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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2026, Vol. 25 Issue (2): 824-827    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.08.006
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Co-circulation of H3N2 canine influenza and distemper viruses in canine populations from Liaoning, China

Siqi Tang*, Yaoqi Wang*, Xiaorui Zhang, Hailing Li, Haoyu Leng, Yali Feng, Ying Zhang#

Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Educatio/Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station/College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
 Highlights 
Co-circulation and high-frequency co-infection (up to 66.67%) of H3N2 canine influenza virus and canine distemper virus were first reported in dog population, with no significant genetic variation in CIV observed during co-infection.
The canine distemper epidemic was a key driver of the sharp increase in canine influenza virus prevalence, with statistical analysis revealing a significant positive correlation that may be primarily attributed to CDV-induced immunosuppression.
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摘要  

目的:甲型流感病毒(IAV)可感染多种动物,包括犬类。犬流感病毒(CIV)主要有H3N8和H3N2亚型,其中H3N2在中国犬群中流行率较高(5.63%)。犬与人类接触密切,可能导致人流感病毒与犬流感病毒交叉感染及基因重组,从而引发公共卫生风险。辽宁省作为中国重要的宠物犬交易集散地,需加强犬类病原体流行情况的监测与防控。本研究对辽宁省某动物收容所CIV与犬瘟热病毒(CDV)的共感染情况展开调查,分析其流行病学特征,并探讨共感染对CIV传播风险的影响。

方法:2018—2024年期间,本研究对辽宁省某动物收容所开展系统性监测,采用RT-PCR方法检测CIV、CDV及犬副流感病毒(CPIV)等常见犬呼吸道病原体。对PCR阳性样本进一步进行病毒分离培养及全基因组测序,并通过系统发育分析与中国其他地区流行毒株进行遗传进化比对。基于监测数据,采用多元线性回归模型分析CIV流行率与CDV、CPIV共感染之间的流行病学关联。

结果:

1. 监测数据显示,2018-2022年间CIV总体阳性率为6.18%,主要检出H3N2、H3N6和H9N2三种亚型。值得注意的是,2023年4-10月期间出现显著流行高峰,CIV感染率急剧上升至26.67%-70.83%。同期CDV暴发流行,阳性率达16.67%-79.17%,两种病毒的共感染率最高达到66.67%,呈现明显的协同流行趋势。

2. 遗传进化分析:从共感染样品中分离的16株CIV毒株HA基因与辽宁地区其他分离株的核苷酸同源性为97.8%~100%。全基因组分析表明,其代表毒株未携带PB2-E627K、HA-Q226L等已知传播力增强相关突变位点。此外,分离的CDV毒株H基因与当地流行株同源性达98.0%~100%,均属于Asia-1基因型。

3. 共感染相关性:CIV与CDV的感染显著正相关(p<0.001),提示两种病毒可能存在协同传播机制;而CIV与CPIV的感染未发现统计学关联p=0.628)。

结论:本研究首次证实CIV与CDV存在协同流行现象,揭示CDV暴发可显著提升CIV传播风险,其机制可能与CDV引起的免疫抑制效应相关。值得注意的是,尽管共感染未导致病毒关键遗传特征改变,但显著提高了CIV的流行强度。建议加强犬类疫苗接种和共感染监测,以降低公共卫生威胁。

创新性:

1. 首次揭示CIV与CDV之间存在流行病学关联;

2. 提出CDV通过免疫抑制机制促进CIV传播的假说。



Received: 08 April 2025   Accepted: 12 July 2025 Online: 05 August 2025  
Fund: 

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1800200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170539). 

About author:  Siqi Tang, E-mail: 2022200180@stu.syau.edu.cn; Ying Zhang, E-mail: yingzhang18@syau.edu.cn * These authors contribute equally to this manuscript.

Cite this article: 

Siqi Tang, Yaoqi Wang, Xiaorui Zhang, Hailing Li, Haoyu Leng, Yali Feng, Ying Zhang. 2026. Co-circulation of H3N2 canine influenza and distemper viruses in canine populations from Liaoning, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(2): 824-827.

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