|
Special Issue:
棉花合辑Cotton
|
|
|
|
| Control of cotton pests and diseases by intercropping: A review |
CHI Bao-jie1, ZHANG Dong-mei1, DONG He-zhong1, 2, 3 |
1 Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, P.R.China
2 College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P.R.China
3 College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P.R.China |
|
|
|
|
摘要
棉花是易遭受病虫为害的世界性重要农作物。长期以来，棉花病虫害防治主要依靠化学农药。虽然化学防治的效果明显，但长期使用化学杀虫剂会导致害虫抗药性增强、天敌减少、自然控制力下降以及环境污染。随着人们环保意识的增强和棉花可持续生产的需要，利用间作等生物手段防治棉花病虫害日益受到重视。棉花与其他作物间作可以在不影响棉花品质的前提下，显著提高间作系统的产量、产值和经济效益。间作还通过改变农田生态结构和环境条件，增加天敌数量，减少某些病虫害的发生。棉田间作是降低棉花与粮食或其他经济作物争地的有效途径，也是增加棉田天敌数量生态控制棉田病虫害的重要策略。然而，不合理的间作也会增加用工成本，降低病虫害防效。本文评述了间作在防治棉花病虫害方面的作用和机理，以及对棉田间作系统的有效管理；讨论了间作防治棉花病虫害的风险和局限性，以及需要进一步研究的内容和应用前景。为设计经济可行和生态友好的棉田间作模式 (系统) 控制病虫害发生、减少化学农药投入、降低棉花生产成本提供指导。
Abstract Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a globally important crop that is often damaged by pests and diseases. Current cotton pests and diseases management is dependent on chemical pesticides. Although chemical pesticides are usually effective, long-term application of these pesticides often leads to increased insecticide resistance in the pests, fewer natural enemies, reduced natural control, and a degraded environment. Because of increased environmental awareness and the need for sustainable cotton production, the control of cotton pests and diseases using biological means like intercropping is increasingly receiving attention. Intercropping of cotton with other crops can often boost the total yield and output of the intercropping system and provide significant economic benefits without sacrificing cotton quality. Intercropping also increases the number of natural enemies, and reduces the occurrence of cotton pests and diseases by altering the ecological structure and environmental conditions in the fields. Cotton-based intercropping is an effective strategy to reduce the competition between cotton and grain or other economic crops for arable land. It is also an important way to increase the populations of natural enemies in cotton fields for the management of pests and diseases. However, inappropriate intercropping can also increase labor requirements and even result in inadequate control of pests and diseases. This review focuses on the performance and the mechanisms of intercropping for reducing cotton pests and disease as well as on the effective management of intercropping systems. The risks and limitations, as well as the study approaches needed and the prospects of intercropping for the control of cotton pests and diseases, are also discussed. This information is intended to aid researchers and growers in designing economically viable and ecologically friendly pest and disease management strategies that will reduce the use of chemicals and the cost of cotton production.
|
|
Received: 08 April 2020
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFD1001002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771718 and 31801307), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-15-15). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence ZHANG Dong-mei, E-mail: dmzhang66@126.com; DONG He-zhong, Tel: +86-531-66659255, Fax: +86-531-66658678, E-mail: donghezhong@163.com
|
| About author: CHI Bao-jie, E-mail: blchibaojie@126.com; |
Cite this article:
CHI Bao-jie, ZHANG Dong-mei, DONG He-zhong.
2021.
Control of cotton pests and diseases by intercropping: A review. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20(12): 3089-3100.
|
Acharya P, Mir S A, Nayak B. 2017. Competence of biopesticide and neem in agriculture. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2, 2944–2957.
Akhtar M N, Farooq A. 2019. Environmental impact of bollworms infestation on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51, 2099–2106.
Amin M R, Islam M S, Hasan M K, Sabagh A E L. 2018. Improvement of production and net economic return through intercropping of upland cotton with mungbean. Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 5, 67–75.
