中国农业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (22): 4698-4706.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.22.007

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

菜粕生物熏蒸防控辣椒疫病

 马艳, 胡安忆, 杨豪, 常志州, 徐跃定, 张建英   

  1. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-02 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2013-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者常志州,Tel:025-84390238;E-mail:czhizhou@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:马艳,Tel:025-84391256;E-mail:myjaas@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    农业部公益性行业计划项目(201103004-9)、江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(cx(11)2020)

Effects of Biofumigation with Rapeseed Meal on Disease Control of Phytophthora Blight of Chilli Pepper

 MA  Yan, HU  An-Yi, YANG  Hao, CHANG  Zhi-Zhou, XU  Yue-Ding, ZHANG  Jian-Ying   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2013-05-02 Online:2013-11-15 Published:2013-07-09

摘要: 【目的】研究菜粕生物熏蒸(biofumigation)对辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)生长的抑制作用以及对保护地辣椒疫病(Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper)的防控效果。【方法】采用室内平板培养和模拟土壤熏蒸的方法,研究2种产地不同的菜粕(RSM1和RSM2)分解产物对辣椒疫霉菌丝和游动孢子的生长抑制效果;通过菜粕对土壤进行生物熏蒸,研究其对辣椒疫病的盆栽和田间防控效果。【结果】RSM1和RSM2挥发性和非挥发性分解产物对辣椒疫霉菌丝和游动孢子都有不同程度抑制作用。其中,RSM2的菜粕抑制效果好于RSM1。2种菜粕挥发性分解产物对孢子抑制强于对菌丝的抑制,而非挥发性分解产物对菌丝的抑制作用强于对孢子的抑制。同一种菜粕挥发性和非挥发性分解产物对辣椒疫霉菌丝的抑制作用差别不大,但对辣椒疫霉孢子的抑制作用有显著差别。室内模拟土壤熏蒸试验表明RSM2用量为0.2%(W/W)时,其挥发性分解产物可以完全杀死辣椒疫霉菌丝。盆栽试验中,采用定量PCR技术测定辣椒疫霉的数量,RSM2用量为0.2%时,虽然没有完全杀灭病原菌,但对辣椒疫病的防治效果可达到100%,取得与化学熏蒸相同的效果;生物熏蒸显著增加了土壤中真菌和放线菌的数量,并增加了土壤中微生物总体数量和多样性。连续两茬田间试验表明,生物熏蒸对辣椒疫病的平均防治效果为82%,并使辣椒增产16.4%,应用效果明显好于化学熏蒸处理。【结论】RSM2菜粕对辣椒疫霉有较强的生长抑制效果,以菜粕为生物熏蒸材料进行土壤处理可以有效防控辣椒疫病并增加辣椒产量。

关键词: 生物熏蒸 , 菜粕 , 辣椒疫霉 , 土壤微生物 , 辣椒疫病

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effects of hydrolysis product of rapeseed meal (RSM) on growth inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and on disease control of Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper cultivation in greenhouse. 【Method】 Inhibition effect of hydrolysis product of RSM on mycelium and zoospore was studied by in vitro test in dishes and imitated biofumigation in container, and disease control effects of biofumigation with RSM2 on Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper in pot and field were also carried out. 【Result】 Volatiles and non-volatiles released from RSM hydrolysis inhibited mycelium growth and zoospore germination in various degrees, and the inhibition effect of RSM2 was better than that of RSM1. The inhibition effect of volatiles produced from RSM hydrolysis on zoospore was stronger than on mycelium of P. capsici while non-volatiles displayed stronger inhibition effect on mycelium than on zoospore. The inhibition effect of volatiles and non-volatiles showed no significant difference on mycelium but on zoospore of P. capsici. Soil fumigation in sealed container was carried out in laboratory at different application rates of RSM and the results showed that volatiles released from RSM hydrolysis killed mycelium of P. capsici when RSM was added to soil at the rate of 0.2% (w/w). In a pot experiment, real-time PCR was adopted to assess the population of P. capsici. The results showed that the efficacy of disease control of RSM treatment for Phytophthora blight was 100%, the same as dazomet treatment, although P. capsici exsisted in soil at density of 36 zoospore/g soil. RSM2 treatment not only increased the population of fungi and actinomycetes but also increased the total number and diversity of soil microbe. The plot experiment conducted in greenhouse showed that the average value of control efficacy for Phytophthora blight was 82% and the yield of chilli pepper increased with 16.4% in two continuous cropping seasons. The effect of RSM treatment in chilli pepper production in protected field was better than dazomet treatment. 【Conclusion】RSM2 showed great inhibition effect on growth of P. capsici. The treatment of biofumigation with RSM2 suppressed disease incidence of Phytophthora blight in field efficiently and increased yield of chilli pepper.

Key words: biofumigation , rapeseed meal , Phytophthora capsici , soil microbe , Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper