu might be one of the main reasons for seedless grape embryo abortion. Therefore, in the process of seedless grape embryo rescue, the embryo abortion could be inhibited by spraying before flowering or adding to media a certain concentration of growth promoting substances.

Key words: stenospermocarpic seedless grapes, ovules, embryo, endogenous hormones, polyamines

朱佩佩, 秦浩翔, 张剑侠. 无核葡萄胚珠发育过程中内源激素及多胺含量的变化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(23): 4789-4800.

ZHU PeiPei, QIN HaoXiang, ZHANG JianXia. Changes of Endogenous Hormones and Polyamines During Ovule Development of Stenospermocarpic Seedless Grape[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(23): 4789-4800.

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