沼液施用对辣椒疫病的防治效果及对土壤生物学特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用连续3季的盆栽试验，研究等氮下，50%猪粪、牛粪及其沼液N替代比例配合化肥施用对辣椒疫病的防治效果及土壤酶活性的影响，并采用PCR-DGGE方法研究土壤微生物区系的变化。【结果】猪粪沼液配合施用化肥对辣椒疫病防治效果最好（平均防治效果为79.3%），其次为牛粪沼液（平均防治效果为38.5%），施用猪粪、牛粪对辣椒疫病无显著防治效果；2种沼液处理辣椒生物量显著高于猪粪、牛粪处理及阴性对照处理；施用猪粪沼液处理土壤荧光素二乙酸酯（FDA）水解酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性及多酚氧化酶活性分别比阴性对照高出3.44倍、66.7%和76.7%。此外，2种沼液处理均可增加根际土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌、荧光假单胞菌及木霉的数量，提高土壤细菌、真菌的多样性指数。【结论】猪粪沼液对辣椒疫病的防治效果较好，体现出良好的农用价值。调控土壤微生物群落结构、提高土壤肥力可能是其抑制植物土传病害的机制之一。曹云，常志州，马艳，杨豪，付广青（江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所农业废弃物资源化工程技术研究中心，南京210014）摘要：

关键词: 沼液 , 土壤生物学特性 , 辣椒疫病 , 畜禽粪便 , 微生物区系

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of application of anaerobically digested slurry (ADS) on reduction of the incidence of Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper and soil biological characteristics. The potential mechanisms of plant disease suppression by ADS application was also proposed. 【Method】 Three consecutive batches of pot experiment were carried out to study the control of Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper by substitution of 50% N input with raw pig slurry, raw dairy slurry, anaerobically digested pig and dairy slurry. The variations in activities of soil enzymes were analyzed. And the changes in soil microbial diversities and microbial structures were studied by PCR-DGGE.【Result】Application of anaerobically digested pig slurry resulted in the best control efficacy against pepper blight and the disease incidence rate was decreased by 79.3%, followed by combined application of anaerobically digested dairy slurry with chemical fertilizer (38.5% of control efficacy). Application of raw pig and dairy slurry had no significant suppressive effect on pepper blight. Plants treated by anaerobically digested pig and dairy slurry showed significantly higher shoot biomass of pepper plants than those treated by corresponding slurry and negative control. The fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase activity, catalase activity and polyphenol oxidase activity of soil treated by anaerobically digested pig slurry were 3.44-fold, 66.7% and 76.7% higher than those of positive control, respectively. In addition, application of ADS significantly increased the numbers of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and antagonistic microorganisms including Pseudomonas fluorescents and Tricoderma spp.. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the bacterial and fungal diversities in the ADS treatments were improved. 【Conclusion】 The combined application of anaerobically digested pig slurry with chemical fertilizer obtained great achievement in reducing pepper blight incidence and had immense potential in agricultural production. Regulation of microbial diversity in rhizosphere and improvement of soil fertility might be one of the possible mechanisms on disease suppression of pepper blight by ADS application.

Key words: anaerobically digested slurry , soil biological characteristics , pepper blight , animal manure , microflora

曹云, 常志州, 马艳, 杨豪, 付广青. 沼液施用对辣椒疫病的防治效果及对土壤生物学特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(3): 507-516.

CAO Yun, CHANG Zhi-Zhou, MA Yan, YANG Hao, FU Guang-Qing. Effects of Application of Anaerobically Digested Slurry on Suppression of Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Blight and Soil Biological Characteristics[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(3): 507-516.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.03.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2013/V46/I3/507

参考文献

[1]黄鸿翔, 李书田, 李向林, 姚杰, 曹卫东, 王敏, 刘荣乐. 我国有机肥的现状与发展前景分析. 土壤肥料, 2006(1): 3-8.

Huang H X, Li S T, Li X L, Yao J, Cao W D, Wang M, Liu R L. Analysis on the status of organic fertilizer and its development strategies in China. Soil and Fertilizer, 2006(1): 3-8. (in Chinese)

[2]张树清, 张夫道, 刘秀梅, 王玉军, 邹绍文, 何绪生. 规模化养殖畜禽粪主要有害成分测定分析研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(6): 822-829.

Zhang S Q, Zhang F D, Liu X M, Wang Y J, Zou S W, He X S. Determination and analysis on main harmful composition in excrement of scale livestock and poultry feedlots. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005, 11(6): 822-829. (in Chinese)

[3]李文哲, 张波. 生物质能源现状与发展. 现代化农业, 2006(11): 1-5.

