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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2026, Vol. 25 Issue (7): 2635-2668    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.04.028
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Plant-pathogen interactions and transmissions: Unraveling the complex role of pathogen vectors in disease ecology

Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara1, Arzlan Abbas2, Aroge Temitope2, Lei Li2, Guohua Duan1, Wenxian Sun1, 3#

1 Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

2 College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China

3 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

 Highlights 
Multifaceted roles of vectors in pathogen transmissions.
Mechanistic insights into transmission pathways.
Physiological interactions in vector-pathogen-host systems. 
Strategic significance for sustainable plant disease management.
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Abstract  

Plant–pathogen interactions are complex, multifaceted processes involving various participants, including insect vectors and parasitic plants, that play a crucial role in the spread of plant diseases.  This review explores the intricate relationships between plants, pathogens, and insect vectors, emphasizing these interactions’ ecological and epidemiological significance.  Insect vectors, such as aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, and beetles, transmit various plant pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and phytoplasmas, through different mechanisms.  The transmission mode can be direct or indirect, continuous or discontinuous, depending on the biology of the pathogen and the insect vector.  We differentiate between noncirculative and circulative pathogen transmission pathways and describe how pathogen movement within insect bodies influences their ability to spread diseases to new plant hosts.  The impacts of these interactions extend beyond agricultural productivity to encompass significant economic losses, environmental challenges, and potential human health risks due to excessive use of chemical controls.  Understanding these complex dynamics is essential for designing effective disease management strategies and developing environmentally sustainable control measures.  This review synthesizes current knowledge on the transmission mechanisms, types of plant pathogens, and the consequences of insect-mediated disease spread, providing insights crucial for advancing plant protection and integrated pest management practices.



Keywords:  phytopathogen–insect interactions       transmission mechanism       insect vector borne diseases       host vulnerability       environmental influences  
Received: 27 November 2024   Accepted: 06 April 2025 Online: 25 April 2025  
Fund: 

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32430090 and 32293241), the Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory and the China National Seed Group (B23YQ1514/B23CQ15EP), and the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province, China (20240303006NC and 20240304122SF).

About author:  Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara, E-mail: zulqarnain.dara@pakps.com; #Correspondence Wenxian Sun, E-mail: wxs@cau.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara, Arzlan Abbas, Aroge Temitope, Lei Li, Guohua Duan, Wenxian Sun. 2026. Plant-pathogen interactions and transmissions: Unraveling the complex role of pathogen vectors in disease ecology. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(7): 2635-2668.

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