中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1427-1437.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.07.020

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇    下一篇

植物甾醇对肉仔鸡的生物安全性评价

 王黎文2, 江勇1, 解竞静1, 吕林1, 张丽阳1, 索海青1, 罗绪刚1   

  1. 1、中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193;
    2、全国畜牧总站,北京 100125
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-07 出版日期:2014-04-01 发布日期:2014-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 罗绪刚,Tel:010-62816012;E-mail:wlysz@263.net
  • 作者简介:王黎文,Tel:010-59194650;E-mail:wangliwen2001@sohu.com;江勇,Tel:010-62816012;E-mail:yongj986@hotmail.com。王黎文和江勇为同等贡献作者
  • 基金资助:

    农业部饲料质量安全监管项目、中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS08)资助项目

Evaluation of the Biological Safety of Phytosterols for Broilers

 WANG  Li-Wen-2, JIANG  Yong-1, JIE  Jing-Jing-1, 吕Lin-1 , ZHANG  Li-Yang-1, SUO  Hai-Qing-1, LUO  Xu-Gang-1   

  1. 1、Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193;
    2、China National Animal Husbandry Service Station, Beijing 100125
  • Received:2013-04-07 Online:2014-04-01 Published:2014-01-17

摘要: 【目的】研究饲粮添加不同植物甾醇水平对1—21和22—42日龄AA肉仔鸡生长性能、血液生理指标、血浆生化指标及对42日龄肉仔鸡器官发育和组织病理学变化的影响,从而评价植物甾醇对肉仔鸡饲用的生物安全性。【方法】试验采用单因子完全随机设计。选用240只1日龄AA肉仔鸡(公母各半),按平均体重随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组60只鸡(公母各半),分为6个重复笼饲养,每个重复笼10只鸡,公母各5只。分别饲喂含植物甾醇300 mg•kg-1 的基础饲粮和在基础饲粮中分别添加植物甾醇为80、400和800 mg•kg-1的试验饲粮。试验期为42 d,分为两个阶段:1—21日龄和22—42日龄。用SAS9.0软件中一般线性模型对试验数据进行方差分析。【结果】饲粮添加植物甾醇对肉仔鸡前期(1—21日龄)日增重、采食量、耗料增重比和死亡率及对肉仔鸡后期(22—42日龄)日增重、耗料增重比和死亡率无显著影响(P>0.05),但对肉仔鸡后期的采食量有显著影响(P<0.05),400 mg•kg-1处理组肉仔鸡后期的采食量明显低于对照组和80 mg•kg-1添加组(P<0.05);饲粮中添加植物甾醇对21日龄肉仔鸡多数血浆生化指标和42日龄肉仔鸡生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05),但对21日龄血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶活性和肌酐浓度有显著影响(P<0.05),添加800 mg•kg-1植物甾醇显著提高21日龄肉仔鸡血浆总蛋白、白蛋白浓度和谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05);添加400 mg•kg-1植物甾醇降低21日龄肉仔鸡血浆肌酐浓度(P<0.05);饲粮中添加植物甾醇除对42日龄肉仔鸡胰脏相对重量有显著影响外(P<0.05),对其他器官相对重量无显著影响(P>0.05),80和400 mg•kg-1添加组42日龄鸡胰脏相对重量明显高于对照组(P<0.05);饲粮中添加植物甾醇对21日龄和42日龄肉仔鸡血红蛋白浓度和红细胞压积无显著影响(P>0.05)。另外,42日龄肉仔鸡的重要器官均未观测到组织病理学变化。【结论】饲粮添加80—800 mg•kg-1的植物甾醇水平对肉仔鸡多数生长性能指标、血液主要生理指标、血浆系列生化指标和脏器发育均无不良影响,鸡只均未出现毒性反应;因此,在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中的本底植物甾醇含量约为300 mg•kg-1的条件下,肉仔鸡饲粮中植物甾醇的最高添加量定为80 mg•kg-1,即饲粮中总植物甾醇含量为400 mg•kg-1对肉仔鸡饲用是安全的。

关键词: 植物甾醇 , 生物安全性 , 肉仔鸡

Abstract: 【Objective】An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary phytosterol level on growth performance, hematology, plasma biochemical traits, weight or length indices of organs, and histopathological changes of Arbor Acres broilers during periods of days 1-21 and 22-42 to evaluate the biological safety of phytosterols for broilers chicks. 【Method】A total of 240 1-d-old broilers (half male and half female) were randomly allocated by bodyweight to one of four treatments with six replicate cages of ten broilers (half male and half female) per cage. Birds were fed the phytosterol-unsupplemented diet with background about 300 mg•kg-1 of total phytosterol or the basal diet supplemented with 80, 400, or 800 mg•kg-1 phytosterols for an experimental duration of 42 days, and which was divided into two periods: start period from day 1 to 21 and growth period from day 22 to 42. Data from the experiment were analyzed by the general liner model procedure of SAS 9.0. 【Result】 Results showed that body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and mortality from the starter period and weight gain, feed conversion and mortality from growth period were not affected (P>0.05) by the addition of phytosterols in diets, but birds fed the diet supplemented with 400 mg•kg-1 phytosterols had lower (P<0.05) feed intake during growth period compared with the control group or the group supplemented with 80 mg•kg-1 phytosterols; most of biochemistry parameters in chicks from start period and all of biochemistry parameters from growth period were not affected by the addition of phytosterols in diets in the growth period, but which affected the concentration of total protein, album, and creatine, and alanine transaminase activity in plasma on day 21, and the total protein and album concentrations and alanine transaminase activity in plasma on day 21 increased (P<0.05) when birds were fed the diet supplemented with 800 mg•kg-1 phytosterol. The addition of 400 mg•kg-1 phytosterol reduced (P<0.05) the plasma creatine concentration on day 21. The relative weight of organ was not affected (P>0.05) by the addition of phytosterols in diets except for pancreas, and the relative weight of pancreas on day 42 was significantly (P<0.05) increased by the addition of 80 or 400 mg•kg-1 phytosterols. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in blood physiological among all treatment groups in the experimental period. No pathological changes in heart, liver, lung, kidney, and pancreas were observed among all phytosterol treatment groups at the end of the experiment. 【Conclusion】 Phytosterols added in diets at 80 to 800 mg•kg-1 have no significant effect on growth performance, hematology, plasma biochemical traits, and the development of organs, and there are no toxic response in broilers. So when corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 300 mg•kg-1 of phytosterols, the upper limitation of added phytosterols at 80 mg•kg-1 (containing about 400 mg•kg-1 total phytosterols ) in the corn-soybean meal diet would be safe for broilers.

Key words: phytosterols , biological safety , broilers