中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 2143-2154.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.11.012

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

矿物调理剂对稻田土壤镉形态和水稻镉吸收的影响

李超,艾绍英,唐明灯,李林峰,王艳红,李义纯   

  1. 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-30 出版日期:2018-06-01 发布日期:2018-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 艾绍英,Tel:020-85161453;Fax:020-85161437;E-mail:shaoyingai@21cn.com
  • 作者简介:李超,Tel:020-85161496;E-mail:chaoli1214@21cn.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省科技计划项目(2014A020216019,2014B020206001,2016B020240009,2016B070701009)、广州市科技计划项目(2014Y2-00521)

Effects of a Mineral Conditioner on the Forms of Cd in Paddy Soil and Cd Uptake by Rice

LI Chao, AI ShaoYing, TANG MingDeng, LI LinFeng, WANG YanHong, LI YiChun   

  1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2017-06-30 Online:2018-06-01 Published:2018-06-01

摘要: 【目的】探索施用调理剂对稻田土壤镉形态和水稻镉吸收的影响,为调理剂的田间应用提供指导。【方法】选取一种碱性矿物源复合材料作为供试调理剂,采用水稻盆栽试验动态取样方法,研究调理剂对不同生育时期稻田土壤镉形态及镉在植株体内迁移的影响。【结果】矿物调理剂有效提高土壤pH,降低土壤有效态镉(DTPA-Cd)含量,促进土壤镉的可利用态持续向难利用态或残渣态转化。矿物调理剂显著降低水稻根系、茎叶、谷壳和糙米镉含量,且其用量分别与水稻根系、茎叶、谷壳、糙米镉含量呈显著负相关。水稻各部位镉含量与土壤DTPA-Cd、返青期土壤可交换态镉和孕穗期土壤可交换态镉呈极显著正相关,与返青期土壤可氧化态镉和孕穗期土壤可还原态镉呈极显著负相关。不同生育时期水稻根系和茎叶中镉含量的显著不同,对照处理(CK)不同生育时期根系镉含量的大小顺序为:成熟期≈返青期>拔节期>分蘖期>孕穗期;茎叶镉含量的大小顺序为:返青期>成熟期>分蘖期>拔节期>孕穗期;成熟期时,与对照相比,矿物调理剂对水稻根系、茎叶、谷壳和糙米镉含量的最大降幅依次为92.0%、94.1%、86.3%、80.6%;当调理剂用量达到5 g·kg-1土时,糙米镉含量低于食品安全国家标准(0.2 mg·kg-1)。水稻各部位镉含量顺序为根系>>茎叶>>糙米>谷壳。由不同生育时期镉从根系向茎叶的转运系数可知,矿物调理剂对水稻生育前期镉的阻控效果优于生育后期。【结论】该调理剂可促进土壤中高活性镉向低活性转化,抑制水稻各器官对镉的吸收富集。

关键词: 矿物调理剂, 镉, 生物富集系数, 转运系数

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of application of a mineral conditioner on the forms of Cd in paddy soil and Cd uptake by rice and to provide directions of field application of this conditioner. 【Method】 An alkaline mineral source composite material was selected as the tested conditioner and a pot experiment with dynamic sampling pattern was carried out to research Cd forms in paddy soil and to analyze the translocation of Cd in rice plant at different growth stages.【Result】The mineral conditioner effectively increased soil pH, reduced soil DTPA-Cd content, and continuous shifted Cd from exchangeable Cd fractions to hard usable and residual fractions. The conditioner significantly reduced Cd content in rice root, stem and leaf, glume and hulled rice, and dosages of conditioner showed negative correlation with Cd content in different parts of rice. The Cd content of different rice parts were significantly positively correlated with soil DTPA-Cd and soil Ex-Cd, but negatively correlated with soil Ox-Cd at returning green and booting stage. The growth period of rice significantly affected Cd content of root and stem leaf. In different growth periods of CK treatment, the sequence of Cd content in rice root was mature stage ≈ green stage>jointing stage>tillering stage>botting stage, but the sequence of Cd content in stem leaf of CK treatment showed green stage>mature stage>tillering stage>jointing stage>botting stage; compared with CK treatment, there had largest decline of Cd content in root, stem and leaf, rice hull and hulled rice at mature stage, with 92.0%, 94.1%, 86.3%, 80.6%, respectively; when the dosage of conditioner reached to 5 g·kg-1, the Cd content of pulled rice decreased to the national standard of food safety (0.2 mg·kg-1). The sequence of Cd content in different rice organs showed root>>stem and leaf>>hulled rice>rice hull. For the bio-transportation factor of Cd transforms from root to stem and leaf at different periods, by conditioner, the resistance control effect on Cd at early growth stage was superior than that in late growth stage.【Conclusion】Tested conditioner could shift Cd from high active fractions to low active fractions, and effectively restrict Cd uptake in each rice parts.

Key words: mineral conditioner, Cd, BCF, TF