中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 386-400.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.02.017

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

中国不同气候区小麦产量及发育期持续时间对田间增温的响应

高美玲1,张旭博2,孙志刚2,3,孙楠4,李仕冀2,3,高永华5,张崇玉1

 
  

  1. 1贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳 550025;2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101;3中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;4中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081;5宣汉县农业技术推广站,四川宣汉,636150
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-13 出版日期:2018-01-16 发布日期:2018-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 张旭博,E-mail:zhangxb@igsnrr.ac.cn。孙志刚,E-mail:sun.zhigang@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:高美玲,E-mail:gml1390210244@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0503805)、国家自然科学基金项目(31570472)、中国科学院“百人计划”项目

Wheat Yield and Growing Period in Response to Field Warming in Different Climatic Zones in China

GAO MeiLing1, ZAHNG XuBo2, SUN ZhiGang2,3, SUN Nan4, LI ShiJi2,3, GAO YongHua5,ZHANG ChongYu1   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025; 2 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Beijing 100101; 3College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; 4Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081; 5Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Xuanhan County, Xuanhan 636150, Sichuan
  • Received:2017-08-13 Online:2018-01-16 Published:2018-01-16

摘要: 【目的】气候变暖对小麦生长发育有重要影响。然而,中国不同气候区小麦生长发育对温度升高的响应程度仍未系统量化。因此,急需阐明不同气候区增温及不同时段增温对小麦产量及发育期持续时间的影响程度,揭示小麦产量及发育期对增温的响应规律。【方法】本文搜集了1990—2017年间已发表的关于中国小麦全生育期田间持续增温条件下小麦产量变化的21篇文献,运用整合分析(Meta-analysis)量化田间不同增温幅度及不同时段增温对中国小麦产量及生育期的影响程度,系统阐明其在不同气候区的差异及规律。【结果】(1)亚热带季风区增温(0—3℃)显著增加小麦产量、千粒重和穗粒数,其平均增幅分别为8.2%、6.3%和4.7%;温带季风区增温(0—3℃)显著增加小麦产量、穗粒数和穗数,其平均增幅分别为6.8%、3.9%和5.5%,而温带大陆性气候区增温(0—3℃)显著降低小麦产量、千粒重和穗粒数,其平均降幅分别为10.2%、5.9%和8.3%。其中,亚热带季风区增温0—2℃,小麦产量显著提高了8.5%,而增温2—3℃时,小麦并未增产;温带季风气候区小麦增产愈为明显,当增温2—3℃时小麦的增产幅度达14.5%;相反,在温带大陆性气候区增温0—2℃和2—3℃时,小麦分别显著减产10.1%和15.9%。(2)亚热带季风区和温带大陆性气候区增温(0—3℃)小麦全生育期持续时间分别缩短了3.3%和7.1%,相反,在温带季风区,增温并未明显改变小麦全生育期持续时间;与此同时温带大陆性气候区和温带季风气候区的生殖期持续时间并无明显变化,而亚热带季风区小麦生殖生长持续时间却显著增加(8.7%)。(3)总体来看(季风气候区所有独立研究结果)夜间增温0—2℃和2—3℃对小麦产量有显著影响,小麦分别增产10.5%和15.0%。【结论】田间增温会显著影响中国粮食主产区小麦产量以及发育期持续时间,但不同气候区及不同时段增温对小麦生长和发育的影响不同。本研究结果可为未来气候变化新态势下中国粮食主产区种植制度优化与合理布局提供科学依据。

关键词: 持续增温, 小麦产量, 气候区, 增温时段, 增温幅度, Meta-analysis

Abstract: 【Objective】Global warming has been recognized as a key impact factor for wheat growth and development. However, the responses of wheat growth and development to warming are still remain unclear, and have not been systemically quantified in different climate regions of main wheat producing area in China. Therefore, there is a special need to systematically quantify the magnitude and mechanisms of field warming impacts on wheat yield and growing period at different periods in a day and the main climatic regions. 【Method】This study collected 21 published literatures between 1990-2017 from nationwide with the effects of field warming on wheat yield and development. In addition, the Meta-analysis was used to systemically quantify the magnitude of field warming during entire wheat growing season on wheat yield and growing period at different climate regions. 【Result】 The results indicated that: (1) Field warming (0-3 °C) significantly increased the wheat yield, thousand kernel weight, and grain number per spike under subtropical monsoon climate whose the average growth rates were 8.2%, 6.3%, and 4.7%, respectively, and significantly increased the wheat yield, spike numbers, and grain number per spike under temperate monsoon climate whose the average growth rates were 6.8%, 3.9% and 5.5%; By contrary, field warming (0-3 °C) reduced the wheat yield, thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike under temperate continental climate whose the average change rates were 10.2%, 5.9%, and 8.3%, respectively. Specifically, the wheat yield significantly were increased (8.5%) by 0-2 °C of field warming and were not significantly changed by 2-3 °C of field warming under subtropical monsoon climate; The increment of wheat yield by 2-3 °C of field warming was 14.5% under temperate monsoon climate; On the contrary, wheat yield were significantly reduced by 10.1% and 15.9% by 0-2 °C and 2-3 °C of field warming under temperate continental climate, respectively. (2) The entire duration of wheat growing period was shorten by 3.3% and 7.1% by field warming (0-3 °C) under subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate, but was not changed apparently under temperate continental climate. At the same time, the duration of wheat reproductive period in temperate monsoon climate and temperate continental climate were not changed significantly, while the duration of reproductive growth in subtropical monsoon climate was increased significantly (8.7%). (3) On the whole, though the effects of warming period in a day on wheat yield and development were varied among different climatic regions, the wheat yield were significantly increased by 10.5% and 15.0% under 0-2 °C and 2-3 °C of night warming within all climatic regions. 【Conclusion】 The effect magnitude of field warming on wheat yield and growing period was varied under different climatic regions and the period in a day. The findings of this study could provide scientific base for rational optimization and arrangement of cropping system within the main producing areas in China under new climate change situations.

Key words: continuous warming, wheat yield, climatic regions, warming period, warming degree, Meta-analysis