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Identifying potential flavonoid biosynthesis regulator in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. by genome-wide characterization of the MYB transcription factor gene family

WANG Xiang-yuan, TIAN Lu, FENG Shi-jing, WEI An-zhi

2022, 21 (7): 1997-2018. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63747-4

Abstract （209） PDF in ScienceDirect

Plant MYB transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in regulating the biosynthesis of flavonoids but current analysis on their role in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (ZBM) is far from comprehensive. In this study, we identified 270 MYB genes in ZBM and divided them into four subfamilies. The R2R3-MYB (ZbMYB) category contained 251 genes and was classified into 33 subfamilies according to their phylogenetic results and sequence similarity. These subfamilies included 24 subgroups containing both MYBs of ZBM plants and AtMYBs, and nine subgroups containing only ZBM MYBs or AtMYBs. ZbMYBs with similar functions clustered into the same subgroup, indicating functional conservation. The subcellular localization analysis predicted that most ZbMYB genes were found in the nucleus. The transposed duplications appeared to play a major role in the expansion of the MYB gene family in ZBM. Through phylogenetic analysis and transcriptome profiling, it was found that 28 ZbMYB genes may regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids in ZBM, and these genes expression presented distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns. In different fruit development stages of ZBM, the expression patterns of EVM0042160 and EVM0033809 genes obtained by qRT-PCR analysis are very similar to the flavonoid and anthocyanin content curves in ZBM. Further correlation analysis showed that the content of flavonoids in different fruit development stages and the transcript abundance levels of 28 ZbMYB genes have different degrees of correlation relationship. These results indicated that the ZbMYB genes might be involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway. This comprehensive and systematic analysis of MYB family genes provided a solid foundation for further functional analysis of MYB TFs in ZBM.

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Organic matter fractions within macroaggregates in response to long-term fertilization in calcareous soil after reclamation

CAO Han-bing, XIE Jun-yu, HONG Jie, WANG Xiang, HU Wei, HONG Jian-ping

2021, 20 (6): 1636-1648. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63354-8

Abstract （98） PDF in ScienceDirect

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a key role in improving soil quality and optimizing crop yield. Yet little is known about the fate of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) under long-term fertilization and their relative importance in SOC sequestration in reclaimed calcareous soil. Therefore, the effects of mineral fertilizers and organic manure on the mechanisms of organic carbon (OC) stabilization in macroaggregates were investigated in this study. Four treatments were used: unfertilized control (CK), mineral fertilizer (NPK), compost chicken manure alone (M), and mineral fertilizers plus manure (MNPK). Samples from the 0–20 cm layer of soil receiving 11-year-long fertilization were separated into four fractions based on the macroaggregates present (unprotected coarse and fine particulate organic matter, cPOM and fPOM; physically protected intra-microaggregate POM, iPOM; and biochemically protected mineral associated OM, MOM) by the physical fractionation method. Compared with the control, the long-term application of NPK had little effect on SOC content, total nitrogen (TN) content, and OC and TN contents of macroaggregate fractions. In contrast, incorporation of organic manure (MNPK) significantly increased SOC (45.7%) and TN (24.3%) contents. Application of MNPK increased OC contents within macroaggregate-extracted fractions of cPOM (292.2%), fPOM (136.0%) and iPOM (124.0%), and TN contents within cPOM (607.1%), fPOM (242.5%) and iPOM (127.6%), but not the mineral associated organic carbon (MOM-C) and nitrogen (MOM-N) contents. Unprotected C fractions were more strongly and positively correlated with SOC increase than protected C fractions, especially for cPOM-C, indicating that SOC sequestration mainly occurred via cPOM-C in the studied calcareous soil. In conclusion, MNPK increased the quantity and stability of SOC by increasing the contents of cPOM-C and cPOM-N, suggesting that this management practice (MNPK) is an effective strategy to develop sustainable agriculture.

