保护性耕作对旱作农田干湿交替过程中土壤呼吸速率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.24.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨免耕及秸秆覆盖等保护性耕作措施对旱作农田干湿交替过程中土壤呼吸速率的影响。【方法】基于设在陇东黄土高原的长期草田轮作定位试验，试验开始于2001年，包括传统耕作（T，翻耕并移除秸秆）、耕作覆盖（TS，翻耕之后覆盖秸秆）、免耕移除秸秆（NT，不翻耕但除去秸秆）和免耕（NTS，不翻耕且保留秸秆）4个处理。2014年7—8月干湿交替阶段季采用LI-8150多通道土壤碳通量测量系统对农田土壤呼吸速率、土壤温度和含水量进行连续原位测定。【结果】T、TS、NT和NTS处理干旱阶段的平均土壤呼吸速率分别为2.16、3.56、2.26和2.45 µmol·m^-2·s^-1，湿润阶段分别为2.09、5.31、2.80和3.56 µmol·m^-2·s^-1。降雨初期秸秆覆盖处理（TS和NTS）土壤呼吸速率动态变化与无秸秆覆盖处理（NT和T）具有显著差异。干湿交替过程中，干旱阶段土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度（19.1—28.2℃）呈负相关、与土壤含水量呈正相关关系；湿润阶段则相反，且土壤含水量对土壤呼吸速率的解释程度降低。土壤呼吸速率在湿润阶段日动态波动较大，其温度敏感性（Q₁₀）在T、TS、NT和NTS处理下分别为1.37、1.24、1.31和1.25；干旱阶段土壤呼吸速率日动态平缓，Q₁₀值低于1.0。【结论】长期保护性耕作提高了农田的土壤呼吸速率，且秸秆覆盖处理比免耕措施提高土壤呼吸速率的效应更加显著。秸秆覆盖能够有效平抑土壤水分和温度的变化，提高土壤呼吸速率，降低土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。论文明确了干湿条件下旱作农田土壤呼吸动态及其影响因素，对准确量化旱作农田碳通量具有积极意义。

关键词: 免耕, 秸秆覆盖, 土壤呼吸, 干湿交替, 旱作农田

Abstract: 【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate the effects of conservation tillage practices on soil respiration during drying and wetting period in dry farmland. 【Method】A long-term conservation tillage experiment was carried out at the Qingyang Experimental Station of Lanzhou University. The experiment had four treatments: conventional tillage (T), conventional tillage with stubble retention (TS), no-till without stubble retention (NT) and no-till (NTS). Soil respiration rate was measured continuously with LI-8100 automated soil respiration system during the common vetch growing season from July 7 to August 20 in the 2014. 【Result】The mean soil respiration rates of T, TS, NT and NTS during the drying period were 2.16, 3.56, 2.26 and 2.45 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively, and the corresponding values during the wetting period were 2.09, 5.31, 2.80 and 3.56 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. Diurnal patterns of soil respiration after the heavy rainfall event were different among the four tillage practices. Soil respiration was positively related to soil water content and negatively related to soil temperature during the drying period, but had an opposite relationship with these parameters after the rewetting. The sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature (Q₁₀) reduced by no-till and stubble retention practices. During the wetting period, the Q₁₀values of T, TS, NT and NTS were 1.37, 1.24, 1.31 and 1.25, respectively, and dropped to less than 1.0 for all treatments during the dry period. 【Conclusion】No-till has the potential to release less CO₂. Residue retention buffers soil temperature and soil water content fluctuations, and reduces the Q₁₀ value. Our results also illustrated that it is fairly important to consider the short-term changes of soil respiration during the drying-wetting cycles when modeling the relationship between soil respiration and its influencing factors.

Key words: no-till, stubble retention, soil respiration, drying-wetting cycle, dry farmland

丁新宇，王自奎，杨轩，杜珊珊，沈禹颖. 保护性耕作对旱作农田干湿交替过程中土壤呼吸速率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(24): 4759-4768.

DING XinYu, WANG ZiKui, YANG Xuan, DU ShanShan, SHEN YuYing. Response of Dry Land Soil Respiration to Conservation Tillage Practices During Drying-Wetting Cycles[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(24): 4759-4768.

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