Li W Z, Zhang B. Current status and development of biomass energy. Modernizing Agriculture, 2006(11): 1-5. (in Chinese)

[4]Kim E S, Hwang B K. Virulence to Korea pepper cultivars of Phytophthora capsici from different geographic areas. Plant Disease, 1992, 76(5): 486-489.

[5]Jubina P A, Girija V K. Antagonistic rhizobacteria for management of Phytophthora capsici, the incidence of black pepper. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 1998, 28(2): 147-153.

[6]马艳, 常志州, 赵江涛, 叶小梅, 张建英. 一株疫病拮抗青霉P. st10菌株的抗菌活性及其对辣椒疫病的盆栽防效. 中国生物防治, 2006, 22(3): 239-243.

Ma Y, Chang Z Z, Zhao J T, Ye X M, Zhang J Y. Antifungal activity of Penicillium striatisporum strain P. st10 and its inhibition against pepper blight caused by Phytophthora spp.. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2006, 22(3): 239-243. (in Chinese)

[7]涂璇, 薛泉宏, 张宁燕, 牛晓磊. 辣椒疫病生防放线菌筛选及其对辣椒根系微生物区系的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2007, 35(6): 141-146.

Tu X, Xue Q H, Zhang N Y, Niu X L. Screening bio-control actinomycetes to control pepper phytophthora blight and the impact of microbial population of pepper's rhizosphere. Journal of Northwest A & F University: Natural Science Edition, 2007, 35(6): 141-146. (in Chinese)

[8]陶秀萍, 董红敏, 尚斌, 陈永杏, 黄宏坤. 新鲜猪沼液和牛沼液对农作物病原真菌抑制作用的比较研究. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(7): 1443-1449.

Tao X P, Dong H M, Shang B, Chen Y X, Huang H K. Comparison of inhibiting effects between fresh effluents of anaerobically digested piggery waste and anaerobically digested dairy waste on plant pathogenic fungi. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(7): 1443-1449. (in Chinese)

[9]鲁艳红, 杨曾平, 郑圣先, 廖育林, 聂军, 谢坚, 向艳文. 长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对红壤水稻土化学和生物化学性质的影响. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(4): 921-929.

Lu Y H, Yang Z P, Zheng S X, Liao Y L, Nie J, Xie J, Xiang Y W. Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizer, pig manure, and rice straw on chemical and biochemical properties of reddish paddy soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(4): 921-929. (in Chinese)

[10]国家环境保护总局水和废水监测分析方法编委会. 水和废水监测分析方法. 4 版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002.

State Environmental Protection Administration of China Water and Wastewater Monitoring Analysis Method Editorial Board. Water and Wastewater Monitoring Analysis Method. 4th ed. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002. (in Chinese)

[11]鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.

Bao S D. Agricultural and Chemical Analysis of Soil. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. (in Chinese)

[12]王校常, 陆琴, 李腊梅, 严蔚东. 太湖地区典型水稻土FDA 水解酶活性的剖面分布特征. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12(6): 834-839.

Wang X C, Lu Q, Li L M, Yan W D. The profile distribution of FDA hydrolsis in paddy soils in Taihu region. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2006, 12(6): 834-839. (in Chinese)

[13]李阜棣, 喻子牛, 何绍江. 农业微生物学实验技术. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1996.

Li F D, Yu Z N, He S J. Agricultural Microbiology Experiment Technology. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1996. (in Chinese)

[14]Muyzer G, de Waal E C, Uitterlinden A G. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1993, 59(3): 695-700.

[15]Lang J, Jiang H, Ran W, Xu Y, Shen Q. Control of cotton Verticillium wilt and fungal diversity of rhizosphere soils by bio-organic fertilizer. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012, 48(2): 191-203.

[16]Luo H F, Qi H Y, Zhang H X. Assessment of the bacterial diversity in fenvalerate-treated soil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2004, 20: 509-515.

[17]田小明, 李俊华, 危常州, 褚贵新. 不同生物有机肥用量对土壤活性有机质和酶活性的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2012(1): 26-31.

Tian X M, Li J H, Wei C Z, Chu G X. Effect of different bio-organic fertilizer application rate on soil active organic matter and enzyme activities. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2012(1): 26-31. (in Chinese)

[18]杨梅, 谭玲, 叶绍明, 黄晓露, 郭东强. 桉树连作对土壤多酚氧化酶活性及酚类物质含量的影响. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(2): 165-169.

Yang M, Tan L, Ye S M, Huang X L, Guo D Q. Effects of continuous eucalyptus plantation on activity of polyphenol oxidase and phenol contents in soil. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 26(2): 165-169. (in Chinese)

[19]Lavahun M F E, Joergensen R G, Meyer B. Activities and biomass of soil microorganisms at different depths. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1996, 23: 38-42.

[20]李正华. 厌氧发酵液的抗病防虫机理及其应用技术研究[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2002.

