中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 1635-1645.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.014
姜明红1,刘欣超2,3,唐华俊2,辛晓平2,陈吉泉4,董刚2,5,吴汝群4,邵长亮2()
收稿日期:
2018-09-30
接受日期:
2019-02-22
出版日期:
2019-05-01
发布日期:
2019-05-16
通讯作者:
邵长亮
作者简介:
姜明红,E-mail:jiangminghong@hlbec.edu.cn;|刘欣超,E-mail:liuxinchao3211 @126.com。
基金资助:
JIANG MingHong1,LIU XinChao2,3,TANG HuaJun2,XIN XiaoPing2,CHEN JiQuan4,DONG Gang2,5,WU RuQun4,SHAO ChangLiang2()
Received:
2018-09-30
Accepted:
2019-02-22
Online:
2019-05-01
Published:
2019-05-16
Contact:
ChangLiang SHAO
摘要:
生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)作为一种全程评价产品总体环境影响和生产效率的方法,被广泛应用于企业优化生产经营结构和政府政策制定等方面。近年来,出于粮食安全保障和生态环境保护的考虑,LCA在农牧生产中的应用越来越受到重视。但我国相关方面的研究和应用并不多见,特别是作为畜牧业重要产区的北方草原牧区,尚没有开展针对当地畜牧生产体系的LCA研究。在这一背景下,本文围绕主要环节和流程对国内外畜牧生产LCA方法框架和研究现状进行了综述,主要从LCA研究目的与范围的确定、生命周期清单分析和影响评价三个方面展开。国内外文献综述表明,国外畜牧产业中LCA的应用已相当普遍,无论从方法上还是技术上都已经相当成熟和完备,对我国畜牧产业LCA科学研究和实际应用均有较强的借鉴意义。然而,由于国内外畜牧产业的具体情况差异,国外LCA经验难以直接应用到国内。首先,在我国北方牧区,家庭牧场是当地畜牧生产的主要经营方式,具有季节性放牧与圈养舍饲结合、不同牲畜混养、牧民生活和生产经营界限不明确等特点,难以直接套用国外方法。此外,在我国开展畜牧生产LCA研究所需的数据收集非常困难,这是制约我国畜牧生产LCA应用的最大短板。最后,由于畜牧生产技术及经营方式的差距,相比于欧美澳等畜牧业发展成熟国家,我国北方牧区畜牧生产受降水等自然因素及市场供求价格因素影响年际间差异更大,这也是我国开展畜牧生产LCA研究必须考虑的问题。为了使 LCA 能够精准且广泛地应用于我国畜牧产业,应从以下几个方面进行改进:首先,开展我国北方牧区不同规模畜牧生产经营系统物料投入和产出的调查和研究,为畜牧产业LCA研究收集必要数据;其次,根据我国畜牧产业的特征建立并完善适合国情的畜牧业LCA标准方法和数据库,提升我国LCA结论的准确性;第三,在我国畜牧LCA研究中还应加大学科交叉力度,理清畜牧产业发展中的自然和社会驱动因素,为我国北方牧区畜牧产业的可持续发展提供数据参考和科技支撑。
姜明红, 刘欣超, 唐华俊, 辛晓平, 陈吉泉, 董刚, 吴汝群, 邵长亮. 生命周期评价在畜牧生产中的应用研究现状及展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(9): 1635-1645.
JIANG MingHong, LIU XinChao, TANG HuaJun, XIN XiaoPing, CHEN JiQuan, DONG Gang, WU RuQun, SHAO ChangLiang. Research Progress and Prospect of Life Cycle Assessment in Animal Husbandry[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(9): 1635-1645.
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