稻鸭共作系统中主要捕食性天敌的生态位

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明稻鸭共作系统中主要捕食性天敌类群对资源的利用程度及在资源分配上的内在关系。【方法】在对稻鸭共作和常规稻作系统中主要捕食性天敌进行田间调查的基础上，研究主要捕食性天敌群落的结构和生态位，分析各类群在资源序列上分布的数量特征和资源利用状况。【结果】常规稻作区、稻鸭共作区中主要捕食性天敌的优势类群均为微蛛、园蛛、狼蛛和肖蛸科，以园蛛科的优势度指数为最高，分别为0.4999和0.6665。稻田养鸭对主要捕食性天敌类群的数量和分布格局有直接或间接的影响，使其时—空二维生态位宽度、生态位重叠度与生态位相似性比例均发生了不同程度的改变。其中微蛛、园蛛和肖蛸的生态位宽度值低于常规区，微蛛与球蛛、肖蛸与跳蛛、跳蛛与管巢蛛及管巢蛛与瓢虫的二维生态位重叠度比常规区增加了70.65%—75.57%。【结论】稻鸭共作使主要捕食性天敌在同一资源等级上的竞争加强，在时间上的同步性更为明显，尽管捕食性天敌的总个体数比常规区下降了19.56%，但天敌充分利用了时间资源序列中的较多等级，且分布更为均匀，发生时间长，可对害虫种群进行持续控制，因而控虫效果更为显著。

关键词: 生态位, 捕食性天敌, 种群结构, 稻鸭共作

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to quantify resource utilization of main predatory arthropods in integrated rice-duck farming system and to explore their inner relationship in resource allocation. 【Method】Through field investigations on main predatory arthropods in the integrated rice-duck farming system and conventional rice cultivation system, the structure of the predatory arthropods communities and their niches were explored. Meanwhile, the quantitative distribution characters of each group in resource sequence and the condition of resource utilization were analyzed. 【Result】Dominant species of predatory arthropods in the integrated rice-duck farming system and conventional rice cultivation system were Erigonidae, Araneidae, Lycosldae and Tetragnathidae, in which the dominance index of Araneidae was the greatest, accounted for 0.4999 and 0.6665, respectively, in two rice cultivation systems. Foraging ducks in rice cropping field directly or indirectly influenced the number and distribution pattern of main predatory arthropods, thus leading to various degrees of changes in temporal-spatial dimensional niche breadth, niche overlap index and the niche proportional similarity. Temporal-spatial dimensions niche breadth of Erigonidae, Araneidae and Tetragnathidae were lower than those in the conventional rice cultivation system. The niche overlap indices of Erigonidae and Theridlidae, Tetragnathidae and Salticidae, Salticidae and Clubionidae, Clubionidae and Coccinellidae in the integrated rice-duck farming system were 70.65%-75.57% higher than those in the conventional rice cultivation system. 【Conclusion】Although the total individual numbers of predatory arthropods in the rice-duck farming system was 19.56% lower than those in the conventional rice cultivation system, group competition in the same resource sequence among main predatory arthropods became more intensified and time synchrony in resource utilization was more pronounced, which meant that predatory arthropods could make the best use of more potential resources in a more uniformed distribution and have a stronger controlling effect on pest population by longer occurrence time and continuous controls.

Key words: ecologicalniches, predatoryarthropods, communitystructure, integratedrice-duckfarming

秦钟, 章家恩, 张锦, 骆世明. 稻鸭共作系统中主要捕食性天敌的生态位[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(1): 67-76.

QIN Zhong, ZHANG Jia-en, ZHANG Jin, LUO Shi-Ming. Study on Ecological Niches of Main Predatory Arthropods in Integrated Rice-Duck Farming System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(1): 67-76.

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