真空与乳酸钙处理对双孢蘑菇采后贮藏品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.14.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同浓度乳酸钙溶液对双孢蘑菇采后贮藏品质的影响，并引入真空促渗技术，为双孢蘑菇采后减损提供基础理论依据，并为优化双孢蘑菇贮藏条件提供技术支持。【方法】以‘4607’双孢蘑菇品种为试材，研究乳酸钙溶液浓度（0.016、0.032、0.048和0.064 mol·L^-1）、真空度（0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07和0.09 MPa）、处理时间（0.5、1、2、3和5 min）等单因素对低温贮藏（2±1）℃双孢蘑菇白度的影响；同时对处理条件进行正交优化，运用色差仪和CO₂分析仪等设备，分析最佳处理条件下的双孢蘑菇在贮藏期间生理生化指标及品质变化。【结果】在单因素条件下，筛选出合适的乳酸钙溶液浓度为0.032 mol·L^-1和0.048 mol·L^-1，真空度为0.05 MPa，处理时间为1—2 min；正交优化的最佳处理条件是乳酸钙浓度0.048 mol·L^-1，真空度0.05 MPa，真空度处理时间2 min；在最佳处理条件的贮藏期内，相较于空白对照组，乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透组均可有效减缓双孢蘑菇生理生化指标变化及保持较好品质，但是，在一些指标上，乳酸钙真空渗透组显著优于乳酸钙处理组。与乳酸钙处理组相比，在0—9 d，白度值降低不显著（P＞0.05），在9—15 d，乳酸钙真空渗透处理组效果优于乳酸钙处理组（P＜0.05）。乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透处理组的双孢蘑菇均在第6 天达到呼吸高峰，将呼吸高峰推迟了3 d，但乳酸钙真空渗透处理组呼吸强度显著低于乳酸钙处理组（P＜0.05）。乳酸钙真空渗透处理组的失重率低于乳酸钙处理组，但两者无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透处理组，从贮藏第6 天之后分别有开伞现象明显增加和开始开伞，在6—15 d，乳酸钙真空渗透处理组显著低于乳酸钙处理组（P＜0.05）。乳酸钙处理组和乳酸钙真空渗透处理组均可有效抑制膜透性的增大，在3—15 d，乳酸钙真空渗透处理组效果优于乳酸钙处理组（P＜0.05）。乳酸钙真空渗透处理组的双孢蘑菇丙二醛（MDA）积累量处于较低水平，低于乳酸钙处理组（P＜0.05）。乳酸钙真空处理组在0—6 d，多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性处于较低水平，与乳酸钙处理组不显著（P ＞0.05），在6—15 d，与乳酸钙处理组差异显著（P＜0.05）。【结论】乳酸钙真空渗透处理可有效保持双孢蘑菇白度，抑制呼吸强度、减弱开伞率和失重率，降低细胞膜透性、MDA积累量和PPO活性。真空渗透技术可辅助用于双孢蘑菇保鲜处理，较好地保持双孢蘑菇贮藏品质。

关键词: 双孢蘑菇, 乳酸钙, 真空渗透, 贮藏, 品质

Abstract: 【Objective】This study is aimed at investigating the effect of concentration of calcium lactate solution on the physiological and biochemical quality during postharvest of Agaricus bisporus by using the technology of vacuum infiltration and its optimization, so as to provide the guidance for storage conditions, a theoretical basis for postharvest loss and application of techniques for storage of Agaricus bisporus.【Method】 The mushroom of A. bisporus variety ‘4607’ were stored at (2±1)℃ and the effect of concentration of calcium lactate solution (0.016, 0.032, 0.048 and 0.064 mol·L^-1), vacuum degree (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 MPa) and processing time (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 min) were determined as a single factor on the effect of browning degree. At the same time, processing conditions were optimized for orthogonality, and physiological and biochemical quality changes were obtained during storage of A. bisporus by using chromatic meter, CO₂ analyzer and other equipments.【Result】Under the condition of a single factor, the appropriate concentration of calcium lactate solution was 0.032 mol·L^-1 and 0.048 mol·L^-1, the vacuum degree was 0.05 MPa, and the processing time was 1-2 min. The best condition of orthogonal optimization was 0.048 mol·L^-1 calcium lactate solution, 0.05 MPa vacuum degree and 2 min vacuum processing time. During storage of orthogonal optimization, compared with the control group, A. bisporus in the calcium lactate treatment group and calcium lactate vacuum infiltration group could be effectively alleviated in physiological and biochemical index change and kept in good quality. However, for some indexes, calcium lactate vacuum infiltration group was significantly better than that of calcium lactate processing group. Compared with calcium lactate treatment group, during storage of 0-9 d, there was no significant difference in decrease of whiteness values between two groups (P＞0.05), and effect of calcium lactate vacuum infiltration treatment was obviously better than that of calcium lactate treatment group from 9 to 15 d (P＜0.05). Both the treatment groups of A. bisporus reached respiratory peak in 6 d, the breath peak was postponed for 3 d, and calcium lactate vacuum infiltration treatment was lower than that of calcium lactate group (P＜0.05). Weight loss rate of calcium lactate vacuum infiltration group was lower than that of calcium lactate treatment group, but there was no significant difference (P＞0.05). Cap opening rate of both the treatment groups increased significantly and began to open respectively, delayed cap opening rate during storage of 6 d. During 6-15 d, calcium lactate vacuum infiltration treatment group was significantly lower than that of calcium lactate treatment group (P＜0.05). Both the treatment groups could effectively restrain the increase of membrane permeability, and calcium lactate vacuum infiltration treatment group remained better than that of calcium lactate during 3-15 d (P＜0.05). Malondialdehyde accumulation of calcium lactate vacuum infiltration treatment group was at a lower level, and also was lower than that of calcium lactate treatment group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in PPO activity between the two treatment groups (P＞0.05) from 0 to 6 d, and significantly different during 6-15 d (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】Calcium lactate vacuum infiltration treatment could retain whiteness better, inhibit respiration intensity, open umbrella rate and weight loss rate, and reduce the cell membrane permeability, MDA accumulation and PPO activity. Vacuum infiltration technology can be used as an auxiliary method in A. bisporus preservation, and can better keep the storage quality of agaricus bisporus.

Key words: Agaricus bisporus, calcium lactate, vacuum infiltration, storage, qualities

陈丽娟，王赵改，杨慧，张乐，王晓敏，史冠莹. 真空与乳酸钙处理对双孢蘑菇采后贮藏品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(14): 2818-2826.

CHEN Li-juan, WANG Zhao-gai, YANG Hui, ZHANG Le, WANG Xiao-min, SHI Guan-ying. Effects of Calcium Salts Based on Vacuum Infiltration on Quality of Postharvest Agaricus bisporus[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(14): 2818-2826.

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