Andow D A. 1991. Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response. Annual Review of Entomology, 36, 561–586.
Atkinson G F. 1892. Some diseases of cotton. Alabama Polytechnical Institute of Agriculture-Experimental Station Bulletin, 41, 61–65.
Back M A, Haydock P P J, Jenkinson P. 2002. Disease complexes involving plant parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens. Plant Pathology, 51, 683–697.
Bai Y L, Zhou H T. 1982. The effect of suppressing cotton aphid population by interplanting Trigonella foenum-graecun L. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 25, 350. (in Chinese)
Bastola A, Parajulee M N, Porter R P, Shrestha R B, Chen F J, Carroll S C. 2016. Intercrop movement of convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), between adjacent cotton and alfalfa. Insect Science, 23, 145–156.
Bredeson M M, Lundgren J G. 2015. A survey of the foliar and soil arthropod communities in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) fields of central and eastern South Dakota. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 88, 305–315.
Burgio G, Kristensen H L, Campanelli G, Bavec F, Bavec M, von Fragstein P, Depalo L, Lanzoni A, Canali S. 2014. Effect of living mulch on pest/beneficial interaction. Building Organic Bridges, 3, 741–744.
Cai Y, He X, Mo J, Sun Q, Yang J, Liu J. 2009. Molecular research and genetic engineering of resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 7363–7372.
Castle S J. 2006. Concentration and management of Bemisia tabaci in cantaloupe as a trap crop for cotton. Crop Protection, 25, 574–584.
Chao H, Zhang D H, Xu L, Liao K. 2007. Study on microclimatic horizontal distribution law of apricot cotton intercropping system. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 30, 35–39. (in Chinese)
Chen M, Luo J C, Li G Q. 2011. Evaluating alfalfa cutting as a potential measure to enhance predator abundance of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) in cotton–alfalfa intercropping system. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 19, 922–926. (in Chinese)
Cheng H L, Zhao H L, Li R Z. 2016. Research and Application of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Shandong Science and Technology Press, Jinan. pp. 183–191. (in Chinese)
Chi B, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zhang X, Dai J, Dong H. 2019. Wide-strip intercropping of cotton and peanut combined with strip rotation increases crop productivity and economic returns. Field Crops Research, 243, 107617.
Cook S M, Khan Z R, Pickett J A. 2007. The use of push-pull strategies in integrated pest management. Annual Review of Entomology, 52, 375–400.
Cui A H, Du C L, Huang G Q. 2016. Preliminary study on microclimate effects of cotton field intercropping in upland red soil. Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research, 39, 290–294. (in Chinese)
Dai J, Dong H. 2014. Intensive cotton farming technologies in China: Achievements, challenges and countermeasures. Field Crops Research, 155, 99–110.
Dang X, Liu J, Paniguli A, Wang J, Wei C, Zhang L, Li L. 2011. Cotton fiber quality in cotton-based intercropping systems. China Cotton, 38, 18–20. (in Chinese)
Deguine J P, Ferron P, Russell D. 2008. Sustainable pest management for cotton production. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28, 113–137.
Downes S, Mahon R J, Rossiter L, Kauter G, Leven T. 2010. Adaptive management of pest resistance by Helicoverpa species (Noctuidae) in Australia to the Cry2Ab Bt toxin in Bollgard II® cotton. Evolutionary Applications, 3, 574–584.
Fernandes F S, Godoy W A, Ramalho F S, Malaquias J B, Santos B D. 2018. The behavior of Aphis gossypii and Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and of their predator Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in cotton-cowpea intercropping systems. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 90, 373–383.
Fernandes F S, Ramalho F S, Nascimento A R B, Malaquias J B, Da Silva C A D, Zanuncio J C. 2012. Within-plant distribution of cotton aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in cotton with colored fibers and cotton–fennel intercropping system. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105, 599–607.
