赤霉素对根瘤菌运移、定殖及苜蓿幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究赤霉素对荧光标记根瘤菌运移和定殖的动态及接种对甘农5号紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L. Gannong No.5）幼苗生长的影响，为增强根瘤菌向苜蓿体内尤其向繁殖器官转移并定殖的能力，促进苜蓿种植业发展提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】分别向Ensifer meliloti LZgn5f（gn5f）和Ensifer meliloti 12531f（12531f）两种根瘤菌液内添加0.5、1、10和100 mg·L^-1赤霉素，测定第1、3、5、7和9天两种根瘤菌OD₆₀₀吸光度值，同时将添加不同赤霉素的菌液分别浇灌于幼苗根部，于接种后第15、30、45和60天检测根瘤菌在根和地上各组织内运移和定殖及对苜蓿幼苗生长的情况。【结果】添加10 mg·L^-1赤霉素稍可促进12531f生长，但效果并不明显；而1 mg·L^-1赤霉素对gn5f生长初期效果较好，但随着时间的延长则无明显作用。10 mg·L^-1赤霉素促进12531f运移并定殖到下部茎、上部茎和上部叶内，1 mg·L^-1赤霉素促进gn5f运移并定殖到下部茎和下部叶内，以无菌水为对照的各组织内未检测到两种荧光标记根瘤菌。单独接种12531f和gn5f，均促进了叶绿素的形成，而添加赤霉素后接种均抑制了叶绿素的形成，但12531f添加10 mg·L^-1赤霉素、gn5f添加1 mg·L^-1赤霉素接种可使幼苗单株结瘤数、单株根瘤重、单株叶片数、株高、根长、地上干重和根干重则均达最高。其中12531f添加10 mg·L^-1赤霉素接种后苜蓿单株结瘤数分别高出对照和单独接菌处理75.71%和11.82%，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）；单株根瘤重分别高出对照和单独接菌处理1 136.11%和55.05%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；单株叶片数分别高出对照和单独接菌处理113.94%和78.28%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；株高分别高出对照和单独接菌处理83.33%和50.24%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；根长分别高出对照和单独接菌处理115.28%和29.17%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；地上干重分别高出对照和单独接菌处理214.27%和206.43%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；根干重分别高出对照和单独接菌处理1 156.19%和1 049.53%，差异显著（P＜0.05）。gn5f添加1 mg·L^-1赤霉素接种后苜蓿单株结瘤数分别高出对照和单独接菌处理82.86%和4.07%，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）；单株根瘤重分别高出对照和单独接菌处理697.22%和105.00%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；单株叶片数分别高出对照和单独接菌处理32.12%和19.13%，株高分别高出对照和单独接菌处理95.24%和37.82%，根长分别高出对照和单独接菌处理76.39%和5.83%，但各处理间均无显著差异（P＞0.05）；地上干重分别高出对照和单独接菌处理125.98%和121.80%，差异显著（P＜0.05）；根干重分别高出对照和单独接菌处理864.43%和762.21%，差异显著（P＜0.05）。【结论】分别添加10 mg·L^-1和1 mg·L^-1赤霉素后利于12531f和gn5f在苜蓿体内的运移和定殖并对结瘤、叶片生长、株高、根长、生物量均有促进作用，表明适宜赤霉素浓度可作为促进目标根瘤菌运移和定殖的方法，进而促进植株生长。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 赤霉素, 荧光标记, 根瘤菌, 运移, 定殖, 生长特性

Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of gibberellin on the migration and the colonization dynamics of the two fluorescent tagged rhizobia in Gannong No.5 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Gannong No.5) tissues, and also to determine the effects of the combination treatments on alfalfa seedlings growth, so as to the results will not only enhance the colonization ability especially in reproductive tissues, but also provide benefits for alfalfa cultivation.【Method】The effect of gibberellin on the rhizobia growth (OD₆₀₀) were detected at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 d after the day of adding gibberellin; the migration and colonization of rhizobia in alfalfa tissues of 15, 30, 45 and 60 day, and seedling growth were also investigated by drenching root with the inoculant of rhizobiaEnsifer meliloti 12531f (12531f) and Ensifer meliloti LZgn5f (gn5f), which were added with 0.5, 1, 10 and 100 mg·L^-1 gibberellin, respectively.【Result】The results showed that, under 10 mg·L^-1 and 1 mg L^-1 gibberellin level, 12531f and gn5f could grow better than other levels, but did not have significant effects. The two fluorescent tagged rhizobia could migrate to the aerial tissues and well colonize lower stems, upper stems and upper leaves by adding 10 mg·L^-1gibberellin into 12531f treatment and added 1 mg·L^-1 into gn5f treatment, respectively. The fluorescent tagged rhizobia could not be detected in the control (sterile distilled water) treatment. Inoculating 12531f and gn5f alone increased the leaf chlorophyll content, while the addition of gibberellin inhibited the leaf chlorophyll content, but the individual plant nodule number, individual plant nodule weight, individual plant leaf number, plant height, root length, aerial dry weight, and root dry weight were increased highest when added 10 mg L^-1 and 1 mg·L^-1 gibberellin into 12531f and gn5f, respectively. When 10 mg·L^-1gibberellin added into inoculant of 12531f, the individual plant nodule number was higher than that of control and single inoculated 75.71% and 11.82%, respectively, but there were no significant difference (P＞0.05). the individual plant nodule weight was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 1 136.11% and 55.05%, respectively (P＜0.05). the individual plant leaf number was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 113.94% and 78.28%, respectively (P＜0.05). the plant height was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 83.33% and 50.24%, respectively (P＜0.05). the root length was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 115.28% and 29.17%, respectively (P＜0.05). the aerial dry weight was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 214.27% and 206.43%, respectively (P＜0.05). the root dry weight was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 1 156.19% and 1 049.53%, respectively (P＜0.05). When 1 mg·L^-1 gibberellin added into inoculant of gn5f, the individual plant nodule number was higher than control and single inoculated 82.86% and 4.07%, respectively, but there were no significant difference (P＞0.05). the individual plant nodule weight was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 697.22% and 105.00%, respectively (P＜0.05). the individual plant leaf number was higher than control and single inoculated 32.12% and 19.13%, respectively. the plant height was higher than control and single inoculated 95.24% and 37.82%, respectively; the root length was higher than control and single inoculated 76.39% and 5.83%, respectively, but there were no significant difference of these data (P＞0.05). the aerial dry weight was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 125.98% and 121.80%, respectively (P＜0.05). the root dry weight was significantly higher than control and single inoculated 864.43% and 762.21%, respectively (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】These results suggest that 10 mg·L^-1 gibberellin and 1 mg·L^-1gibberellin promote the migration and colonization of 12531f and gn5f in alfalfa seedling, also enhance the number of nodules and leaves, and promote the growth of plant height, root length and biomass, indicating that suitable gibberellin might be exploited to promote the migration and colonization of rhizobia in alfalfa tissue and positively impact growth and yield.

Key words: Medicago sativa, gibberellin;fluorescent tagged, rhizobia, migration, colonization, growth characteristic

苗阳阳，师尚礼，康文娟. 赤霉素对根瘤菌运移、定殖及苜蓿幼苗生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(23): 4545-4557.

MIAO YangYang, SHI ShangLi, KANG WenJuan. Effects of Gibberellin on Migration and Colonization of Rhizobia and Seedling Growth of Alfalfa[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(23): 4545-4557.

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