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Special Issue:
玉米遗传育种合辑Maize Genetics · Breeding · Germplasm Resources
玉米耕作栽培合辑Maize Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage
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| Difference in corn kernel moisture content between pre- and post-harvest |
| LI Lu-lu, MING Bo, XUE Jun, GAO Shang, WANG Ke-ru, XIE Rui-zhi, HOU Peng, LI Shao-kun |
| Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R.China |
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摘要
玉米田间籽粒收获相对于穗收能够节省后续运输、晾晒和脱粒等环节的人工成本，然而粒收后籽粒含水率出现升高的现象，降低了籽粒品质。为明确收获前后籽粒含水率差异的原因，本研究利用黄淮海平原多年多点玉米粒收试验以及在籽粒不同含水率阶段的分期收获试验，观测收获前、后籽粒含水率，破碎率，杂质率以及植株各器官含水率。在多年多点试验中，411组测试样本表明，粒收作业后籽粒含水率较收获前含水率值平均高出2.2%。分期收获试验结果表明，当收前籽粒含水率低于23.9%时，收获前、后测试结果没有显著差异，而当收前含水率高于23.9%后，收获后籽粒含水率测试值显著升高；收获后籽粒含水率增加值与收前籽粒含水率、破碎率、杂质率呈极显著正相关。通常，黄淮海夏玉米区收获期植株成熟度低、籽粒含水率高，造成较多的破碎和杂质，进而导致收获后籽粒含水率测试值升高。因此，我们建议选择生育后期植株落黄快的品种，并适当延迟收获期，降低收前籽粒含水率，从而降低破碎率和杂质率，提高收获后籽粒品质，推动中国玉米粒收发展。
Abstract The harvest method of shelling corn (Zea mays L.) kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting, drying and threshing the crop. However, it was previously found that the kernel moisture content increased after field harvest, which decreased the value of corn kernels. To identify the reasons underlying the increase, we conducted a multi-year and -area trial in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China and performed a staged-harvest test at several phases of kernel dry-down. The test investigated a range of parameters such as the kernel moisture content pre- and post-harvest, the kernel breakage rate, the amount of impurities, and the moisture content of various other plant tissues. An analysis of 411 pairs of pre- and post-harvest samples found that kernel moisture content after harvest was 2.2% higher than that before harvest. In the staged-harvest test, however, a significant increase was only observed when the kernel moisture content before harvest was higher than 23.9%. The increase in post-harvest kernel moisture content was positively associated with the pre-harvest kernel moisture content, breakage rate and impurity rate. Typically, at harvest time in this region, there is a significant fraction of immature crops with a high moisture content, resulting in kernels that are prone to breakage or impurities that ultimately lead to increases in water content after harvest. Therefore, we suggest using hybrids that quickly wither late in the growing stage. Additionally, farmers should delay harvest in order to minimize the pre-harvest kernel moisture content and thus reduce breakages and impurities, thereby improving the quality of kernels after harvest and the efficiency of corn kernel farming in China.
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Received: 06 January 2020
Accepted:
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| Fund: This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300110), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971849), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-25), and the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence LI Shao-kun, Tel: +86-10-82108891, E-mail: lishaokun@caas.cn; MING Bo, Tel: +86-10-82105791, E-mail: mingbo@caas.cn
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| About author: LI Lu-lu, E-mail: lilulu19910818@163.com |
Cite this article:
LI Lu-lu, MING Bo, XUE Jun, GAO Shang, WANG Ke-ru, XIE Rui-zhi, HOU Peng, LI Shao-kun.
2021.
Difference in corn kernel moisture content between pre- and post-harvest. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20(7): 1775-1782.
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