|
|
|
|
|
| Metabolic Response of Pakchoi Leaves to Amino Acid Nitrogen |
| WANG Xiao-li, YU Wen-juan, ZHOU Qian, HAN Rui-feng , HUANG Dan-feng |
1、Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
2、Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China |
|
|
|
摘要 Different nitrogen (N) forms may cause changes in the metabolic profiles of plants. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects of amino acid-N on plant metabolic profiles. The main objective of this study was to identify primary metabolites associated with amino acid-N (Gly, Gln and Ala) through metabolic profile analysis using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plants of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L.), Huawang and Wuyueman cultivars, were grown with different nitrogen forms (i.e., Gly, Gln, Ala, NO3 --N, and N starvation) applied under sterile hydroponic conditions. The fresh weight and plant N accumulation of Huawang were greater than those of Wuyueman, which indicates that the former exhibited better N-use efficiency than the latter. The physiological performances of the applied N forms were generally in the order of NO3 --N>Gln>Gly>Ala. The metabolic analysis of leaf polar extracts revealed 30 amino acid N-responsive metabolites in the two pakchoi cultivars, mainly consisting of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Changes in the carbon metabolism of pakchoi leaves under amino acid treatments occurred via the accumulation of fructose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose. Disruption of amino acid metabolism resulted in accumulation of endogenous Gly in Gly treatment, Pro in Ala treatment, and Asn in three amino acid (Gly, Gln and Ala) treatments. By contrast, the levels of endogenous Gln and Leu decreased. However, this reduction varied among cultivars and amino acid types. Amino acid-N supply also affected the citric acid cycle, namely, the second stage of respiration, where leaves in Gly, Gln and Ala treatments contained low levels of malic, citric and succinic acids compared with leaves in NO3 --N treatments. No significant difference in the metabolic responses was observed between the two cultivars which differed in their capability to use N. The response of primary metabolites in pakchoi leaves to amino acid-N supply may serve an important function in pakchoi adaptation to amino acid-N sources.
Abstract Different nitrogen (N) forms may cause changes in the metabolic profiles of plants. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects of amino acid-N on plant metabolic profiles. The main objective of this study was to identify primary metabolites associated with amino acid-N (Gly, Gln and Ala) through metabolic profile analysis using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plants of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L.), Huawang and Wuyueman cultivars, were grown with different nitrogen forms (i.e., Gly, Gln, Ala, NO3 --N, and N starvation) applied under sterile hydroponic conditions. The fresh weight and plant N accumulation of Huawang were greater than those of Wuyueman, which indicates that the former exhibited better N-use efficiency than the latter. The physiological performances of the applied N forms were generally in the order of NO3 --N>Gln>Gly>Ala. The metabolic analysis of leaf polar extracts revealed 30 amino acid N-responsive metabolites in the two pakchoi cultivars, mainly consisting of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Changes in the carbon metabolism of pakchoi leaves under amino acid treatments occurred via the accumulation of fructose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose. Disruption of amino acid metabolism resulted in accumulation of endogenous Gly in Gly treatment, Pro in Ala treatment, and Asn in three amino acid (Gly, Gln and Ala) treatments. By contrast, the levels of endogenous Gln and Leu decreased. However, this reduction varied among cultivars and amino acid types. Amino acid-N supply also affected the citric acid cycle, namely, the second stage of respiration, where leaves in Gly, Gln and Ala treatments contained low levels of malic, citric and succinic acids compared with leaves in NO3 --N treatments. No significant difference in the metabolic responses was observed between the two cultivars which differed in their capability to use N. The response of primary metabolites in pakchoi leaves to amino acid-N supply may serve an important function in pakchoi adaptation to amino acid-N sources.
|
|
Received: 26 February 2013
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This project was jointly supported by the National High- Tech R&D Program of China (863, 2012AA101903) andthe Special Fund of China for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (200903056). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
HUANG Dan-feng, Tel/Fax: +86-21-34206943, E-mail: danfenggrace@gmail.com
E-mail: danfenggrace@gmail.com
|
| About author: WANG Xiao-li, E-mail: wangxl0607@hotmail.com |
Cite this article:
WANG Xiao-li, YU Wen-juan, ZHOU Qian, HAN Rui-feng , HUANG Dan-feng.
2014.