Goodell P B, Eckert J W. 1998. Using buffer crops to mitigate Lygus migration in San Joaquin Valley cotton. In: Proceedings, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, January 5–9, 1998. San Diego, California. pp. 1192–1194.
Gould F. 1998. Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: Integrating pest genetics and ecology. Annual Review of Entomology, 43, 701–726.
Guo J, Wan F, Hu Y, Yan Y. 2007. Effects of crop arrangement patterns on arthropod community structure in transgenic boll-worm-resistant cotton fields. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 18, 2061–2068. (in Chinese)
Guo R S, Tian L W, Lin T, Cui J P, Xu H J, Tang Q X. 2014. Effect of jujube–cotton intercropping on characteristics of microclimate during cotton flowering and boll-setting period and cotton yield. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 23, 92–98. (in Chinese)
Guo X Q, Fu X W, Feng H Q, Qiu F, Guo X R. 2008. Effects of host plants on the development, survival and fecundity of Adelphocoris suturalis Jalovlev (Hemiptera: Miridae). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28, 1514–1520.
Himmelstein J, Ares A, Gallagher D, Myers J. 2017. A meta-analysis of intercropping in Africa: Impacts on crop yield, farmer income, and integrated pest management effects. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 15, 1–10.
Huang J, Hao H F. 2020. Effects of climate change and crop planting structure on the abundance of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ecology and Evolution, 10, 1324–1338.
Hulsekemp A M, Ashrafi H, Zheng X, Wang F, Hoegenauer K A, Maeda A, Yang S S, Stoffel K, Matvienko M, Clemons K, Udall J A, Deynze A V, Jones D C, Stelly D M. 2014. Development and bin mapping of gene-associated interspecific SNPs for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) introgression breeding efforts. BMC Genomics, 15, 945–945.
Jado R H, Araj S E, Abu-Irmaileh B, Shields M W, Wratten S D. 2019. Floral resources to enhance the potential of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani for biological control of the aphid Myzus persicae. Journal of Applied Entomology, 143, 34–42.
Johnson A W, Minton N A, Brenneman T B, Burton G W, Culbreath A K, Gascho G J, Baker S H. 1999. Bahiagrass, corn, cotton rotations, and pesticides for managing nematodes, diseases, and insects on peanut. Journal of Nematology, 31, 191–200.
Jones G A, Gillett J L. 2005. Intercropping with sunflowers to attract beneficial insects in organic agriculture. Florida Entomologist, 88, 91–96.
Jordan D L, Corbett T, Bogle C, Shew B, Brandenburg R, Ye W. 2017. Effect of previous rotation on plant parasitic nematode population in peanut and crop yield. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, 3, 1–7.
Kadam D, Kadam D, Lekurwale R. 2014. Seasonal incidence of sucking pests of Bt cotton in different intercropping systems and their natural enemies. Journal of Plant Pest Science, 1, 29–34.
Kirkpatrick T Y, Sasser J N. 1983. Parasitic variability of Meloidogyne incognita populations on susceptible and resistant cotton. Journal of Nematology, 14, 302–307.
Kumar R, Turkhede A B, Nagar R K, Kumar R. 2017. Effect of American cotton based intercropping system on yield, quality and economics. Research in Environment and Life Sciences, 10, 75–77.
Landis D A, Wratten S D, Gurr G M. 2000. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annual Review of Entomology, 45, 175–201.
Lawrence K, Hagan A, Hu J, Faske T, Hutmacher R, Mueller J, Small I, Grabau Z, Kemerait B, Price P, Allen T, Atwell S, Idowu J, Thiessen L, Byrd S, Goodson J, Kelly H, Wheeler T, Isaleit T, Mehl H L. 2019. Cotton disease loss estimate committee report, 2018. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Cordova: National Cotton Council, New Orleans, LA.
Layton M B, Stewart S D. 2000. Cultural controls for the management of Lygus populations in cotton. Southwestern Entomologist, 23, 83–95.
