露地栽培条件下百合的生长规律及种球繁殖技术

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究露地条件下2个类群百合的生长发育规律及其相应的种球繁殖栽培技术措施，为百合种球的高效、低成本、规模化种球生产以及景观栽培应用提供参考。【方法】本试验以卷丹（Lilium lancifolium）和Lilium ‘Yelloween’为材料，在对其进行物候期及形态发育的观测基础上，运用logistic方程和指数方程对株高和花蕾所实测数据进行曲线拟合，构建其生长发育模型，并研究摘蕾、行栽植方向及栽植密度等技术措施试验对种球重量和周径增加值的影响。【结果】卷丹所需活动积温达4 256℃，而‘Yelloween’所需积温仅为4 981.5℃。卷丹的植株高生长方程为：y=97.5949/(1+e^-(x-62.6822)/22.8819)；花蕾直径的生长方程为：y=0.1578e^(0.0358x)；花蕾长度生长方程为：y=90.2066/(1+e^-(x-117.1807)/8.7295)，均符合logistic曲线规律；‘Yelloween’的植株高生长方程为：y=70.3771/(1+e^-(x-19.1133)/9.5840)；花蕾直径的生长方程为：y=41.2215/(1+e^-(x-65.9236)/17.1028)；花蕾长度生长方程为：y=158.9531/(1+e^-(x-62.9011)/9.7562)，符合或近似于指数函数的增长模型。卷丹以不摘蕾效果最好，鳞茎鲜重均值为87.59g;‘Yelloween’开花当天摘蕾对种球生长效果最佳，鳞茎鲜重均值达89.71g；南北向栽植对株高和茎粗略有提高，但是差异并不显著；‘Yelloween’最佳种植密度为株行距10 cm×20 cm，产量可达26 936 kg/667m2，如果结合摘蕾结果，种球周径可较栽种前增加3个种球等级，均值达到18.93cm。【结论】2个百合品种的高生长以及卷丹花蕾直径的生长规律符合logistic曲线规律，‘Yelloween’花蕾直径符合或近似于指数函数的增长模型。卷丹以不摘蕾、‘Yelloween’以开花当天摘蕾种球的生长效果最佳；结合适宜的种植密度、行种植方向采用南北向，种球周径可增殖2—3个等级。

关键词: 百合 , 露地栽培 , 生长模型 , 摘蕾 , 种植密度

Abstract: 【Objective】 The growth regularity and bulb propagation techniques of the 2 lily groups under the open conditions was studied in order to provide reference for highly efficiency, low cost, large-scale production and landscape planting application.【Method】Using Lilium lancifolium, Lilium ‘Yelloween’as materials, the phenophase and the morphology were observed, curve of the measured data of plant height and bud was fitted by logistic equation and exponential equation, the growth model was constructed, meanwhile, the bud picking experience was designed, planting direction and planting density were studied to find out the growth effect of the bulb. 【Result】 The result showed that, there was a big difference between L. lancifolium and ‘Yelloween’on the phenophase. L. lancifolium bloomed later, needed higher active accumulated temperature which was 4 256℃, but ‘Yelloween’ needed only about 4 981.5℃. For L. lancifolium, the plant height equation was y=97.5949/(1+e^-(x-62.6822)/22.8819), the diameter equation was y=0.1578e^(0.0358x), the length equation was y=90.2066/(1+e^-(x-117.1807)/8.7295), which were accorded with logistic equation. For ‘Yelloween’, the plant height equation was y=70.3771/(1+e^-(x-19.1133)/9.5840), the bud’s diameter equation was y=41.2215/(1+e^-(x-65.9236)/17.1028), bud length equation was y=158.9531/(1+e^-(x-62.9011)/9.7562), which were accorded or similar with the exponential equation. The bud picking experience showed that picked the bud on the blooming day achieved the best effect on ‘Yelloween’, the average fresh weight of bulb was 89.71 g, and 18.93 cm in bulb circumference, no bud picking was the best way for L. lancifolium, with the average fresh weight of bulb was 87.59 g. Planted in NS-trending direction increased the height and steam diameter slight. The best planting spacing of ‘Yelloween’was 10 cm×20 cm, then the production was 26 936 kg per 667 m2, which was considered as the best yield, then the bulb circumference could increase by 3 grades if combined with the bud picking result.【Conclusion】Height growth regularity of the 2 lilies and the buds’ diameter growth regularity conformed to logistic curve, while the buds’ diameter regularity of ‘Yelloween’ conformed or similar to the exponential equation. No bud picking was the best for L. lancifolium,while picking buds on the blooming day was best for ‘Yelloween’, combined the appropriate planting density with NS-trending direction planting , the bulb circumference could increase by 2 to 3 grades.

Key words: lily , open cultivation , growth model , bud picking , planting density

王莹1, 2, 3, 王良桂3, 黄成名4, 李玉帆1, 3, 袁素霞1, 刘春1, 明军1. 露地栽培条件下百合的生长规律及种球繁殖技术[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(8): 1558-1566.

WANG Ying-1, 2 , 3 , WANG Liang-Gui-3, HUANG Cheng-Ming-4, LI Yu-Fan-1, 3 , YUAN Su-Xia-1, LIU Chun-1, MING Jun-1. Growth Regularity and Bulb Propagation Techniques of Lilies in Open Field[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(8): 1558-1566.

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