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A single nucleotide substitution in the MATE transporter gene regulates plastochron and many noded dwarf phenotype in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

GUO Bao-jian, SUN Hong-wei, QI Jiang, HUANG Xin-yu, HONG Yi, HOU Jian, LÜ Chao, WANG Yu-lin, WANG Fei-fei, ZHU Juan, GUO Gang-gang, XU Ru-gen

2023, 22 (8): 2295-2305. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.006

Abstract （366） PDF in ScienceDirect

In higher plants, the shoot apical meristem produces lateral organs in a regular spacing (phyllotaxy) and timing (plastochron). The molecular analysis of mutants associated with phyllotaxy and plastochron would increase our understanding of the mechanism of shoot architecture formation. In this study, we identified mutant mnd8^ynp5 that shows an increased rate of leaf emergence and a larger number of nodes in combination with a dwarfed growth habit from an EMS-treated population of the elite barley cultivar Yangnongpi 5. Using a map-based cloning strategy, the mnd8 gene was narrowed down to a 6.7-kb genomic interval on the long arm of chromosome 5H. Sequence analysis revealed that a C to T single-nucleotide mutation occurred at the first exon (position 953) of HORVU5Hr1G118820, leading to an alanine (Ala) to valine (Val) substitution at the 318th amino acid site. Next, HORVU5Hr1G118820 was defined as the candidate gene of MND8 encoding 514 amino acids and containing two multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) domains. It is highly homologous to maize Bige1 and has a conserved function in the regulation of plant development by controlling the leaf initiation rate. Examination of modern barely varieties showed that Hap-1 was the dominant haplotype and was selected in barley breeding around the world. Collectively, our results indicated that mnd8^ynp5 is a novel allele of the HORVU5Hr1G118820 gene that is possibly responsible for the shortened plastochron and many noded dwarf phenotype in barley.

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Effects of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic fat accumulation of Holstein dairy bulls

ZHANG Zhen, LIU Qiang, WANG Cong, GUO Gang, HUO Wen-jie, ZHANG Yan-li, PEI Cai-xia, ZHANG Shuan-lin

2020, 19 (4): 1074-1084. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62752-8

Abstract （135） PDF in ScienceDirect

This study evaluated the effects of palm fat powder (PFP) and coated folic acid (CFA) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, hepatic lipid content and gene expression in dairy bulls. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bulls ((362±12.4) days of age and (483±27.1) kg of body weight (BW)) were assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangements. Supplemental PFP (0 or 30 g PFP kg^–1 dietary dry matter (DM)) and CFA (0 or 120 mg FA d^–1 as CFA) were mixed into the top one-third of a total mixed ration. The study included a 20-day adaptation period and followed by a 90-day collection period. The lower (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio with PFP or CFA addition resulted from the constant DM intake and the higher (P<0.05) average daily gain. The higher (P<0.05) ruminal pH, ether extract digestibility, microbial α-amylase activity, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens copy, and expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT1), and lower ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility, copies of total protozoa and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACACA) were observed for PFP addition. Supplementation with CFA increased (P<0.05) ruminal total VFA concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and NDF, activity of cellobiase, pectinase and α-amylase, copies of selected microbial except for total protozoa, as well as expression of PPARα, but decreased (P<0.05) ruminal pH, and expression of SREBP1 and ACACA. The PFP×CFA interaction (P<0.05) was observed for ammonia N, hepatic TG content, and mRNA expression of CPT1 and FAS. There had no significant difference in hepatic TG content when CFA was supplemented in the diet without PFP addition, the lower (P=0.001) hepatic TG content was observed when CFA was supplemented in the diet with PFP addition. The higher (P<0.05) mRNA expression of CPT1, and the lower (P<0.05) mRNA expression of FAS and ammonia N concentration were observed when CFA was supplemented in diet either without or with PFP addition. The results indicated that supplementation of CFA in PFP diet was more effective on increasing hepatic CPT1 expression, and decreasing ammonia N, hepatic TG content and FAS expression than in diet without PFP. Supplementation with PFP or CFA improved growth performance of dairy bulls by promoting nutrient utilization, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, and hepatic gene expression.