Li H, Li Q, Wang D, Liu J, Zhang J, Lu Y. 2020. Effect of a cotton intercrop on spider mite populations in jujube trees. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 23, 167–171.
Li H, Pan H, Wang D, Liu B, Liu J, Zhang J, Lu Y. 2018. Intercropping with fruit trees increases population abundance and alters species composition of spider mites on cotton. Environment Entomology, 47, 781–787.
Li J H, Liu B, Pan H S, Luo S P, Wyckhuys K A G, Yuan H B, Lu Y H. 2019. Buckwheat strip crops increase parasitism of Apolygus lucorum in cotton. BioControl, 64, 645–654.
Li X G, De Boer W, Zhang Y N, Ding C F, Zhang T L, Wang X X. 2018. Suppression of soil-borne Fusarium pathogens of peanut by intercropping with the medicinal herb Atractylodes lancea. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 116, 120–130.
Lin R, Liang H, Zhang R, Tian C, Ma Y. 2003. Impact of alfalfa/cotton intercropping and management on some aphid predators in China. Journal of Applied Entomology, 126, 33–36.
Liu S J, Zhou Y P. 2018. Summary of measures to control cotton rotten in Hebei planting cotton area. Cotton Sciences, 40, 39–40. (in Chinese)
Lopes T, Hatt S, Xu Q, Chen J, Liu Y. Francis F. 2016. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based intercropping systems for biological pest control. Pest Management Science, 72, 2193–2202.
Lu X Y, Li S Y, Zhu J B, Cheng F R, Liu F Z, Jiang B L, Yu C. 2017. Effect of spring corn and cotton intercropping on the population dynamics of Aphis gossypii and Rhopalosiphum maidis. China Cotton, 44, 24–27. (in Chinese)
Lu Y, Wu K, Jiang Y, Guo Y, Desneux N. 2012. Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services. Nature, 487, 362–365.
Luo J, Zhang S, Wang C, Lyu L, Li C, Cui J. 2014. Ecological effects of different trap crop to sucking pests and natural enemies in cotton fields. China Cotton, 41, 14–16. (in Chinese)
Mao L, Zhang L, Evers J B, Werf W, Liu S, Zhang S, Wang B, Li Z. 2015. Yield components and quality of intercropped cotton in response to mepiquat chloride and plant density. Field Crops Research, 179, 63–71.
Meng Q H, Zhao F T, Wang F M, Song C X. 2017. The high-yield and efficiency cultivation techniques of cotton in wide space intercropping with maize. Tillage and Cultivation, 6, 72–74. (in Chinese)
Miller G, Greene J. 2018. Intercropping seedless watermelon and cotton. HortScience, 53, 1799–1803.
Ning C, Qu J, He L, Yang R, Chen Q, Luo S, Cai K. 2017. Improvement of yield, pest control and Si nutrition of rice by rice–water spinach intercropping. Field Crops Research, 208, 34–43.
Ninkovic V, Pettersson J. 2003. Searching behaviour of the sevenspotted ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata - effects of plant–plant odour interaction. Oikos, 100, 65–70.
Niu S G, Wang Q H, Liu X H, Zhang S J, Wang X N, Song G C. 2011. Study on occurrence regularity and control technique of Lygus lucorum in Dongying region. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 4, 83–85. (in Chinese)
Patki S S, Sable G S. 2016. A review: Cotton leaf disease detection. IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing, 6, 78–81.
Penca C, Hodges A C, Davis L L L, Lepla N C, Hochmuth R C. 2017. Abundance and diversity of beneficial and pest arthropods in buckwheat on blueberry and vegetable farms in north Florida. Florida Entomologist, 100, 186–189.
Phoofolo M W, Giles K L, Elliott N C. 2010. Effects of relay-intercropping sorghum with winter wheat, alfalfa, and cotton on lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) abundance and species composition. Environmental Entomology, 39, 763–774.