Li Z H. Study on the mechanism and application of the biogas slurry[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2002. (in Chinese)

[21]郝鲜俊, 洪坚平, 乔志伟. 沼液对甘蓝连作土壤生物学性质的影响. 应用与环境生物学报, 2011, 17(3): 384-387.

Hao X J, Hong J P, Qiao Z W. Effect of biogas slurry on biological properties of cabbage continuous cropping soil. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2011, 17(3): 384-387. (in Chinese)

[22]李双喜, 沈其荣, 郑宪清, 朱毅勇, 袁大伟, 张娟琴, 吕卫光. 施用微生物有机肥对连作条件下西瓜的生物效应及土壤生物性状的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(2): 169-174.

Li S X, Shen Q R, Zheng X Q, Zhu Y Y, Yuan D W, Zhang J Q, Lü W G. Effect of organic microbe fertilizer application on watermelon growth and soil microorganisms under continuous mono-cropping. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012, 20(2): 169-174. (in Chinese)

[23]Hansen K H, Angelidaki I, Ahring B K. Anaerobic digestion of swine manure: inhibition by ammonia. Water Research, 1998, 32(1): 5-12.

[24]Litterick A M, Harrier Wallace P, Watson C A, Wood M. The role of uncomposted materials, composts, manures, and compost extracts in reducing pest and disease incidence and severity in sustainable temperate agricultural and horticultural crop production-a review. Critical Review in Plant Sciences, 2004, 23: 453-479.

[25]Loffredo E, Berloco M, Casulli F, Senesi N. In vitro assessment of the inhibition of humic substances on the growth of two strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Biology and Ferility of Soils, 2007, 43: 759-769.

[26]Loffredo E, Berloco M, Senesi N. The role of humic fractions from soil and compost in controlling the growth in vitro of phytopathogenic and antagonistic soil-borne fungi. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2008, 69: 350-357.

[27]谢中兵, 沈德中. 沼气发酵液对西瓜苯丙氨酸解氨酶的诱导. 应用与环境生物学报, 1999, 5(增刊): 191-193.

Xie Z B, Shen D Z. Induction of phenylalanine ammonia lyase of watermelon by anaerobically digested slurry. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology, 1999, 5(Suppl.): 191-193. (in Chinese)

[28]张无敌, 刘士清, 赖建华, 徐其武, 何彩云. 厌氧消化残留物在防治农作物病虫害中的作用. 中国沼气, 1996,14(1): 6-8.

Zhang W D, Liu S Q, Lai J H, Xu Q W, He C Y. The effects of anaerobic fermentation residue on prevention of diseases and insect pests for crops. China Biogas, 1996, 14(1): 6-8. (in Chinese)

[29]李轶, 张玉龙, 谷士艳, 李光, 张镇. 施用沼肥对保护地土壤微生物群落影响的研究. 可再生能源, 2007, 25(2): 44-46.

Li Y, Zhang Y L, Gu S Y, Li G, Zhang Z. Study on effects of applying biogas fertilizer on diversity index of microbial communities in soil of protected field. Renewable Energy Resources, 2007, 25(2): 44-46. (in Chinese)

[30]李海, 马艳, 常志州, 殷蒙, 张世敏. 沼液对草莓土传病害的盆栽防效与沼液中拮抗细菌筛选. 江苏农业科学, 2011, 39(2): 195-198.

Li H, Ma Y, Chang Z Z, Yin M, Zhang S M. Effects of biogas slurry on suppression of strawberry soil borne disease and screening of antagonistic bacteria. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2011, 39(2): 195-198. (in Chinese)

[31]张红, 王桂良. 沼液和氮肥配施对菜田土壤微生物生物量和活性的影响. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(27): 16601-16603, 16723.

Zhang H, Wang G L. Effects of biogas slurry combinated with nitrogen fertilizer on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(27): 16601-16603, 16723. (in Chinese)

[32]冯伟, 管涛, 王晓宇, 朱云集, 郭天财. 沼液与化肥配施对冬小麦根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(4): 1007-1012.

Feng W, Guan T, Wang X Y, Zhu Y J, Guo T C. Effects of combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on winter wheat rhizosphere soil microorganisms and enzyme activities. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(4): 1007-1012. (in Chinese)

[33]谭启玲, 胡承孝, 周后建, Mclaren R G, 陈黎, 吴礼树. 城市污泥中的重金属形态及其对潮土酶活性的影响. 华中农业大学学报, 2002, 21(1): 36-39.

Tan Q L, Hu C X, Zhou H J, Mclaren R G, Chen L, Wu L S. Forms of heavy metal in sewage sludge and its effects on soil enzymes activities of alluvial soil. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2002, 21(1): 36-39. (in Chinese)