基于SNP遗传图谱定位甘蓝型油菜千粒重QTL位点

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.20.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】甘蓝型油菜籽粒重量是构成油菜单株产量的三大因素之一（单株有效角果数、每角果粒数、粒重），是重要的育种目标。通过对5种环境下甘蓝型油菜千粒重进行QTL定位分析，寻找甘蓝型油菜千粒重的QTL及影响本甘蓝型油菜群体千粒重的候选基因。【方法】利用重组自交系群体在德国吉森、重庆北碚5种不同的环境下，测定各株系天然种子千粒重。利用重庆市油菜工程技术研究中心实验室构建的SNP高密度遗传图谱扫描5种环境中的千粒重QTL。该遗传图谱包括2 795个SNP位点，覆盖甘蓝型油菜基因组1 832.9 cM，标记之间的平均距离为0.66 cM。利用Windows QTL Cartographer2.5复合区间作图法对千粒重进行QTL定位。将49个拟南芥粒重相关基因与QTL对应置信区间序列进行同源比较分析（E值<1E^–21），找出可能与甘蓝型油菜千粒重关联的候选基因。【结果】5种环境中千粒重变异范围较大，且均呈现正态分布，符合QTL定位要求。在5种环境之间千粒重均表现出正相关，其中，2013北碚与2012北碚、2008年吉森达到极显著水平，相关系数分别为0.248和0.249；2012年北碚与2010年北碚、2011年北碚及2008年吉森达到显著相关，相关系数分别为0.226、0.397和0.190。5种环境中共检测到14个QTL，分布在9条染色体，其中，C03染色体3个，A06、A07和C01各有2个，A03、A05、A08、A10和C02染色体上各有1个，LOD值在2.57—6.05，单个QTL解释的表型变异为4.64%—14.13%。与拟南芥粒重基因进行同源性分析，有16个粒重相关基因落在8个QTL置信区间，匹配E值介于0—2E^-21。其中QTL qTSWA07-2区间内筛出7个粒重基因。粒重基因TTG2在qTSWA03-1与qTSWC02-1 2个QTL区间内均被检测到。AHK3在qTSWA07-2、qTSWA08-1与qTSWC01-1区间内被检测到。【结论】利用该套油菜60K芯片准确定位了5种环境条件千粒重的QTL位点，与拟南芥粒重基因比对出该群体油菜粒重基因，该结果有利于不同材料在使用该套SNP芯片分析及对千粒重QTL位点的比对和候选基因的分析。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 单核苷酸多态性, 遗传图谱, 粒重, 数量性状位点

Abstract: 【Objective】 Yield is the most complex trait in crops. It is directly determined by three yield-component traits (seed weight, pod number and seed number per pod). Increase of seed weight of rapeseed is the objective for breeding and genetic research. QTL mapping of seed weight in Brassica napus under five environments was conducted by using the high density SNP genetic map. which was constructed by the rape engineering technology research center of chongqing【Method】The reference SNP genetic map contains 2 795 SNP markers, covering 1 832.9 cM of B. napus genome, and an average distance of adjacent marker is 0.66 cM. QTL mapping of seed weight was conducted by composite interval mapping using software Windows QTL Cartographer. In order to find out the candidate genes with seed weight in B. napus, 49 genes associated with seed weight were collected in Arabidopsis thaliana and the homology region was searched using blastn in the QTL confidence interval with the E value<1E^–21. 【Result】 Larger ranges in five environments were detected, and the seed weight in five environments presented gaussian distribution, conforming the requirements of the QTL mapping. Trait analysis indicated that the seed weight among five environments was positively correlated at different levels. The seed weight in the environment of 2013 in Beibei showed a positive correlation with the seed weight in 2012 in Beibei and in 2008 in Giessen, and the correlation coefficients were 0.248 and 0.249, respectively. The seed weight in the environment of 2012 in Beibei showed a significant positive correlation with the seed weight in 2010 in Beibei, 2011 in Beibei and 2008 in Giessen, and the correlation coefficients were 0.226, 0.397 and 0.19, respectively. Fourteen QTLs located on 9 chromosomes were detected in five environments. And the LOD value ranged from 2.56 to 6.05. The QTL accounted for the phenotype variation from 4.64% to 14.13%. The genetic map and physical map comparison discovered that sixteen seed weight genes located on eight QTL’s confidence interval. Seven seed weight genes were detected in QTL qTSWA07-2, and the TTG2 gene was found in both qTSWA03-1 and qTSWC02-12. Interestingly, AHK3 was detected in three QTLs, namely qTSWA07-2, qTSWA08-1 and qTSWC01-1.【Conclusion】The seed weight QTL under five environments were mapped with a new set of rapeseed 60K chip array, and the mapping results are helpful to the seed weight QTL comparison in different materials based on the same rapeseed 60K chip array and the candidate gene analysis.

Key words: Brasscia napus, SNP, genetic map, seed weight, QTL

荐红举，魏丽娟，李超，唐章林，李加纳，刘列钊. 基于SNP遗传图谱定位甘蓝型油菜千粒重QTL位点[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(20): 3953-3961.

JIAN Hong-ju, WEI Li-juan, LI Chao, TANG Zhang-lin, LI Jia-na, LIU Lie-zhao. QTL Mapping of 1000-Seed Weight in Brassica napus by Using the High Density SNP Genetic Map[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(20): 3953-3961.

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