中国农业科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 78-85 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.01.010

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响

秦红灵,高旺盛,马月存,马 丽,尹春梅   

  1. 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院
  • 收稿日期:2007-01-10 修回日期:2007-06-28 出版日期:2008-01-10 发布日期:2008-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 高旺盛

Effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under conservation tillage mode

Hong-Ling QIN Wang-Sheng GAO Yue-Cun MA Li MA   

  1. 中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院
  • Received:2007-01-10 Revised:2007-06-28 Online:2008-01-10 Published:2008-01-10
  • Contact: Hong-Ling QIN

摘要: 【目的】研究两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响,提高保护性耕作条件下对土壤水分的利用效率。【方法】土壤免耕第3年的基础上深松40 cm,2005~2006年连续两年通过田间试验观测深松对土壤水分的影响,分析深松保墒增产的机理。【结果】莜麦作物生育期0~100 cm土壤贮水量,深松显著高于对照。在0~100 cm的土层剖面上,50~100 cm土壤水分含量深松显著高于对照,干旱少雨时,土壤水分含量随土层深度增加而增加;降雨集中时,随土层深度增加而减少。与对照相比,深松减少了0~50 cm的作物耗水量,促进根系对50~100 cm土层土壤水分的消耗。土壤深松处理比对照两年平均增产18.29%,水分利用效率增加9.68%。保墒增产效果受降水量的影响,分布均匀的降雨有利于增产并提高水分利用效率。另一方面,深松降低了表层土层容重,增加接纳雨水的能力,增强作物对水分的利用效率。【结论】在免耕的基础上深松,是北方农牧交错带有效增加水分利用效率的保护性轮耕措施。

关键词: 免耕, 深松, 保墒, 增产

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to improve the water use efficiency under conservation tillage, we study the effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under no-tillage.【Method】A field experiment of 40cm subsoiling under no-tillage was conducted from 2005 to 2006. Based on the observational data of soil moisture and crop yield, the physical basis of subsoiling for water conservation and yield increase was analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that: during oats growth season, 0-100cm soil water storage under subsoil was more than no-tillage. In the 0-100cm soil depth, the soil moisture in 50-100cm under subsoiling were more compared with no-tillage, which increased with the soil depth increasing when it’s dry; decreased with the soil depth increasing when it’s rainy. Compared with no-tillage, Subsoiling can reduce the water consumption of oats in the 0-50 cm soil layer and improve the efficient use of water in the 50-100cm soil layer by root system. Subsoiling increased the yield by 18.29% average increase rate in two years. Subsoiling increased water use efficiency by 16.8% average increase rate in two years. The effects of subsoiling for water conservation and yield increase was affects by precipitation, well-proportioned rainfall was better to increase yield and water use efficiency. Meanwhile, subsoiling decreased bulk density, which increased the available precipitation.【Conclusion】Subsoiling contained more soil moisture and improved water use efficiency. The The effects of subsoiling for water conservation and yield increase was affects by precipitation and soil bulk density.

Key words: no-tillage, subsoiling, water conservation, yield increase