Metabolic Response of Pakchoi Leaves to Amino Acid Nitrogen. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(4): 778-788.
|
| Atilio J B, Causin H F. 1996. The central role of amino acids on nitrogen utilization and plant growth. Journal of Plant Physiology, 149, 358-362 Bao S D. 2002. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. (in Chinese) Çali?kan M. 2000. The metabolism of oxalic acid. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 24, 103-106 Chapin F S. 1991. Integrated responses of plants to stress. BioScience, 41, 29-36 Classen D, Arnason J, Serratos J, Lambert J, Nozzolillo C, Philogene B. 1990. Correlation of phenolic acid content of maize to resistance to Sitophilus zeamais, the maize weevil, in CIMMYT’S collections. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16, 301-315 Couée I, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G, El Amrani A. 2006. Involvement of soluble sugars in reactive oxygen species balance and responses to oxidative stress in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, 449-459 Dai H, Zhou Q, Ye Y X. 2008. Ecological effect of photorespiration of plants under environmental stress. Chinese Journal of ECO-Agriculture, 16, 1326-1330 (in Chinese) Debolt S, Melino V, Ford C M. 2007. Ascorbate as a biosynthetic precursor in plants. Annals of Botany, 99, 3-8 Dracup M, Gibbs J, Greenway H. 1986. Melibiose, a suitable, non-permeating osmoticum for suspension- cultured tobacco cells. Journal of Experimental Botany, 37, 1079-1089 Du H M, Wang Z L, Yu W J, Liu Y M, Huang B R. 2011. Differential metabolic responses of perennial grass Cynodon transvaalensis×Cynodon dactylon (C-4) and Poa Pratensis (C-3) to heat stress Physiologia Plantarum, 141, 251-264 Farmer E E. 1994. Fatty acid signalling in plants and their associated microorganisms. Plant Molecular Biology, 26, 1423-1437 Forsum O, Svennerstam H, Ganeteg U, Näsholm T. 2008. Capacities and constraints of amino acid utilization in Arabidopsis. New Phytologist, 179, 1058-1069 Foyer C H, Parry M, Noctor G. 2003. Markers and signals associated with nitrogen assimilation in higher plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54, 585-593 Fritz C, Mueller C, Matt P, Feil R, Stitt M. 2006a. Impact of the C-N status on the amino acid profile in tobacco source leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment, 29, 2055- 2076. Fritz C, Palacios-Rojas N, Feil R, Stitt M. 2006b. Regulation of secondary metabolism by the carbon- nitrogen status in tobacco: Nitrate inhibits large sectors of phenylpropanoid metabolism. The Plant Journal, 46, 533-548 Gibson S I 2005. Control of plant development and gene expression by sugar signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 8, 93-102 Günes A, Inal A, Aktas M. 1996. Reducing nitrate content of NFT grown winter onion plants (Allium cepa L.) by partial replacement of NO3- with amino acid in nutrient solution. Scientia Horticulturae, 65, 203-208 Hermans C, Hammond J P, White P J, Verbruggen N. 2006. How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation? Trends in Plant Science, 11, 610-617 Jones D L, Healey J R, Willett V B, Farrar J F, Hodge A. 2005. Dissolved organic nitrogen uptake by plants - an important N uptake pathway? Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 37, 413-423 Jones D L, Hodge A. 1999. Biodegradation kinetics and sorption reactions of three differently charged amino acids in soil and their effects on plant organic nitrogen availability. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 31, 1331- 1342. Kielland K. 1994. Amino acid absorption by arctic plants: implications for plant nutrition and nitrogen cycling. Ecology, 75, 2373-2383 Kopka J, Schauer N, Krueger S, Birkemeyer C, Usadel B, Bergmüller E, Dörmann P, Weckwerth W, Gibon Y, Stitt M. 2005. GMD@CSB. DB: The golm metabolome database. Bioinformatics, 21, 1635-1638 Kumagai E, Araki T, Hamaoka N, Ueno O. 2011. Ammonia emission from rice leaves in relation to photorespiration and genotypic differences in glutamine synthetase activity. Annals of Botany, 108, 1381-1386 Kusano M, Fukushima A, Redestig H, Saito K. 2011. Metabolomic approaches toward understanding nitrogen metabolism in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 1439-1453 Lipson D, Raab T, Schmidt S, Monson R. 1999. Variation in competitive abilities of plants and microbes for specific amino acids. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 29, 257-261 Loewus F A. 1999. Biosynthesis and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants and of analogs of ascorbic acid in fungi. Phytochemistry, 52, 193-210 Luo J K, Sun S B, Jia L J, Chen W, Shen Q R. 2006. The mechanism of nitrate accumulation in Pakchoi [Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis (L.)]. Plant and Soil, 282, 291-300 Maher E A, Bate N J, Ni W, Elkind Y, Dixon R A, Lamb C J. 1994. Increased disease susceptibility of transgenic tobacco plants with suppressed levels of preformed phenylpropanoid products. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91, 7802. Miller A J, Cramer M D. 2005. Root nitrogen acquisition and assimilation. Plant and Soil, 274, 1-36 Murphy D V, Macdonald A J, Stockdale E A, Goulding K W T, Fortune S, Gaunt J L, Poulton P R, Wakefield J A, Webster C P, Wilmer W S. 2000. Soluble organic nitrogen in agricultural soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 30, 374-387 Näsholm T, Kielland K, Ganeteg U. 2009. Uptake of organic nitrogen by plants. New Phytologist, 182, 31-48 Okazaki K, Oka N, Shinano T, Osaki M, Takebe M. 2008. Differences in the metabolite profiles of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf in different concentrations of nitrate in the culture solution. Plant and Cell Physiology, 49, 170. Okazaki K, Oka N, Shinano T, Osaki M, Takebe M. 2009. Metabolite profiling of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves by altering the ratio of NH4+/NO3- in the culture solution. