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Photosensitivity and a precise combination of size-dependent lambda-cyhalothrin microcapsules synergistically generate better insecticidal efficacy

GAO Yue, LUO Jian, SUN Yue, ZHANG Hua-wei, ZHANG Da-xia, LIU Feng, MU Wei, LI Bei-xing

2023, 22 (5): 1477-1488. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.081

Abstract （192） PDF in ScienceDirect

In this study, lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) loaded polyurea microcapsules (MCs) with different particle sizes were fabricated. All of the MCs showed varying degrees of physical collapse, which was more obvious among those with smaller particle sizes. MCs with particle sizes of 1.38 μm (MC-S), 5.13 μm (MC-M) and 10.05 μm (MC-L) had shell thicknesses of 39.6, 50.3 and 150.1 nm, respectively. MCs with smaller particles tended to have significantly faster release profiles, and the MC-S group had much higher bioactivity against Agrotis ipsilon and better foliar affinity on the peanut leaves (indicated by rainfastness) than MC-M and MC-L. All of the MCs exhibited light-enhanced release profiles and had much slower degradation compared with the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) group, among which MC-L had the slowest degradation. To generate MCs with both favorable quick efficacy and long-lasting efficacy, binary mixtures of MC-S, MC-M and MC-L were produced by mixing them in pairs at ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2. The mixture of MC-S:MC-L at 1:2 showed the best comprehensive efficacy in the peanut foliar spray scenario among the nine tested combinations, and its effective duration was three times longer than that of EC. Overall, the precise combination of MCs with different particle sizes can regulate the efficacy of pesticide control and serve as a strategy for the better utilization of pesticides.

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Integrating the physical and genetic map of bread wheat facilitates the detection of chromosomal rearrangements

ZHAO Lai-bin, XIE Die, HUANG Lei, ZHANG Shu-jie, LUO Jiang-tao, JIANG Bo, NING Shun-zong, ZHANG Lian-quan, YUAN Zhong-wei, WANG Ji-rui, ZHENG You-liang, LIU Deng-cai, HAO Ming

2021, 20 (9): 2333-2342. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63289-0

Abstract （118） PDF in ScienceDirect

The bread wheat genome harbors a high content of repetitive DNA, which is amenable to detection and characterization using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotyping. An integrated genetic map was derived from a recombinant inbred population bred from a cross between a synthetic hexaploid wheat and a commercial Chinese bread wheat cultivar, based on 28 variable FISH sites and >150 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. The majority (20/28) of the variable FISH sites were physically located within a chromosomal region consistent with the genetic location inferred from that of their co-segregating SNP loci. The eight exceptions reflected the presence of either a translocation (1R/1B, 1A/7A) or a presumptive intra-chromosomal inversion (4A). For eight out of the nine FISH sites detected on the Chinese Spring (CS) karyotype, there was a good match with the reference genome sequence, indicating that the most recent assembly has dealt well with the problem of placing tandem repeats. The integrated genetic map produced for wheat is informative as to the location of blocks of tandemly repeated DNA and can aid in improving the quality of the genome sequence assembly in regions surrounding these blocks.

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Identification of QTL for adult plant resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat line C33

LUO Jiang-tao, ZHENG Jian-min, WAN Hong-shen, YANG Wu-yun, LI Shi-zhao, PU Zong-jun

2020, 19 (3): 624-631. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62638-9

Abstract （158） PDF in ScienceDirect

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a serious disease in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Identification and use of adult plant resistance (APR) resources are important for stripe rust resistance breeding. Bread wheat line C33 is an exotic germplasm that has shown stable APR to stripe rust for more than 10 years in Sichuan Province of China. Here, 183 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between C33 and a susceptible line X440 were genotyped with diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers to identify resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL). Field trials were conducted in five years at Chengdu and Xindu of Sichuan Province, using maximum disease severity (MDS) as stripe rust reaction phenotypes. A total of four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, respectively designed as QYr.saas-3AS, QYr.saas-5AL, QYr.saas-5BL, and QYr.saas-7DS, explaining 4.14–15.21% of the phenotypic variances. QYr.saas-5BL and QYr.saas-7DS were contributed by C33. However, the level for stripe rust resistance contributed by them was not strong as C33, suggesting the presence of other unidentified QTLs in C33. QYr.saas-7DS corresponded to Yr18 and QYr.saas-5BL remains to be formally named. The RIL lines carrying combinations QYr.saas-5AL, QYr.saas-5BL, and QYr.saas-7DS showed comparability resistance with C33. The present study provides resources to pyramid diverse genes into locally adapted elite germplasm to improve the stripe rust resistance of bread wheat.

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Experimental infectivity of Theileria luwenshuni and Theileria uilenbergi in Chinese Kunming mice

LI You-quan, GUO Peng-fei, LIU Jun-long, LIU Zhi-jie, HAN Yuan, LI Xuan, LIU Ai-hong, GUAN Gui-quan, LIU Guang-yuan, LUO Jian-xun, YIN Hong

2018, 17 (2): 488-492. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61812-4

Abstract （606） PDF in ScienceDirect

Theileria luwenshuni and Theileria uilenbergi are important tick-borne pathogens and cause substantial losses to the sheep industry in China. The improvement in detection techniques has allowed the identification of multi-homing parasitism in Theileria parasites. Herein we evaluated the experimental infectivity of T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi in Chinese Kunming mice by screening blood samples of experimentally inoculated mice by microscopic examination (ME) and PCR. T. luwenshuni infected Chinese Kunming mice and 20 mice inoculated with this parasite were positive by ME and PCR. In addition, T. uilenbergi infected mice and 20 mice inoculated with this species were positive by ME and PCR. However, the number of red blood cells and the levels of hemoglobin of 40 infected mice had no obvious changes in the course of infection. Our results demonstrated the multi-homing parasitism of T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi, which were believed to be parasites of sheep and goats. This study was the first to demonstrate the infection of T. luwenshuni and T. uilenbergi in Kunming mice.

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Copyright © Journal of Integrative Agriculture
Sponsored by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Co-sponsored by China Association of Agricultural Science Societies (CAASS)
Publishing Service by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
Full text available online at ScienceDirect

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