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Molecular detection of the powdery mildew resistance genes in winter wheats DH51302 and Shimai 26

QU Yun-feng, WU Pei-pei, HU Jing-huang, CHEN Yong-xing, SHI Zhan-liang, QIU Dan, LI Ya-hui, ZHANG Hong-jun, ZHOU Yang, YANG Li, LIU Hong-wei, ZHU Tong-quan, LIU Zhi-yong, ZHANG Yan-ming, LI Hong-jie

2020, 19 (4): 931-940. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62644-4

Abstract （122） PDF in ScienceDirect

Resistance to powdery mildew is an important trait of interest in many wheat breeding programs. The information on genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew in wheat cultivars is useful in parental selection. Winter wheat breeding line DH51302 derived from Liangxing 99 and cultivar Shimai 26 derived from Jimai 22 showed identical infection patterns against 13 isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) that causes wheat powdery mildew. DH51302 and Shimai 26 were crossed to a powdery mildew susceptible cultivar Zhongzuo 9504 and the F_2:3 families were used in molecular localization of the resistance genes. Fourteen polymorphic markers, which were linked to Pm52 from Liangxing 99, were used to establish the genetic linkage maps for the resistance genes PmDH51302 and PmSM26 in DH51302 and Shimai 26, respectively. These genes were placed in the same genetic interval where Pm52 resides. Analysis of gene-linked molecular markers indicated that PmDH51302 and PmSM26 differed from other powdery mildew resistance genes on chromosome arm 2BL, such as Pm6, Pm33, Pm51, MlZec1, MlAB10, and Pm64. Based on the results of reaction patterns to different Bgt isolates and molecular marker localization, together with the pedigree information, DH51302 and Shimai 26 carried the same gene, Pm52, which confers their resistance to powdery mildew.

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Genetic progress in stem lodging resistance of the dominant wheat cultivars adapted to Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China since 1964

ZHANG Hong-jun, LI Teng, LIU Hong-wei, MAI Chun-yan, YU Guang-jun, LI Hui-li, YU Li-qiang, MENG Ling-zhi, JIAN Da-wei, YANG Li, LI Hong-jie, ZHOU Yang

2020, 19 (2): 438-448. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62627-4

Abstract （144）

Analysis of genetic progress for lodging-related traits provides important information for further improvement of lodging resistance. Forty winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone (YHWZ) of China during the period of 1964–2015 were evaluated for several lodging-related traits in three cropping seasons. Plant height, height at center of gravity, length of the basal second internode, and lodging index decreased significantly in this period, and the average annual genetic gains for these traits were –0.50 cm or –0.62%, –0.27 cm or –0.60%, –0.06 cm or –0.63%, and –0.01 or –0.94%, respectively. Different from other traits, stem strength showed a significant increasing trend with the breeding period, and the annual genetic gains were 0.03 N or 0.05%. Correlation analysis showed that lodging index was positively correlated with plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal second internode, but negatively correlated with stem strength. Meanwhile, significantly positive correlations were observed between plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal first and second internodes. By comparison with the wild types, dwarfing genes had significant effects on all lodging-related traits studied except for length of the basal first internode and stem strength. Principle component analysis demonstrated that plant height and stem strength were the most important factors influencing lodging resistance. Clustering analysis based on the first two principle components further indicated the targets of wheat lodging-resistant breeding have changed from reducing plant height to strengthening stem strength over the breeding periods. This study indicates that the increase of stem strength is vital to improve lodging resistance in this region under the high-yielding condition when plant height is in an optimal range.

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High-throughput sequencing of highbush blueberry transcriptome and analysis of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors

SONG Yang, LIU Hong-di, ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Hong-jun, ZHANG Zhi-dong, LI Ya-dong, WANG Hai-bo, LIU Feng-zhi

2017, 16 (03): 591-604. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61461-2

Abstract （703） PDF in ScienceDirect

The highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), Duke, was used to construct a de novo transcriptome sequence library and to perform data statistical analysis. Mega 4, CLC Sequence Viewer 6 software, and quantitative PCR were employed for bioinformatics and expression analyses of the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) transcription factors of the sequencing library. The results showed that 28.38 gigabytes of valid data were obtained from transcriptome sequencing and were assembled into 108 033 unigenes. Functional annotation showed that 32 244 unigenes were annotated into Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases, whereas the rest of the 75 789 unigenes had no matching information. By using COG and GO classification tools, sequences with annotation information were divided into 25 and 52 categories, respectively, which involved transport and metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. Analysis of the transcriptome library identified a total of 59 BHLH genes. Sequence analysis revealed that 55 genes of that contained a complete BHLH domain. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that BHLH genes of blueberry (Duke) could be divided into 13 sub-groups. PCR results showed that 45 genes were expressed at various developmental stages of buds, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, suggesting that the function of BHLH was associated with the development of different tissues and organs of blueberry, Duke. The present study would provided a foundation for further investigations on the classification and functions of the blueberry BHLH family.