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Construction of high-density SNP genetic maps and QTL mapping for dwarf-related traits in Litchi chinensis Sonn

HU Fu-chu, CHEN Zhe, WANG Xiang-he, WANG Jia-bao, FAN Hong-yan, QIN Yong-hua, ZHAO Jietang, HU Gui-bing

2021, 20 (11): 2900-2913. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63387-1

Abstract （199） PDF in ScienceDirect

Litchi chinensis Sonn is widely cultivated in subtropical regions and has an important economic value. A high-density genetic map is a valuable tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted breeding programs. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based high-density linkage map was constructed by a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol using an F1 population of 178 progenies between two commercial litchi cultivars, ‘Ziniangxi’ (dwarf) and ‘Feizixiao’ (vigorous). The genetic map consisted of 3 027 SNP markers with a total length of 1 711.97 cM in 15 linkage groups (LGs) and an average marker distance of 0.57 cM. Based on this high-density linkage map and three years of phenotyping, a total of 37 QTLs were detected for eight dwarf-related traits, including length of new branch (LNB), diameter of new branch (DNB), length of common petiole (LCP), diameter of common petiole (DCP), length of internode (LI), length of single leaf (LSL), width of single leaf (WSL), and plant height (PH). These QTLs could explain 8.0 to 14.7% (mean=9.7%) of the phenotypic variation. Among them, several QTL clusters were observed, particularly on LG04 and LG11, which might show enrichment for genes regulating the dwarf-related traits in litchi. There were 126 candidate genes identified within the QTL regions, 55 of which are differentially expressed genes by RNA-seq analysis between ‘Ziniangxi’ and ‘Feizixiao’. These DEGs were found to participate in the regulation of cell development, material transportation, signal transduction, and plant morphogenesis, so they might play important roles in regulating plant dwarf-related traits. The high-density genetic map and QTLs identification related to dwarf traits can provide a valuable genetic resource and a basis for marker-assisted selection and genomic studies of litchi.

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New clues concerning pigment biosynthesis in green colored fiber provided by proteomics-based analysis

LI Yan-jun, SUN Shi-chao, ZHANG Xin-yu, WANG Xiang-fei, LIU Yong-chang, XUE Fei, SUN Jie

2018, 17 (01): 46-53. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61692-7

Abstract （623） PDF in ScienceDirect

To separate the proteins related to pigment synthesis in green colored fiber (GCF), we performed a comparative proteomic analysis to identify the differentially expressed proteins between green cotton fiber and a white near-isogenic line (NIL). One differential spot identified as phenylocumaran benzylic ether redutase-like protein (PCBER) was expressed only in GCF, but was not found in white colored fiber (WCF) at any time points. Since PCBER was a key enzyme in lignans biosynthesis, total lignans were extracted from GCF and WCF and their content was determined by using a chromotropic acid spectrophotometric method. The results showed that total lignans content in GCF was significantly higher than that in WCF. The qPCR analysis for two PLR genes associated with lignans biosynthesis showed that the expression level of two genes was much higher in GCF than that in WCF at 24 and 27 days post anthesis (DPA), which may be responsible for the higher lignans content in GCF. Our study suggested that PCBER and lignans may be responsible for the color difference between GCF and WCF. Additionally, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) staining demonstrated that the pigment in GCF was not proanthocyanidins, and was different from that in brown colored fiber (BCF). This study provided new clues for uncovering the molecular mechanisms related to pigment biosynthesis in GCF.

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Characterization of Ppd-D1 alleles on the developmental traits and rhythmic expression of photoperiod genes in common wheat

ZHAO Yong-ying, WANG Xiang, WEI Li, WANG Jing-xuan, YIN Jun

2016, 15 (3): 502-511. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61129-7

