中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (15): 3103-3111.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.15.020

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果褐斑病潜育动态

 雍道敬, 李保华, 张延安, 王彩霞, 董向丽, 郭长飞   

  1. 青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院/山东省植物病虫害综合防控重点实验室,山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-26 出版日期:2014-08-01 发布日期:2014-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 李保华,E-mail:Baohuali@qau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:雍道敬,E-mail:yongdaojing@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28)、山东省泰山学者建设工程专项

Temporal Incubation Dynamic of Apple Leaf Brown Spot Caused by Diplocarpon mali

 YONG  Dao-Jing, LI  Bao-Hua, ZHANG  Yan-An, WANG  Cai-Xia, DONG  Xiang-Li, GUO  Chang-Fei   

  1. College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University/Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, Shandong
  • Received:2014-01-26 Online:2014-08-01 Published:2014-04-02

摘要: 【目的】褐斑病是导致苹果早期落叶的主要病害。研究旨在通过调查褐斑病的流行规律,为制定综合防治方案提供理论依据。【方法】2011和2012年,将褐斑病菌(Diplocarpon mali)分生孢子悬浮液分4—6次喷雾接种于富士苹果各龄期的叶片,接种后观测记录每个接种叶片第1个病斑出现的时间,每3 d观测一次,依此计算褐斑病在富士叶片上的平均潜育期、最短潜育期和显症历期。接种期间用全自动气象站,每30 min记录接种苹果树附近的气温、降雨量和相对湿度。【结果】苹果褐斑病在富士苹果叶片上的平均潜育期23.8 d;最短潜育期为8—20 d,平均为13.6 d;显症历期为12—54 d,平均为31.3 d。在显症历期内,不同的时期显症病斑数不同。6、7月份接种叶片比8月份接种叶片的最短潜育期和显症历期长。防雨棚内培育叶片的最短潜育期和显症历期长于自然条件下培育的叶片的最短潜育期和显症历期。苹果褐斑病在基部老龄叶片上潜育期短,在代谢旺盛的梢部叶片上潜育期长。苹果生长前期(6、7月份)接种叶片的潜育期显著的长于生长后期(8、9月份)接种叶片的潜育期。【结论】苹果褐斑病的显症是一个动态的过程,其潜育时间和显症历期都相对较长。除取决于病原与寄主的组合外,苹果褐斑病潜育时间和显症历期的长短主要受叶片龄期、衰老程度和生理状态,即叶片抗病性的影响。6—9月份是苹果褐斑病的主要发病期,在此期间气温对褐斑病潜育期的影响不大,而降雨和高湿能促进病斑显症。在褐斑病菌侵染后的15 d,甚至20 d内,使用内吸治疗性杀菌剂能抑制绝大部分潜育期病斑发病。

关键词: 苹果 , 苹果褐斑病 , 苹果双壳孢 , 潜育期 , 显症历期

Abstract: 【Objective】 Leaf brown spot caused by Diplocarpon mali is the main disease causing defoliation of apple tree in early season. In order to understand the epidemics and design programs to control the disease, temporal incubation dynamics of the disease were examined. 【Method】 Fuji apple leaves at different ages were inoculated with conidia of D. mali for 4-6 times from June to September in 2011 and 2012. Disease development on each inoculated leaf was examined every 3 days after inoculation. Duration from the day of inoculation to the day that the first disease lesion appeared on each leaf, which was defined the incubation period of the leaves, was recorded. Average incubation period, the shortest incubation period and lesions development duration of the disease were calculated from the data. Temperature, rainfall and relative humidity near inoculated trees were recorded at 30 min intervals during the experiment period with automatic meteorological station. 【Result】 Average incubation period of the disease was 23.8 d, the shortest incubation period was 8-20 d with the mean of 13.6 d and the symptom development duration, from the first lesion was observed to last inoculated leaf showing symptoms, was 12-54 d with mean of 31.3 d. The shortest incubation period and the symptom development duration of the disease on the leaves inoculated in June and July were longer than those inoculated in August, as well as on the leaves incubated in indoor were much longer than those incubated in outdoor. Incubation period of the disease was shorter on aged leaves than on young leaves of head at vigorous physiological metabolic stage. The incubation period of the disease on leaves incubated at the early stage of growth (from June to July) was much longer than those incubated at the later stage of growth (from August to September). 【Conclusion】 Symptoms development of apple leaf brown spot was a dynamic process. The incubation period and the disease development duration were relatively longer than other diseases on apple leaves. Incubation period and symptom development duration depended mainly upon the combination of pathogen and the host and largely upon the leaf resistance, which affected by age, degree of senescence and vigorousness of metabolism of the leaf. During the main epidemic stages of the diseased, which occurred from June to September, temperature did not show significant impact on the incubation period of apple leaf brown spot. However, the rain and wetted environment could promote the pathogen sporulation and latent lesions to develop to visible lesions. According to the results, 15 days, even 20 days, after infected by pathogen, systemic fungicides could effectively prevent most infected pathogen developed to disease lesions.

Key words: apple , apple leaf brown spot , Diplocarpon mali , incubation period , symptom development duration