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Species-specific PCR-based assays for identification and detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species causing stem blight on blueberry in China

XU Cheng-nan, ZHANG Hong-jun, CHI Fu-mei, JI Zhi-rui, DONG Qing-long, CAO Ke-qiang, ZHOU Zong-shan

2016, 15 (3): 573-579. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61177-7

Abstract （2106） PDF in ScienceDirect

Botryosphaeriaceae species are important causal agents of blueberry stem blight worldwide. Blueberry stem blight has become an important disease, potentially affecting the quality and production of blueberries in China. It is difficult and time-consuming to identify at the species level using morphological methods. The aim of this study was to develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the diagnosis and early detection of latent infections of blueberry stems by Botryosphaeria spp. Species-specific primers, based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene, were designed and selected for use in PCR assays. Three primer pairs, Lt347-F/R for Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Np304-F/R for Neofusicoccum parvum and FaF/Bt2b for Botryosphaeria dothidea, successfully amplified specific PCR fragments of different sizes on pure cultures or from blueberry stems inoculated and naturally infected blueberry plants with three pathogens, respectively. These primers did not amplify any PCR fragments from other blueberry stem disease-associated pathogens, such as Phomopsis spp. and Pestalotiopsis spp. This PCR protocol could detect as low as 100 pg to 1 ng of purified fungal DNA. This PCR-based protocol could be used for the diagnosis and detection of these pathogens from pure cultures or from infected blueberry plants.

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Improvement of Yield and Its Related Traits for Backbone Hybrid Rice Parent Minghui 86 Using Advanced Backcross Breeding Strategies

ZHANG Hong-jun, WANG Hui, YE Guo-you, QIAN Yi-liang, SHI Ying-yao, XIA Jia-fa, LI Ze-fu, ZHU Ling-hua, GAO Yong-ming, LI Zhi-kang

2013, 12 (4): 561-570. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60273-7

Abstract （1468） PDF in ScienceDirect

How to overcome yield stagnation is a big challenge to rice breeders. An effective method for quickly developing new cultivars is to further improve an outstanding cultivar. In this study, three advanced backcross populations under yield selection that consist of 123 BC2F2:4 introgression lines (ILs) were developed by crossing Minghui 86 (recurrent parent, RP) with three high-yielding varieties (donors), namely, ZDZ057, Fuhui 838, and Teqing, respectively. The progeny testing allowed the identification of 12 promising ILs that had significantly higher mean grain yields than Minghui 86 in two environments. A total of 55 QTLs that affect grain yield and its related traits were identified, which included 50 QTLs that were detected using the likelihood ratio test based on stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method, and eight grain yield per plant (GY) QTLs were detected using chi-squared (c2) test. Among these QTLs, five QTLs were simultaneously detected in different populations and 22 QTLs were detected in both environments. The beneficial donor alleles for increased GY and its related traits were identified in 63.6% (35 out of 55) of the QTLs. These promising ILs and QTLs identified will provide the elite breeding materials and genetic information for further improvement of the grain yield for Minghui 86 through pyramiding breeding.

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Tribenuron-Methyl Resistant Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.) in Hebei Province of China

WANG Gui-qi, CUI Hai-lan, ZHANG Hong-jun, ZHANG Yan-qiu, LIU Xue, LI Xiang-ju, FAN Cuiqin

2011, 10 (8): 1241-1245. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8396

Abstract （1807） PDF in ScienceDirect

Shepherd’s purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province, China. Their sensitivitiesto tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse. Results revealed that HB-1, HB-2, HB-3, HB-4, HB-6, HB-7, HB-17, HB-18, HB-19, HB-20, HB-21, and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuronmethylcharacterised by very low GR50 values of about 0.10 g a.i. ha-1. On the other hand, populations HB-15 and HB-16had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices (RI) ranging from 10-100 folds, whilst populationsHB-5, HB-8, HB-9, HB-10, HB-11, HB-12, HB-13, and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl withresistance indices over 100. The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09%, and that of high resistance wasabout 36.36%.

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Occurrence of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population in China

SONG Xiao-ling, WU Jia-jun, ZHANG Hong-jun and QIANG Sheng

2011, 10 (7): 1049-1055. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60093-X

Abstract （1454） PDF in ScienceDirect

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis), an invasive alien weed, is one of the main weeds in orchards in China. Althoughglyphosate has been used for control of horseweed and many other weeds in orchards for more than 25 years in China, acase of glyphosate-resistant horseweed has not been identified in orchard in China so far despite glyphosate-resistanthorseweed cases have been reported in some other countries. Seeds of 25 horseweed populations were collected fromdifferent orchards with different glyphosate application history. Potted seedlings with 11-13-leaf growth stage weretreated with glyphosate at 0.035, 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg a.i. ha-1. The dosage dependenceresponse curve of each population was constructed with Log-logistic dose response regression equations. The ED50value of each population was calculated and compared with the susceptible population from China. Different populationshad different relative glyphosate-resistant levels which increased with the number of years of glyphosate application.Two populations with the highest resistance levels, 8.28 and 7.95 times, were found in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China,where glyphosate was used for weed control in orchards twice each year for 15 yr. The two resistant populationsaccumulated approximately two to four times less shikimic acid than the two susceptible populations 48 h after glyphosateapplication.

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Resistance Level and Metabolism of Barnyard-Grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.) Populations to Quizalofop-p-ethyl in Heilongjiang Province, China

HUAN Zhi-bo, ZHANG Hong-jun, HOU Zhen, ZHANG Shao-yi, ZHANG Yang, LIU Wei-tang, BI Yaling , WANG Jin-xin

2011, 10 (12): 1914-1922. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60192-2

Abstract （1727） PDF in ScienceDirect

Eleven barnyardgrass populations were assayed. The highest resistant population was Geqiushan R with RI 125.45 resulted from the seed assay and 87.29 resulted from the whole plant bioassay followed by 853 R with RI 2.79 resulted from the seed assay and 6.04 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The resistance level of other nine populations was low with RI 1.13-2.61 resulted from the seed assay and 1.48-3.63 resulted from the whole plant bioassay. The activity of an important metabolic enzyme glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and three protective enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were determined in vivo for Geqiushan R, 853 R, and Wudalianchi R. Compared with the S controls, the activities of POD in Geqiushan R, GSTs in 853 R, and Wudalianchi R were increased.

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