Abstract （1833） PDF in ScienceDirect

Photoperiodic response is an important characteristic that plays an important role in plant adaptability for various environments. Wheat cultivars grow widely and have high yield potential for the strong photoperiod adaptibility. To assess the photoperiodic response of different genotypes in wheat cultivars, the photoperiodic effects of the Ppd-D1 alleles and the expressions of the related TaGI, TaCO and TaFT genes in Liaochun 10 and Ningchun 36 were investigated under the short-day (6 h light, SD), moderate-day (12 h light, MD) and long-day (24 h light, LD) conditions. Amplicon length comparison indicated that the promoter of Ppd-D1 in Ningchun 36 is intact, while Liaochun 10 presented the partial sequence deletion of Ppd-D1 promoter. The durations of all developmental stages of the two cultivars were reduced by subjection to an extended photoperiod, except for the stamen and pistil differentiation stage in the Liaochun 10 cultivar. The expression levels of the Ppd-D1 alleles and the TaGI, TaCO and TaFT genes associated with the photoperiod pathway were examined over a 24-h period under SD and MD conditions. The relationships of different photoperiodic responses of the two cultivars and the expression of photoperiod pathway genes were analyzed accordingly. The photoperiod insensitive (PI) genotype plants flower early under SD; meanwhile, the abnormal expression of the Ppd-D1a allele is accompanied with an increase in TaFT1 expression and the TaCO expression variation. The results would facilitate molecular breeding in wheat.

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Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into ear leaf senescence of summer maize (Zea mays L.) under fild condition

WEI Shan-shan, WANG Xiang-yu, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-wang, ZHAO Bin, DONG Shu-ting

2016, 15 (05): 1005-1016. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61163-7

Abstract （1728） PDF in ScienceDirect

As the most important organ in plant photosynthesis, the leaf plays an important role in plant growth and development. Leaf senescence is associated with fundamental changes in the proteome. To research the molecular mechanisms of leaf senescence, protein expression in senescing maize ear leaves grown under field conditions was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). A total of 60 senescence-associated proteins were identified. The identified proteins are involved in many biological processes, especially energy, metabolism and protein synthesis. Several of the identified proteins have not been previously reported as senescence-associated, including glycine-rich RNA-binding protein.

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Characterization of Tomato Transcription Factor WUSCHEL and Functional Study in Arabidopsis

WANG Xiang, WANG Xin-guo, REN Jiang-ping, MA Ying, YIN Jun

2012, 12 (8): 1257-1265. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8654

Abstract （1514） PDF in ScienceDirect

The homeobox transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) plays a critical role in keeping the balance between the maintenance and differentiation of stem cell population in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana. The corresponding gene SlWUS is yet to be characterized in tomato. In order to characterize SlWUS gene and its biological function, we cloned it from tomato and analyzed its structure. Tissue expression showed that the SlWUS highly expressed in tomato flower abscission zone. The overexpression of SlWUS in Arabidopsis could trigger undifferentiation of plant flower organ and indeterminacy of flower identity, suggesting that SlWUS maybe involved in flower structure development as well as flower organ identity. Taken together, our results indicated that the SlWUS plays an important role in flower abscission zone and plant organ shedding.

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Generation and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Adenovirus Co-Expressing the E2 Protein of Classical Swine Fever Virus and the GP5 Protein of Porcine Reproduction and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

LI Hong-yu, SUN Yuan, ZHANG Xing-juan, CHANG Tian-ming, WANG Xiang-peng, HE Fan, HUANG Junhua , QIU Hua-ji

2011, 10 (11): 1781-1791. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60178-8

Abstract （1911） PDF in ScienceDirect

Classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are both economically important, highly contagious diseases of swine worldwide. To develop an effective vaccine to control these two diseases, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus rAdV-GP52AE2, using a replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 as a delivery vector, to co-express the GP5 protein of highly pathogenic porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A peptide was used as a linker between the GP5 and E2 proteins to allow automatic self-cleavage of the polyprotein. The GP5 and E2 genes were expressed as demonstrated by immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. Immunization of mice resulted in a CSFV-neutralizing antibody titer of 1:128 and a PRRSV-neutralizing antibody titer of 1:16. The lymphoproliferative responses were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the stimulation index of CFSV-specific and PRRSV-specific lymphocytes in the rAdV-GP52AE2 group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group. The results show that rAdV-GP52AE2 can induce both effective humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. The protective efficacy of the recombinant virus against CSF was evaluated in immunized rabbits, which were protected from fever induced by challenge with C-strain. Our study provides supporting evidence for the use of FMDV 2A to develop a bivalent genetically-engineered vaccine.

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