Prasifka J R, Heinz K M, Sansone C G. 2004. Timing, magnitude, rates, and putative causes of predator movement between cotton and grain sorghum fields. Environmental Entomology, 33, 282–290.
Rao M R, Mathuva M N. 2000. Legumes for improving maize yields and income in semi-arid Kenya. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 78, 123–137.
Redlich S, Martin E A, Steffan-Dewenter I. 2018. Landscape-level crop diversity benefits biological pest control. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55, 2419–2428.
Riolo M A, Rohani P, Hunter M D. 2015. Local variation in plant quality influences large-scale population dynamics. Oikos, 124, 1160–1170.
Risch S J, Andow D, Altieri M A. 1983. Agroecosystem diversity and pest control: Data, tentative conclusions, and new research directions. Environmental Entomology, 12, 625–629.
Schader C, Zaller J G, Köpke U. 2005. Cotton–basil intercropping: Effects on pests, yields and economical parameters in an organic field in Fayoum, Egypt. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 23, 59–72.
Siddiqui S, Abro G H, Syed T S, Burlro A S. 2018. Influence of trap crops on management of insect pests by exploitation of heteropteran predatory bugs in cotton. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 31, 274–278.
Singh A, Weisser W W, Hanna R, Houmgny R, Zytynska S E. 2017. Reduce pests, enhance production: Benefits of intercropping at high densities for okra farmers in Cameroon. Pest Management Science, 73, 2017–2027.
Singh R J, Ahlawat I P S. 2011. Productivity, competition indices and nutrients dynamics of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping system using different fertility levels. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81, 606–611.
Singh R J, Ahlawat I P S. 2014. Growth behaviour of transgenic cotton with peanut intercropping system using modified fertilization technique. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section (B: Biological Sciences), 84, 19–30.
Singh R J, Singh J, Ahlawat I P S. 2012. Lint yield, fibre quality and its nutrient uptake in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)–groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) intercropping system using different fertility levels. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 82, 1039–1043.
Sivan A, Chet I. 1986. Biological control of Fusarium spp. in cotton, wheat and muskmelon by Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of Phytopathology, 116, 39–47.
Smith A L. 1948. Control of cotton wilt and nematodes with a soil fumigant. Phytopathology, 38, 943–947.
Tabashnik B E. 2008. Delaying insect resistance to transgenic crops. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 19029–19030.
Tabashnik B E, Gassmann A J, Crowder D W, Carriere Y. 2008. Insect resistance to Bt crops: Evidence versus theory. Nature Biotechnology, 26, 199–202.
Tabashnik B E, Van Rensburg J B, Carriere Y. 2009. Field-evolved insect resistance to Bt crops: Definition, theory, and data. Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, 2011–2025.
Tang B S, Wei G. 1997. Occurrence characteristics and integrated control of pests in wheat–cotton intercropping field. Jiangxi Cotton, (2), 28–29. (in Chinese)
Tillman P G, Khrimian A, Cottrell T E, Lou X, Mizell I I I R F, Johnson C J. 2015. Trap cropping systems and a physical barrier for suppression of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in cotton. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108, 2324–2334.
Wang C, Xia J, Cui J, Luo J. 2004. Community structure and diversity of arthropod in different cotton fields in north Xinjiang. Cotton Science, 16, 112–116. (in Chinese)
Wang G C, Gu Z F, Lou X R, Ye Q M. 1992. The study on the pathogen of cotton red rot. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 22, 21–25.
