腐殖酸对低浓度百菌清的缓释增效作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确腐殖酸对低浓度（5 mg·L ^-1）百菌清（chlorothalonil）的缓释增效作用,为减少农药使用量、延长农药药效提供新的科学思路,为选择新的农药增效剂提供理论依据。【方法】将腐殖酸（50 mg·L ^-1）添加至低浓度百菌清中,进行尖镰孢（Fusarium oxysporum）的体外平板及液体培养,通过菌丝体生长试验及血球计数板、等温微量热技术,测定相应的抑菌率（inhibition rate,IR）、孢子体数量以及生长代谢过程中的热量排放。【结果】将对照抑菌率设定为0,腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理较百菌清处理的IR显著提高了10.29%（P<0.05）,相对增效达到25.33%。液体摇菌培养过程中,摇菌培养的第3天,百菌清处理与腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理的孢子数无显著差异;摇菌培养第7天,百菌清处理的孢子数极显著低于其他处理（P<0.01）;摇菌培养的第14天,腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理的孢子数显著低于其他处理（P<0.05）,而百菌清处理与对照之间无显著差异,表明腐殖酸延长了低浓度百菌清对尖镰孢孢子数增加的抑制效应。各处理的热功率-时间曲线图显示,腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理热量排放曲线在监测的72 h内未检测到热排放峰;而单独添加百菌清的处理在试验的后期重新出现热排放峰;单独添加腐殖酸处理的热排放曲线与对照曲线接近。对热功率-时间曲线相关参数进一步分析,结果显示百菌清处理的P_max（最大热功率）显著低于对照和腐殖酸处理（P<0.05）,而T_max（最大热功率时间）显著高于对照和腐殖酸处理（P<0.05）;腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理的P_max、Q（整体发热量）、k（生长速率常数）均显著低于其他处理（P<0.05）,表明该处理病原菌的生长代谢活性显著低于其他处理,即病原菌生长代谢受到抑制的程度最大;腐殖酸处理与对照曲线各参数之间无显著差异,表明病原菌的生长代谢活性没有受到抑制,同时说明腐殖酸-百菌清复配处理中生长代谢受到的抑制作用与腐殖酸本身无关。【结论】添加腐殖酸可以显著提高低浓度百菌清对尖镰孢菌丝体生长、孢子体数量增加以及生长代谢过程中能量排放的抑制能力。将腐殖酸作为低浓度百菌清的农药增效剂,是降低百菌清用量及延长百菌清药效的有效措施。

关键词: 腐殖酸, 百菌清, 等温微量热, 缓释增效作用

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the slow-release synergistic effect of humic acid on low concentration (5 mg·L ^-1) of chlorothalonil, provide a new scientific idea for reducing pesticide use and prolonging pesticide efficacy, and to provide a theoretical basis for selecting new fungicide synergists. 【Method】Fusarium oxysporum was cultured in vitro solid and liquid medium including low concentrations of chlorothalonil with or without 50 mg·L ^-1 humic acid addition. The inhibition rate (IR) and spore number were determined through mycelium growth test and blood counting chamber. The heat released during the growth and metabolism process of F. oxysporum was measured by isothermal microcalorimetry technology. 【Result】The IR of humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment significantly increased by 10.29% (P<0.05) when IR of control was set to 0. The relative synergism was 25.33%. During liquid shake culture, there was no significant difference in spore number between the chlorothalonil treatment and humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment on the 3rd cultured day. On the 7th cultured day, the spore number of chlorothalonil treatment was significantly lower than that of other treatments (P<0.01). On the 14th cultured day, the spore number of humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment was significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in spore number between chlorothalonil treatment and control. It showed that humic acid extended the inhibitory effect of low concentration chlorothalonil on the increase of spore number. The heat flow-time curve of each treatment showed that no heat release peak was detected in the humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment within 72 hours of monitoring, while that in the chlorothalonil treatment was found in later monitoring, and the heat flow-time curve of humic acid treatment was close to the control. P_max (peak power) of the chlorothalonil treatment was significantly lower than that of the control and humic acid treatment (P<0.05), while the T_max (peak power time) was significantly higher than that of the control and humic acid treatment (P<0.05). P_max, Q (total heat evolution), and k (microbial growth rate constant) of the humic acid-chlorothalonil combined treatment were all significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05), which indicated that the pathogen metabolic activity of the combinated treatment was significantly lower than that in other treatments. That is, the growth and metabolism of F. oxysporum were most inhibited. There was no significant difference in P_max, T_max, Q, and k between the humic acid treatment and control, that is, the inhibition effect of humic acid treatment on pathogen was not monitored, and which could verify that the inhibition effect of combined treatment was irrelevant to humic acid itself.【Conclusion】The addition of humic acid can significantly enhance the ability of low concentration chlorothalonil to inhibit the growth of mycelia, increase of spore number and heat emission during growth and metabolism process of F. oxysporum. Using humic acid as a fungicide synergist of chlorothalonil is an effective measure to reduce the amount of chlorothalonil and extend the efficacy.

Key words: humic acid, chlorothalonil, isothermal microcalorimetry, slow-release synergistic effect

魏世平,吴萌,李桂龙,江春玉,刘明,陈瑞蕊,李忠佩. 腐殖酸对低浓度百菌清的缓释增效作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(1): 65-72.

WEI ShiPing,WU Meng,LI GuiLong,JIANG ChunYu,LIU Ming,CHEN RuiRui,LI ZhongPei. Slow-Release Synergistic Effect of Humic Acid on Low Concentration Chlorothalonil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 65-72.

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处理 Treatment	抑菌率IR (%)
对照 Control	0d
百菌清Chlorothalonil	40.62b
腐殖酸Humic acid	6.60c
腐殖酸+百菌清Humic acid+chlorothalonil	50.91a