|
Special Issue:
玉米耕作栽培合辑Maize Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage
|
|
|
|
| Study of corn kernel breakage susceptibility as a function of its moisture content by using a laboratory grinding method |
| GUO Ya-nan1, 2*, HOU Liang-yu1, 2*, LI Lu-lu1, GAO Shang1, HOU Jun-feng1, MING Bo1, XIE Rui-zhi1, XUE Jun1, HOU Peng1, WANG Ke-ru1, LI Shao-kun1, 2 |
1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
2 Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P.R.China
|
|
|
|
|
摘要
玉米机械粒收破碎率高是影响粒收质量的重要因素，本试验利用研磨法测试玉米子粒破碎对水分的敏感性，探寻玉米子粒破碎率最低的含水率，并对品种耐破碎性进行评价。在北京和新乡两个试点分不同播期种植17个玉米品种，系统测试子粒水分动态变化，并利用研磨法同步进行子粒破碎率测试，分析破碎率与含水率的相关关系。北京试点和新乡试点及两地总体样本子粒含水率 (x) 与破碎率 (y) 关系均符合二次曲线 (y=ax2+bx+c) 关系，其中，两地512个样本拟合方程为y=0.0796x2-3.3929x+78.779(R2=0.2646，n=512) ，由方程拟合可见，最低破碎值为42.62%，对应的子粒含水率为21.31%；设置90%的置信区间，子粒破碎率最低的含水率范围为19.7%-22.3%，与田间机械粒收最低破碎率出现的含水率值一致。以破碎率值最低点为界发现，在低含水率条件下，破碎率与含水率呈显著线性负相关；在高含水率条件下，破碎率与含水率呈显著线性正相关；由拟合曲线(y=ax+b)斜率和相关度可见，在子粒高含水率条件下，子粒破碎对水分的敏感性更强，相关度更高。利用各品种子粒破碎率与含水率二次曲线的积分值评价不同品种子粒破碎敏感性评价方法，在北京试点筛选出耐破碎性强的品种为郑单958和丰垦139，易破碎品种包括联创825、吉单66、利单295和京农科728；在新乡试点筛选出耐破碎品种为禾田1号、郑单958和丰垦139，易破碎品种包括泽玉8911、迪卡653和京农科728。两地共用的6个品种分类结果基本一致。以上结果表明，研磨法是一种稳定性较高的检测方法，可以用于品种破碎对水分敏感性和耐破碎性评价，为耐破碎玉米品种的选育与筛选提供支持。
Abstract The rate of corn kernel breakage in the grain combine harvesters is a crucial factor affecting the quality of the grain shelled in the field. The objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of corn kernels to breakage based on the kernel moisture content in order to determine the moisture content that corresponds to the lowest rate of breakage. In addition, we evaluated the resistance to breakage of various corn cultivars. A total of 17 different corn cultivars were planted at two different sowing dates at the Beibuchang Experiment Station, Beijing and the Xinxiang Experiment Station (Henan Province) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The corn kernel moisture content was systematically monitored and recorded over time, and the breakage rate was measured by using the grinding method. The results for all grain samples from the two experimental stations revealed that the breakage rate y is quadratic in moisture content x, y=0.0796x2−3.3929x+78.779; R2=0.2646, n=512. By fitting to the regression equation, a minimum corn kernel breakage rate of 42.62% was obtained, corresponding to a corn kernel moisture content of 21.31%. Furthermore, in the 90% confidence interval, the corn kernel moisture ranging from 19.7 to 22.3% led to the lowest kernel breakage rate, which was consistent with the corn kernel moisture content allowing the lowest breakage rate of corn kernels shelled in the field with combine grain harvesters. Using the lowest breakage rate as the critical point, the correlation between breakage rate and moisture content was significantly negative for low moisture content but positive for high moisture content. The slope and correlation coefficient of the linear regression equation indicated that high moisture content led to greater sensitivity and correlation between grain breakage and moisture content. At the Beibuchang Experiment Station, the corn cultivars resistant to breakage were Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Fengken 139 (FK139), and the corn cultivars non-resistant to breakage were Lianchuang 825 (LC825), Jidan 66 (JD66), Lidan 295 (LD295), and Jingnongke 728 (JNK728). At the Xinxiang Experiment Station, the corn cultivars resistant to breakage were HT1, ZD958 and FK139, and the corn cultivars non-resistant to breakage were ZY8911, DK653 and JNK728. Thus, the breakage classifications of the six corn cultivars were consistent between the two experimental stations. In conclusion, the results suggested that the high stability of the grinding method allowed it to be used to determine the corn kernel breakage rates of different corn cultivars as a function of moisture content, thus facilitating the breeding and screening of breakage-resistant corn.
|
|
Received: 01 March 2020
Accepted: 10 April 2020
|
| Fund: This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300110, 2016YFD0300101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371575), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-02-25), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science. |
| About author: GUO Ya-nan, E-mail: 1219934377@qq.com; HOU Liang-yu, E-mail: 105948179@qq.com; Correspondence LI Shao-kun, Tel: +86-10-82108891, E-mail: lishaokun@caas.cn; WANG Ke-ru, Tel: +86-10-82108891, E-mail: wkeru01@163.com
* These authors contributed equally to this study. |
Cite this article:
GUO Ya-nan, HOU Liang-yu, LI Lu-lu, GAO Shang, HOU Jun-feng, MING Bo, XIE Rui-zhi, XUE Jun, HOU Peng, WANG Ke-ru, LI Shao-kun .
2022.