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 55, 496-504 Oliveira I, Brenner E, Chiu J, Hsieh M H, Kouranov A, Lam H M, Shin M, Coruzzi G. 2001. Metabolite and light regulation of metabolism in plants: Lessons from the study of a single biochemical pathway. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 34, 567-575 Palaniswamy U R, Bible B B, McAvoy R J. 2004. Oxalic acid concentrations in Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) is altered by the stage of harvest and the nitrate to ammonium ratios in hydroponics. Scientia Horticulturae, 102, 267-275 Paterson E, Gebbing T, Abel C, Sim A, Telfer G. 2007. Rhizodeposition shapes rhizosphere microbial community structure in organic soil. New Phytologist, 173, 600-610 Persson J, Gardestr m P, Näsholm T. 2006. Uptake, metabolism and distribution of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources by Pinus sylvestris. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, 2651. Remans T, Nacry P, Pervent M, Girin T, Tillard P, Lepetit M, Gojon A. 2006. A central role for the nitrate transporter NRT2. 1 in the integrated morphological and physiological responses of the root system to nitrogen limitation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 140, 909- 921. Roessner U, Wagner C, Kopka J, Trethewey R N, Willmitzer L. 2000. Simultaneous analysis of metabolites in potato tuber by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Plant Journal, 23, 131-142 Schauer N, Steinhauser D, Strelkov S, Schomburg D, Allison G, Moritz T, Lundgren K, Roessner-Tunali U, Forbes M G, Willmitzer L. 2005. GC-MS libraries for the rapid identification of metabolites in complex biological samples. FEBS letters, 579, 1332-1337. Scheible W R, Gonzalez-Fontes A, Lauerer M, Muller- Rober B, Caboche M, Stitt M. 1997. Nitrate acts as a signal to induce organic acid metabolism and repress starch metabolism in tobacco. The Plant Cell Online, 9, 783-798 Scheible W R, Morcuende R, Czechowski T, Fritz C, Osuna D, Palacios-Rojas N, Schindelasch D, Thimm O, Udvardi M K, Stitt M. 2004. Genome-wide reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism, protein synthesis, cellular growth processes, and the regulatory infrastructure of Arabidopsis in response to nitrogen. Plant Physiology, 136, 2483-2499 Sene M, Gallet C, Doré T. 2001. Phenolic compounds in a Sahelian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotype (CE145- 66) and associated soils. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 27, 81-92 Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Didi-Cohen S, Cohen Z, Merzlyak M. 2008. Effects of light intensity and nitrogen starvation on growth, total fatty acids and arachidonic acid in the green microalga Parietochloris incisa. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20, 245-251 Stitt M, Müller C, Matt P, Gibon Y, Carillo P, Morcuende R, Scheible W R, Krapp A. 2002. Steps towards an integrated view of nitrogen metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 959-970 Szabados L, Savouré A. 2010. Proline: A multifunctional amino acid. Trends in Plant Science, 15, 89. Tang Z H, Liu Y J, Guo X R, Zu Y G. 2011. The combined effects of salinity and nitrogen forms on Catharanthus roseus: The role of internal ammonium and free amino acids during salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 174, 135-144 Thornton B, Osborne S M, Paterson E, Cash P 2007. A proteomic and targeted metabolomic approach to investigate change in Lolium perenne roots when challenged with glycine. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 1581-1590 Tschoep H, Gibon Y, Carillo P, Armengaud P, Szecowka M, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie A R, Koehl K, Stitt M. 2009. Adjustment of growth and central metabolism to a mild but sustained nitrogen-limitation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell and Environment, 32, 300-318 Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Fernie A R. 2005. Metabolic profiling reveals altered nitrogen nutrient regimes have diverse effects on the metabolism of hydroponically- grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56, 309. Vasquez-Robinet C, Mane S P, Ulanov A V, Watkinson J I, Stromberg V K, de Koeyer D, Schafleitner R, Willmot D B, Bonierbale M, Bohnert H J. 2008. Physiological and molecular adaptations to drought in Andean potato genotypes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, 2109- 2123. Wallsgrove R M, Keys A J, Lea P J, Miflin B J. 1983. Photosynthesis, photorespiration and nitrogen metabolism. Plant, Cell & Environment, 6, 301-309 Wang H J. 2006. Growth and quality of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) as affected by inorganic and organic nitrogen nutrition and its mechanisms. PhD thesis, Zhejiang University, China. (in Chinese) Yu Z, Zhang Q, Kraus T E C, Dahlgren R A, Anastasio C, Zasoski R J. 2002. Contribution of amino compounds to dissolved organic nitrogen in forest soils. Biogeochemistry, 61, 173-198. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