Wang W, Yao J, Li H B, Zhang Y, Wang D, Ma G L. 2009. Occurrence of predators in different cotton fields in south Xinjiang. Plant Protection, 35, 43-47. (in Chinese)
Wang W, Yao J, Li H B, Zhang Y, Wang D, Ma G L. 2010. Effect of interplanting of cotton and apricot on cotton pests and predatory natural enemies. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 47, 1897–1901. (in Chinese)
Wang W, Yao J, Li H B, Zhang Y, Wang D, Ma G L. 2011. Comparative study on conservation of natural enemy in cotton field by different rapes in Xinjiang. Plant Protection, 37, 142–145. (in Chinese)
Wang W, Yao J, Zhang Y, Liu H. 2012. Effect of apricot trees on insect pests and their natural enemies in nearby cotton fields in southern Xinjiang. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 49, 951–956. (in Chinese)
Wang Y. 2015. Scientific intercropping can reduce pests and diseases. Pesticide Market News, 10, 47. (in Chinese)
Xia J Y, Wang Y H, Ma Y, Wang C Y. 1995. Sampling method for insect community survey in different cotton fields. Acta Gossypii Sinica, 7, 178–183. (in Chinese)
Xu J H. 2011. Reasons for the serious damage of cotton spider mite in jujube–cotton intercropping and comprehensive control measures. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology, 5, 33. (in Chinese)
Xue L. 2015. Preliminary analysis on ecological control of pests and diseases. Modern Agriculture, 7, 40. (in Chinese)
Yan S, Yu J, Han M, Michaud J P, Guo L L, Li Z, Zeng B, Zhang Q W, Liu X X. 2020. Intercrops can mitigate pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic cotton while simultaneously reducing pest densities. Science of the Total Environment, 711, 134855.
Zhang L, van der Werf W, Zhang S, Li B, Spiertz J H J. 2007. Growth, yield and quality of wheat and cotton in relay strip intercropping systems. Field Crops Research, 103, 178–188.
Zhang L J, Gao X K, Luo J Y, Zhang S, Wang C Y, Zhu X Z, Wang L, Cui J J. 2018. Strategy for resistance risk management of Bt transgenic cotton in Australia. China Cotton, 45, 3–6, 43. (in Chinese)
Zhang R, Wang W, Liu H, Yao J. 2018. Effect of the occurrence and damage of Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus) on cotton under almond–cotton interplanting. Plant Protection, 44, 172–176. (in Chinese)
Zhang R Z, Ren L, Wang C L, Lin R H, Tian C Y. 2004. Cotton aphid predators on alfalfa and their impact on cotton aphid abundance. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39, 235–241.
Zhang X C, Tian P Z. 2013. Occurrence regularity and control measures of cotton boll rot in cotton fields in southern Hebei. Hebei Agriculture, 12, 35–36. (in Chinese)
Zhang X D, Liao J J, Deng W P, Song D D, Mei Q, Zhu S S, Yang M. 2014. Correlation analysis of the sensitivity of Fusarium spp. to garlic root exudates and their pathogenicity to garlic bulb. Plant Protection, 40, 53–58. (in Chinese)
Zhang X M, Liu X J, Yang Y M, Duan D Y. 2005. Occurrence of Lygus lucorum in the Bt cotton and jujube field. Entomological Journal of East China, 14, 28–32. (in Chinese)
Zhang X M, Lövei G L, Ferrante M, Yang N W, Wan F H. 2020. The potential of trap and barrier cropping to decrease densities of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED on cotton in China. Pest Management Science, 76, 366–374.
Zhang Y J, Cang H, Zhu Y Y, Xu W H. 1990. Influence of cultivation methods on the natural enemy populations in the cotton–barley intercropping systems in Jiangsu. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 6, 1–4. (in Chinese)
Zhao J Z, Yang Q H, Zhou M Y. 1989. Effect of integrated cultivation of rape and sorghum in cotton field on controlling cotton pests. Plant Protection, 15, 13–14. (in Chinese)
Zhu X, Ding R, Akedan W, Aamanguli K, Niu Z, Ding A, Wang L, Aimaiti A, Patiguli W, Shadaiti A. 2015. Effects of different control methods on the population of aphids and its major natural enemies in the melon and cotton intercropping field. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 52, 2097–2102. (in Chinese)
|
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
