中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园生产效率及光照质量评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园的生产效率及光照质量进行评价，为本地区矮砧密植苹果园管理提供参考。【方法】测定单株结构参数以及枝（梢）量、枝类组成、覆盖率等果园群体参数，研究冠层光照，调查果实产量和品质。【结果】细长纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为5.4×104条，果园覆盖率为76%，叶面积指数为1.9，长中短枝比例1﹕1﹕8，产量3 263 kg/667m2，一级果率85%，冠层光截获率为58%，优质冠积比例为65%；改良纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为9.3×104条，果园覆盖率为77%，叶面积指数为3.3，长中短枝比例1﹕2﹕7，产量3 931 kg/667m2，一级果率85%，冠层光截获率为73%，优质冠积比例为35%。【结论】采用M26中间砧、以细长纺锤形和改良纺锤形整形的中密度栽植模式可为中部地区矮砧密植苹果园的发展提供参考。

关键词: 矮砧苹果, 密植, 树形, 生产效率, 光照质量

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the experiment is to investigate the productivity and light quality in two high density M26 dwarf rootstock apple orchards in central China and give some management guidance for the high density dwarf rootstock apple planting. 【Method】 The technical parameters of individual trees, group parameters as shoots number and composition, the percentage of the land covered by canopy were determined, and the light quality in the canopy, crop production and fruit quality were investigated.【Result】 Slender spindle (SS) orchard has 54 thousands shoots per 667m2. Coverage rate is 76%. The ratio of long，medium and spur shoot is 1﹕1﹕8. The fruit yield is 3 263 kg/667m2. The light interception is 58%. The ratio of canopy which has good illumination is 65%. The first grade fruit accounts for 85%. Modified slender spindle (MSS) orchard has 93 thousands shoots per 667m2 and the coverage rate is 77%. The ratio of long, medium and spur shoot is 1﹕2﹕7. The fruit yield is 3 931 kg/667m2. The light interception is 73%. The ratio of canopy which has good illumination is 35%. The first grade fruit accounts for 85%.【Conclusion】Apple orchard with M26 dwarf rootstock trained as SS and MSS tree form may be useful to the management of the similar orchards in central China.

Key words: apple trees on dwarfing rootstocks, high density planting, tree form, productivity, light climate

高登涛, 郭景南, 魏志峰, 范庆锦, 杨朝选. 中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园生产效率及光照质量评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(5): 909-916.

GAO Deng-Tao, GUO Jing-Nan, WEI Zhi-Feng, FAN Qing-Jin, YANG Chao-Xuan. Evaluation of Productivity and Light Quality in Two High Density Dwarf Rootstock Apple Orchards in Central China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(5): 909-916.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.05.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2012/V45/I5/909

参考文献

[1]Mika A. Trends in fruit tree training and pruning systems in Europe. Acta Horticulturae, 1992, 322: 29-35.

[2]李丙智, 张林森, 韩明玉, 冯焕德. 世界苹果矮化砧木应用现状. 果农之友, 2007(7): 4-6.

Li B Z, Zhang L S, Han M Y, Feng H D. Application status of apple dwarfing rootstocks in the world. Fruit Growers’ Friend, 2007(7): 4-6. (in Chinese)

[3]朱树华, 郁松林, 权俊萍. 世界苹果矮化砧木研究与应用现状. 石河子大学学报, 2003, 7(4): 327-332.

Zhu S H, Yu S L, Quan J P. The status of the research and application of apple dwarfing rootstocks. Journal of Shihezi University, 2003, 7(4): 327-332. (in Chinese)

[4]Wertheim S J, Wagenmakers P S, Bootsma J H, Groot M J. Orchard systems for apple and pear: conditions for success. Acta Horticulturae, 2001, 557: 209-227.

[5]高登涛, 魏志峰, 杨朝选. 意大利苹果生产新技术. 果农之友, 2007(9): 41.

Gao D T, Wei Z F, Yang C X. New techniques in apple produce in Italy. Fruit Growers’ Friend, 2007(9): 41. (in Chinese)

[6]陆秋农, 贾定贤. 中国果树志•苹果卷. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 中国林业出版社, 1999: 71-86.

Lu Q N, Jia D X. China Fruit-Plant Monograph Apple. Beijing: Chinese Agricultural Science and Technique Publishing Company, China Forest Publishing Company, 1999: 71-86. (in Chinese)

[7]马宝焜, 徐继忠, 孙建设. 关于我国苹果矮砧密植栽培的思考. 果树学报, 2010, 27(1): 105-109.

Ma B K, Xu J Z, Sun J S. Consideration for high density planting with dwarf rootstocks in apple in China. Journal of Fruit Science, 2010, 27(1): 105-109. (in Chinese)

[8]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所. 果树砧木论文集. 西安: 陕西科学技术出版社, 1985: 236-248.

Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS. Memoir of Fruit Rootstocks. Xi’an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1985: 236-248. (in Chinese)

[9]王继世, 董绍珍, 孟素琴. 利用苹果矮化砧木进行密植丰产栽培的意见. 中国农业科学, 1989, 22(6): 44-49.