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The effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculums on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations and cellulase activities of corn stover silage

GUO Gang, SHEN Chen, LIU Qiang, ZHANG Shuan-lin, SHAO Tao, WANG Cong, WANG Yong-xin, XU Qing-fang, HUO Wen-jie

2020, 19 (3): 838-847. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62707-3

Abstract （138） PDF in ScienceDirect

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculums on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of corn stover silage. Corn stover was ensiled without (control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Enterococcus faecalis (EF), and Enterococcus mundtii (EM) for 45 days. The fermentation characteristics were assessed, and subsequent in vitro dry matter digestibility (DM-D), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDF-D), volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane (CH₄) production, cellulolytic bacteria proportions and their activities per corn stover silage were also determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the silage pH, lactic acid, crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and lignocelluloses contents of different treatments. The relative proportions of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes, carboxymethyl-ocellulose and β-glycosidase activities, DM-D, NDF-D, and VFA production of in vitro incubation was higher (P<0.05) for silages inoculated with LP and EF than those of the control silage. Silage inoculated with LP showed the lowest (P<0.05) CH₄ production per unit yield of VFA, which was positively corresponded to the lowest (P<0.05) ratio of acetate to propionate. In summary, the ensiling fermentation quality and subsequent utilization of corn stover silage were efficiently improved by inoculated with L. plantarum.

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Effects of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage prepared with rice straw, local vegetable by-products and alfalfa in Southeast China

WANG Jian, CHEN Lei, YUAN Xian-jun, GUO Gang, LI Jun-feng, BAI Yun-feng, SHAO Tao

2017, 16 (03): 664-671. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61473-9

Abstract （987） PDF in ScienceDirect

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage ensiled rice straw and vegetable by-products with alfalfa. Mixture (202 g kg^–1 dry matter (DM)) consisting of rice straw, broccoli residue and alfalfa at the ratio of 5:4:1 was ensiled with three experimental treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) molasses at 2.5% (M1); (3) molasses at 5% (M2) on a fresh matter basis of mixture, respectively. All treatments were packed into laboratory-scale silos, and three silos per treatment were sampled on days 1, 3, 5, 14 and 30. The result showed that the pH value of all mixed silages decreased gradually with the time of ensiling except for the control silage, in which a significant increase (P<0.05) on day 30 occurred. The lactic acid content increased gradually with the time of ensiling and reached the highest value on day 14, and a marked decrease (P<0.05) was found in the control silage on day 30. The changes of acetic acid content showed similar pattern with lactic acid content. A trace amount of propionic and butyric acid contents were found in the three mixed silages during the fermentation period. Comparing to the control, M1 and M2 treatments improved the fermentation quality of mixed silages as indicated by higher (P<0.05) lactic acid contents and lower (P<0.05) pH and ammonia-N contents. The Flieg points also showed that M1 and M2 silages were well preserved, whereas the control silage had a bad quality. Overall, the findings of this study suggested that adding molasses could improve fermentation quality of mixed silage, and M1 was more suitable for practical application.

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Genetic parameters for somatic cell score and production traits in the first three lactations of Chinese Holstein cows

ZHAO Fu-ping, GUO Gang, WANG Ya-chun, GUO Xiang-yu, ZHANG Yuan, DU Li-xin

2015, 14 (1): 125-130. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60758-9

Abstract （1666） PDF in ScienceDirect

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of lactation average somatic cell scores (LSCS) and examine genetic associations between LSCS and production traits in the first three lactations of Chinese Holstein cows using single-parity multi-trait animal model and multi-trait repeatability animal model. There were totally 273 605 lactation records of Chinese Holstein cows with first calving from 2001 to 2012. Heritability estimates for LSCS ranged from 0.144 to 0.187. Genetic correlations between LSCS and 305 days milk, protein percentage and fat percentage were –0.079, –0.082 and –0.135, respectively. Phenotypic correlation between LSCS and 305 days milk yield was negative (–0.103 to –0.190). Genetic correlation between 305 days milk and fat percentage or protein percentage was highly negative. Genetic correlation between milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage was highly favorable. Heritabilities of production traits decreased with increase of parity, whereas heritability of LSCS increased with increase of parity.

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