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Response of grain-filling rate and grain quality of mid-season indica rice to nitrogen application

ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Yan-yan, SONG Ning-yuan, CHEN Qiu-li, SUN Hong-zheng, PENG Ting, HUANG Song, ZHAO Quan-zhi

2021, 20 (6): 1465-1473. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63311-1

Abstract （145） PDF in ScienceDirect

Nitrogen is one of the important factors for high yield of rice. Apart from high yield, high quality has become the current urgent demand for rice production. Grain-filling stage is crucial for rice yield and quality formation. However, the effect of nitrogen on grain-filling characteristics and the relationship of grain-filling characteristics and rice quality of mid-season indica rice were still unclear. A field experiment was carried out to ascertain the critical grain-filling characteristics that contribute to rice milling quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality under nitrogen applications. The results showed that nitrogen applications prolonged the duration of superior and inferior grain filling. The mean grain-filling rate (G_mean) and the maximum grain-filling rate (G_max) of the inferior grains were positively correlated with chalky kernel rate, chalkiness, and amylose content. The time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (T_max G) of the inferior grains was positively correlated with brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head milled rice rate. Chalky kernel rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with peak paste viscosity and breakdown viscosity. Less amylose content and more crude protein content were detected in nitrogen application of Liangyoupei 9 and Y Liangyou 2 both in 2016 and 2017. According to the correlation analysis, better cooking and eating quality of Y Liangyou 2 which had less amylose content might result from its higher G_maxand G_mean of inferior grain than that of Liangyoupei 9 in the treatments of nitrogen application. These results indicated that the prolonging grain-filling duration and increasing grain weight at the maximum grain-filling rate of inferior grains contributed to the improvement of milling quality, appearance quality, and cooking and eating quality of mid-season indica rice under appropriate nitrogen applications.

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Effects of Dietary Fiber and Grit on Performance, Gastrointestinal Tract Development, Lipometabolism, and Grit Retention of Goslings

JIN Ling, GAO Yu-yun, YE Hui, WANG Wen-ce, LIN Zhen-ping, YANG Hui-yong, HUANG Song-bo , YANG Lin

2014, 13 (12): 2731-2740. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60729-7

Abstract （1122） PDF in ScienceDirect

This study investigated effects of dietary fibre and grit on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, serum indexes and grit retention of Sichuan white goslings in China. The experiment was a 3×2 factorial design consisting of dietary crude fibre (CF) at 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0% levels by adding grass meal and with or without grit supplementation. A total of 720 1-d-old male goslings were randomly allocated into 36 pens of 20 goslings/pen (n=6 pens/treatment). At 21 d of age, GIT, blood samples and grit in gizzards were collected. Body weight (BW), empty BW (without GIT), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were affected by CF levels and the medium (4.0%) had the highest value. Adding grit improved BW, empty BW, ADG and ADFI. CF affected relative weight or length of proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum. Increasing CF levels decreased jejunum villus height and affected caecal crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio. Higher CF levels decreased serum triglyceride. Adding grit increased relative weight of abdominal fat. Grit addition increased grit weight in gizzard and the ratio of grit in 0.45-1 and 1-2 mm while decreasing the ratio of grit <0.45 and 2-3 mm. In conclusion, moderate CF level and grit addition increased performance of goslings without interaction. Dietary CF levels affected the development of upper GIT and serum triglyceride. Grit needed by goslings should be less than 2 mm. Goslings’ gizzard would accumulate grit from feed when other grit could not be acquired.

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Myostatin promotes proliferation of bovine muscle satellite cells through activating TRPC4/Ca²⁺/Calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway

Yajie Gao, Song Wang, Anqi Di, Chao Hai, Di Wu, Zhenting Hao, Lige Bu, Xuefei Liu, Chunling Bai, Guanghua Su, Lishuang Song, Zhuying Wei, Zhonghua Liu, Lei Yang, Guangpeng Li

DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.020 Online: 16 May 2024

Abstract （30） PDF in ScienceDirect

Myostatin (MSTN) is principally expressed in skeletal muscle and negatively regulates muscle growth and development. MSTN mutation can induce muscle overgrowth in cattle by activating cell proliferation, presenting a “double-muscle” phenotype. However, the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we found that Ca²⁺ content in muscle tissue and muscle satellite cells of MSTN mutated (MSTN^-/-) cattle were significantly increased compared to wild-type (WT). Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of muscle satellite cells revealed that TRPC4 was significantly increased in MSTN^-/-cattle. And the expression of TRPC4 in muscle tissue of MSTN^-/- cattle was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, which was significantly higher than that of WT. These results suggested that MSTN mutation promoted muscle satellite cells proliferation through activation of TRPC4 channel. To further verify, ML204, a specific inhibitor of TRPC4, was used to treat MSTN^-/- muscle satellite cells. We found that cell proliferation was inhibited, Calcineurin expression was downregulated, and the entry of NFATc3 into nuclei was reduced, which was similar to WT group. Thus, MSTN mutation leads to the activation of TRPC4 channel, which increases intracellular Ca²⁺content, further activates Calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway, and ultimately promotes the proliferation of muscle satellite cells.

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Functional insights into the FW2.2-like gene family in Chinese jujube: Identification, characterization, and impact of ZjFWL10 variants on fruit size and plant height

Meiyu Li, Liyun Mao, Shuang Song, Decang Kong, Ming Cao, Lijun Jiao, Wenhao Bo, Xiaoming Pang

DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.017 Online: 18 February 2025

Abstract （4） PDF in ScienceDirect

The FW2.2-like (FWL) gene family has been extensively investigated across various species, revealing conserved functions among certain members in organ development, especially in regulating fruit size. Therefore, for species with limited research foundations, such as Chinese jujube, analyzing this gene family serves as an effective strategy for identifying candidate genes for fruit size. In this study, twenty ZjFWL genes were identified. Their chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, evolutionary dynamics, expression patterns, and cis-acting elements in their promoters were comprehensively analyzed. Natural variation analysis of the ZjFWL10 sequence revealed a significant correlation between a seven-base pair deletion in the conserved domain and the size of jujube fruits. To validate the functional implications of the seven-base pair deletion genotype, we conducted heterologous overexpression experiments in tomatoes, generating three overexpression lines. Comparative analysis with the wild-type revealed a significant reduction in fruit size, coupled with a notable increase in plant height, in the overexpressed lines. It is speculated that this gene may play a crucial role in the nutritional allocation of jujube, ultimately influencing fruit size. These findings provide crucial insights into the mechanisms governing fruit size regulation and serve as valuable references for genetic improvement efforts targeting jujube fruit size.

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Copyright © Journal of Integrative Agriculture
Sponsored by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Co-sponsored by China Association of Agricultural Science Societies (CAASS)
Publishing Service by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
Full text available online at ScienceDirect

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