Wang J S, Dong S Z, Meng S Q. The view of application of dwarfing rootstocks to high density and yield cultivation in apple. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1989, 22(6): 44-49. (in Chinese)

[10]李丙智, 韩明玉, 张林森, 张满让, 许志强. 我国苹果矮化砧木发展缓慢的原因与建议.西北园艺, 2007(10): 4-5.

Li B Z, Han M Y, Zhang L S, Zhang M R, Xu Z Q. Reason and advice for dwarf rootstock develop slowly in China. Northwest Horticulture, 2007(10): 4-5. (in Chinese)

[11]梁海忠, 范崇辉, 王　琰, 曲俊贤, 韩明玉.苹果高纺锤形树体枝量、果实产量与品质的研究.西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010, 38(7): 123-128.

Liang H Z, Fan C H, Wang Y, Qu J X, Han M Y. Research on shoot number, fruit yield and quality of high-spindle apple trees. Journal of Northwest A＆F University: Natural Science Edition, 2010, 38(7): 123-128. (in Chinese)

[12]张林森, 马锋旺, 李丙智, 韩明玉, 刘凤之．国外苹果高纺锤形整形技术与应用．中国果树, 2007(6): 69-70.

Zhang L S, Ma F W, Li B Z, Han M Y, Liu F Z. Training and application of foreign high-spindle apple tree. China Fruits, 2007(6): 69-70. (in Chinese)

[13]高登涛, 魏志峰, 杨朝选. Belgolden苹果矮化密植栽培早期表现初报. 中国果树, 2008(1): 21-23.

Gao D T, Wei Z F, Yang C X. Primary study on early performance of dwarf apple in density planting. China Fruits, 2008(1): 21-23. (in Chinese)

[14]高登涛, 魏志峰, 郭景南, 杨朝选. M26中间砧苹果树在黄河故道地区的表现及前景. 中国果树, 2009(6): 64-66.

Gao D T, Wei Z F, Guo J N, Yang C X. Performance and prospect of apple with inter stock M26 in the old course of the Yellow River. China Fruits, 2009(6): 64-66. (in Chinese)

[15]王　亮, 郭小平, 毕华兴, 代　巍, 史小丽. 晋西地区不同树龄富士苹果树群体冠层结构特征研究. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010, 38(11): 115-120.

Wang L, Guo X P, Bi H X, Dai W, Shi X L. Study on the canopy characteristics of different ages Fuji apples in Jinxi Loess Plateau area. Journal of Northwest A＆F University: Natural Science Edition, 2010, 38(11): 115-120. (in Chinese)

[16]吴增志. 森林生态学实验指导. 河北农业大学自编教材, 1993: 28.

Wu Z Z. Experimental guide of Forest Ecology. Teaching materials of Agricultural University of Hebei, 1993: 28.

[17]Robinson T L, Lakso A N. Base of yield and production efficiency in apple orchard system. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1991, 116(2): 188-194.

[18]Wagenmakers P S. Effect of light and temperature on potential apple production. Acta Horticulturae, 1996, 416: 191-197.

[19]Caruso T, Giovannini D, Marra F P, Sottile F. Planting density, above ground dry-matter partiotioning and fruit quality in grennhouse grown ‘Floridaprince’ peach trees trained to “free-standing Tatura”. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 1999, 74(5): 547-552.

[20]Lakso A N// Schaffer B, Andersen P C. eds. Apple Handbook of Environmental Physiology of Fruit Crops. Volume I. Temperate Crops. Florida: CRC Press, 1994: 3-42.

[21]Lauri P E, Lespinasse J M, Terouanne E. Vegetative growth and reproductive strategies in apple fruiting branches-An investigation into various cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 1997 451: 717-724.

[22]Wunsche J N, Lakso A N. The relationship between leaf area and light interception by spur and extension shoot leaves and apple orchard productivity. HortScience, 2000, 35(7): 1202-1206.

[23]Barrit B H, Rom C R, Konishi B J, Dilley M A. Light level influences spur quality and canopy development and light interception influence fruit production in apple. HortScience, 1991, 26(8): 993-999.

[24]Windmer A, Krebs C. Influence of planting density and tree form on yield and fruit quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apples. Acta Horticulturae, 2001, 557: 235-241.

[25]董建波. 苹果矮砧密植园个体与群体参数研究[D]. 河北保定: 河北农业大学, 2010.

Dong J B. Research on individual and group parameters of apple orchard with intensive planting on dwarf rootstock[D]. Baoding, Hebei: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2010.

[26]孙志鸿, 魏钦平, 杨朝选, 孙忠富, 王小伟.改良高干开心形富士苹果树冠不同层次相对光照强度分布与枝叶关系研究. 果树学报, 2008, 25(2): 145-150.

Sun Z H, Wei Q P, Yang C X, Sun Z F, Wang X W. Relationships between distribution of relative light Intensity and shoots and foliage in different stratum of canopy for ‘Fuji’ apple. Journal of Fruit Science, 2008, 25(2): 145-150. (in Chinese)

[27]张显川, 高照全, 付占方, 方建辉, 李天红. 苹果树形改造对树冠结构和冠层光合能力的影响.园艺学报, 2007, 34(3): 537-542.

Zhang X C, Gao Z Q, Fu Z F, Fang J H, Li T H. Influences of tree form reconstruction on canopy structure and photosynthesis of apple. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2007, 34(3): 537-542. (in Chinese)