中国农业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (17): 3659-3668.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.17.015

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同装烟方式对烤烟烘烤烟叶品质和安全性的影响

 武圣江1, 潘文杰1, 宫长荣2, 耿召良1, 孙福山3, 雷波1, 赵会纳1, 谢已书1   

  1. 1.贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳 550081
    2.河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州 450002
    3.中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业部烟草生物学与加工重点 实验室,山东青岛 266101
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-18 出版日期:2013-09-01 发布日期:2013-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者谢已书,E-mail:yishuxie@sina.com
  • 作者简介:武圣江,E-mail:wushengjiang1210@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家烟草专卖局重点项目(110201101002-TS-02-20110016)、贵州省烟草专卖局项目(201023,201315)

Effect of Different Loading Methods on the Tobacco Quality and Safety During Flue-Curing

 WU  Sheng-Jiang-1, PAN  Wen-Jie-1, GONG  Chang-Rong-2, GENG  Zhao-Liang-1, SUN  Fu-Shan-3, LEI  Bo-1, ZHAO  Hui-Na-1, XIE  Yi-Shu-1   

  1. 1.Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081
    2.College of Tobacco Science, He’nan Agricultural University,   Zhengzhou 450002
    3.Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, Shandong
  • Received:2013-03-18 Online:2013-09-01 Published:2013-06-27

摘要: 【目的】探讨装烟方式和烤烟中烟叶品质形成的机理,进一步提高烤烟烘烤烟叶质量和安全性。【方法】研究普通挂竿(T1)、密集挂竿(T2)和散叶插扦(T3)烘烤过程中烟叶水分、类胡萝卜素和叶表提取物组分含量的变化,分析烤后烟叶主要化学成分、中性香味物质、烟气有害成分含量及感官质量的差异。【结果】烘烤中T3处理烟叶失水较慢,48—72 h与T2处理差异显著(P<0.05)。T3处理烘烤中烟叶β-胡萝卜素与叶黄素含量降幅分别为62.91%和69.45%,大于T1(57.59%、65.19%)和T2处理(57.59%、60.31%),烤后烟叶含量最低。T1和T3处理烤后烟叶腺毛分泌物含量较高,损失率分别为8.82%和10.52%,T2处理含量最低,损失率为54.05%;T3处理烤后烟叶表面烷烃类含量最高,损失率为13.80%,T2处理最低,损失率为58.91%。T3处理烤后烟叶糖碱比值(10.67)较适宜,感官评吸分值(60.75分)和中性香味物质含量最高(1 186.65 μg•g-1)。不同处理烤后烟叶烟气羰基化合物含量大小表现为:T3(1 034.08 μg•cig-1)<T1(1 144.76 μg•cig-1)<T2(1 251.19 μg•cig-1),其中T1和T2差异显著(P<0.05);烟气酚类物质含量大小表现为:T3(149.93 μg•cig-1)<T2(157.71 μg•cig-1)<T1(175.60 μg•cig-1)。T3处理巴豆醛、CO和苯并[a]芘含量最低;T2和T3处理HCN含量较低,且显著低于T1处理(P<0.05)。【结论】与T1和T2相比,T3处理烘烤中烟叶失水较慢,类胡萝卜素降解较充分,烤后烟叶化学成分更协调,香味物质含量和感官评价分值较高,烟气有害成分含量较低,烤后烟叶质量综合评价最佳。

关键词: 烤烟 , 密集烘烤 , 装烟方式 , 品质 , 安全性

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to discuss the formation mechanism of flue-cured tobacco quality and further improve tobacco quality and tobacco safety, the curing effect under different loading methods (T1: natural ventilation type curing; T2: hanging-pole bulk curing; T3: sticking leave bulk curing which is a kind of loose leaves bulk curing while tobacco leaves are stuck by skewer) was studied.【Method】Changes of moisture, carotenoids and cuticular components content of tobacco leaves during flue-curing, and the difference of the main chemical composition, neutral aroma components, smoke harmful ingredients content and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves under different loading methods were studied.【Result】The results showed that T3 had a higher moisture content than T2 at 48-72 h (P<0.05). In terms of plastid pigment, T3 decreasing range of β-carotene and lutein content were 62.91% and 69.45%, higher than T1 (57.59% and 65.19%) and T2 (57.59% and 60.31%). T3 had a lower pigments content than T1 and T2 at the end of curing. In terms of cuticular components, T1 and T3 had a higher trichome exudates content than T2, and T1-T3 loss rate of trichome exudates were 8.82%, 54.05% and 10.52%, respectively. T3 had the highest alkanes content and its loss rate was 13.80% while T2 had the lowest alkanes content and its loss rate was 58.91%. Compared with T1 and T2, T3 had the highest neutral aroma components content (1 186.65 μg•g-1), a more coordinated chemical composition and higher score value (60.75 points) of sensory quality. In terms of smoke harmful ingredients content, the total carbonyl compound content of different treatments showed that T3 (1 034.08 μg•cig-1)<T1 (1 144.76 μg•cig-1)<T2 (1 251.19 μg•cig-1), and there was a significant difference between T1 and T2 (P<0.05). The total smoke phenols content of tobacco leaves under different loading methods showed that T3 (149.93 μg•cig-1) <T2 (157.71 μg•cig-1)<T1 (175.60 μg•cig-1). At the same time, T3 had the lowest content of crotonaldehyde, CO, and benzo[a]pyrene. Compared with T1, T2 and T3 had a lower content of HCN (P<0.05).【Conclusion】Compared with T1 and T2, T3 had a slower dehydration speed of tobacco leaves during flue-curing, a lower carotenoid and smoke harmful ingredients content, and a higher cuticular components and neutral aroma components content, a more coordinated chemical composition and a higher score value of sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Comprehensive evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco quality under different loading methods, T3 was the best.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco , bulk flue-curing , loading methods , quality , safety