Study of corn kernel breakage susceptibility as a function of its moisture content by using a laboratory grinding method . Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(1): 70-77.
|
AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists). 1981. Approved Methods of American Association of Cereal Chemists. Method 55–20, Approved November 1981. The Association, St. Paul, MN.
Ashtari A K. 1980. Effect of internal and external damage on deterioration rate of shelled corn. Ph D thesis, Iowa State University, Ames.
Chai Z W, Wang K R, Guo Y Q, Xie R Z, Li L L, Ming B, Hou P, Liu C W, Chu Z D, Zhang W X, Zhang G Q, Liu G Z, Li S K. 2017. The current status of corn mechanical grain collection and its relationship with moisture content. Chinese Agricultural Sciences, 50, 2036–2043. (in Chinese)
Chaudhary A I. 1952. Effect of grain moisture on efficiency of harvesting machinery for oats and corn. Ph D thesis, Iowa State University, Ames.
Chowdhury M H, Buchele W F. 1978. The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines. Transactions of the ASAE, 21, 610–614.
Dong P F, Guo Y N, Wang K R, Xie R Z, Ming B, Hou P, Hou J F, Li C H, Li S K. 2018. Evaluation and determination of maize kernel breakage tolerance. Journal of Maize Sciences, 26, 79–84. (in Chinese)
Dong P F, Hou J F, Wang K R, Xie R Z, Ming B, Hou P, Guo Y N, Li C H, Li S K. 2018. Preliminary study on the test of corn kernels resistance to breakage by grinding method. Journal of Maize Sciences, 26, 116–121. (in Chinese)
Dorsey-Redding C, Hurburch C, Johnson L A, Fox S R. 1990. Adjustment of maize quality data for moisture content.Cereal Chemistry, 67, 292–295.
Dutta P K. 1986. Effects of grain moisture, drying methods, and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester. Ph D thesis, Iowa State University, Ames.
Fox R E. 1969. Development of a compression type corn threshing cylinder. Ph D thesis, Iowa State University, Ames.
Henry W, Buchele W F. 1969. Factors affecting corn kernel damage combine cylinders. Transactions of the ASAE, 55–59.
Johnson D Q, Russell W A. 1982. Genetic variability and relationships of physical grain-quality traits in the BSSS population of corn. Crop Science, 22, 805–809.
Johnson W H, Jain M L, Hamdy M Y, Graham F P. 1969. Characteristics and analysis of corn ear failure. Transactions of the ASABE, 12, 845–848.
Li L L, Lei X P, Xie R Z, Wang K R, Hou P, Zhang F L, Li S K. 2017. Analysis of factors affecting mechanical grain yield of summer corn. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 2044–2051.(in Chinese)
Li L L, Xue J, Xie R Z, Wang K R, Ming B, Hou P, Gao S, Li S K. 2018. Effects of moisture content of summer corn grain on mechanical grain yield. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 44, 1747–1754. (in Chinese)
Li S K, Wang K R, Xie R Z, Hou P, Ming B, Yang X X, Han D S, Wang Y H. 2016. Implementing high-yield mechanized production of dense planting to achieve high yield and high efficiency of corn. Crops, 4, 1–6. (in Chinese)
Liu F H, Wang K R, Li J, Wang X M, Sun Y L, Chen Y S, Wang Y H, Han D S, Li S K. 2013. Analysis of factors affecting the quality of corn mechanical harvesting. Crops, 4, 116–119.(in Chinese)
Martin C R, Converse H H, Czuchajowska Z, Lai F S, Pomeranz Y. 1987. Breakage susceptibility and hardness of corn kernels of various sizes and shapes. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 6, 104–113.
Plett S. 1994. Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain moisture at harvest in a prairie environment. Canada Journal of Plant Science, 74, 543–544.
Pomeranz Y, Czuchajowska Z, Lai F S. 1986. Comparsion of methods for determination of hardness and breakage susceptibility of commercially dried corn. Cereal Chemistry, 63, 39–43.
Sehgal S M, Brown W L. 1965. Cob morphology and its relations to combine harvesting in corn. Iowa Stage Journal of Science, 39, 251–268.
Steele J L, Saul R A, Hukill W V. 1967. Deterioration of shelled corn as measured by carbon dioxide production. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 5, 685–689.
Vyn T J, Moes J. 1988. Breakage susceptibility of corn kernels in relation to crop management under long growing season conditions. Agronomy Journal, 80, 915–920.
Waelti H. 1967. Physical properties and morphological characteristics of corn and their influence on threshing injury of kernels. Ph D thesis, Iowa State University, Ames.
Waelti H, Buchele W F. 1969. Factors affecting corn kernel damage combine cylinders. Transactions of the ASAE, 12, 55–59.
Xie R Z, Lei X P, Wang K R, Guo Y Q, Chai Z W, Hou P, Li S K. 2014. Preliminary report on mechanical harvesting of Huanghuaihai summer corn kernels. Crops, 2, 76–79. (in Chinese)
Yi K C, Zhu D W, Zhang X W, Yao Z H, Liu Z. 2016. Effect of moisture content on mechanization of corn grain. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 37, 87–89. (in Chinese)
Zhang W X, Wang K R, Xie R Z, Hou P, Ming B, Liu C W, Xiao C H, Zhang G Q, Chen J L, Yang J J, Liu F H, Li S K. 2018. Varietal differences between kernel broken rate and moisture content in corn machinery. Journal of Maize Sciences, 26, 74–78. (in Chinese)
|
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
