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1. MdWRKY40is能直接促进花青苷积累并干扰MdCBF2抑制子MdMYB15L从而提高苹果抗寒性
XU Peng-yue, XU Li, XU Hai-feng, HE Xiao-wen, HE Ping, CHANG Yuan-sheng, WANG Sen, ZHENG Wen-yan, WANG Chuan-zeng, CHEN Xin, LI Lin-guang, WANG Hai-bo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1704-1719.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.033
摘要294)      PDF    收藏

冷胁迫是影响苹果生产的重要限制因素。在本研究中,我们以苹果砧木‘M9T337’‘60-160’的组织培养幼苗为试材进行检测,发现它们对冷胁迫分别表现为抗性和敏感性。‘M9T337’‘60-160’幼苗在冷胁迫(1℃)处理48小时后,差异表达基因(DEGs)的富集途径和生理变化明显不同,表明它们对冷胁迫的反应存在差异。两个砧木幼苗WRKY转录因子差异表达分析表明MdWRKY40isMdWRKY48为潜在冷耐性调控子。在苹果愈伤中分别过表达MdWRKY40isMdWRKY48,结果发现过表达MdWRKY48的愈伤没有明显效果,而MdWRKY40is能促进花青苷积累和提高愈伤冷耐性,并促进花青苷合成结构基因MdDFR和冷信号核心基因MdCBF2的表达。酵母单杂和凝胶阻滞( EMSA )分析表明MdWRKY40is仅能结合MdDFR的启动子。酵母双杂和双分子荧光互补(BiFC)表明MdWRKY40is能通过其蛋白NLeu ZipperCBF2抑制子MdMYB15L互作。当敲除MdWRMY40is蛋白NLeu Zipper后,在愈伤中过表达发现其不能影响MdCBF2的表达水平和愈伤冷耐性,表明MdWRKY40is参与冷信号途径是通过与MdMYB15L互作来实现的。综上,MdWRKY40is能直接绑定MdDFR启动子促进花青苷积累,并通过与MdMYB15L互作,干扰其对MdCBF2抑制作用,间接促进MdCBF2表达,从而提高冷耐性。这些结果为苹果砧木抗冷机制的研究提供了新视角,为未来筛选抗寒砧木提供分子依据

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2. 具有条锈病和白粉病抗性的小麦-墨西哥黑麦T1DL•1RS易位系新种质的创制与鉴定
LI Jiao-jiao, ZHAO Li, LÜ Bo-ya, FU Yu, ZHANG Shu-fa, LIU Shu-hui, YANG Qun-hui, WU Jun, LI Jia-chuang, CHEN Xin-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1291-1307.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.039
摘要423)      PDF    收藏
黑麦(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR)因具有多种病害抗性和非生物胁迫耐性受性强的特点而被认为是普通小麦改良的重要遗传资源。源自德国栽培黑麦品种Petkus的1RS染色体在小麦的育种进程中起着举足轻重的作用,但由于其所具有的抗病性逐渐变弱,因此亟需发掘新的抗性资源。本研究从普通小麦和墨西哥黑麦的杂交后代中选育了一个新型衍生后代,命名为D27。细胞学观察显示D27的核型组成为2n=42=21II。基因组原位杂交(GISH)结果表明D27中含有一对整臂易位的墨西哥黑麦染色体,该外源染色体在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中均能稳定遗传。荧光原位杂交(FISH)和醇溶蛋白电泳分析都表明衍生系D27的小麦1DS染色体发生了丢失,取而代之的是墨西哥黑麦的1RS染色体。这一结果同样得到了小麦简单序列重复(SSR)标记、黑麦特异序列扩增区段(SCAR)标记和小麦40K SNP芯片的验证支持,即:通过分子标记和芯片检测,D27中不含有小麦1DS染色体,但是存在黑麦1RS染色体。农艺性状鉴定表明与小麦亲本相比D27的分蘖数增多,条锈病和白粉病抗性增强。面团特性分析表明,1DS染色体被1RS染色体替换后,衍生系D27的面团粘性增加,弹性变低,有利于蛋糕的制作。综上所述,细胞遗传学稳定的小麦-墨西哥黑麦T1DL·1RS易位系可作为小麦抗病和增产育种的优异新种质,同时可用于黑麦1RS染色体遗传多样性的研究。
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3. JIA-2021-1944 水稻新型maspardin 蛋白基因OsMas1通过介导ABA信号途径调控其耐盐性和抗旱性研究
WANG Fei-bing, WAN Chen-zhong, NIU Hao-fei, QI Ming-yang, LI Gang, ZHANG Fan, HU Lai-bao, YE Yu-xiu, WANG Zun-xin, PEI Bao-lei, CHEN Xin-hong, YUAN Cai-yuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 341-359.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.077
摘要370)      PDF    收藏
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是世界主要粮食作物之一,干旱和高盐等非生物胁迫环境严重影响水稻产量,提高水稻水分利用效率的主要途径是提高其抗旱性和耐盐性。克隆和利用水稻抗旱耐盐相关基因,提高水稻的抗逆能力,对我国乃至全世界粮食安全都具有重要意义。本研究报道了水稻maspardin蛋白基因OsMas1克隆、生物学功能以及分子作用机制亚细胞定位分析,结果表明 OsMas1蛋白定位于细胞质。逆境胁迫表达分析表明,OsMas1基因受到200 mM甘露醇、20% PEG6000200 mM NaCl100 μM ABA诱导表达。构建植物表达载体RNAi干扰载体,将该基因导入水稻品种中花11号(WT),通过对转基因水稻材料抗性鉴定,结果表明过表达OsMas1-OE)植株的耐盐性和抗旱性显著增强,而干扰(OsMas1-RNAi)植株的耐盐性和抗旱性显著降低。对OsMas1-OEOsMas1-RNAiWT水稻材料进行芽期和苗期的外源ABA处理,结果发现OsMas1-OE植株对ABA的敏感性明显高于WT植株,而OsMas1-RNAi植株对ABA的敏感性明显WT植株。干旱、胁迫处理后,OsMas1-OE植株的ABA、脯氨酸、K+含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和光合活性显著高于OsMas1-RNAi植株和WT植株,丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)和Na+含量显著OsMas1-RNAi植株和WT植株。qRT-PCR分析表明,在盐、干旱胁迫下,过表达OsMas1基因显著上调ABA生物合成与信号途径、脯氨酸生物合成途径、活性氧(ROS)清除系统、光合作用和离子转运相关基因的表达,从而显著提高了转基因水稻植株的耐盐性和抗旱性,为水稻水分高效利用和抗逆育种奠定理论基础。
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4. 基于ND-FISH和SNP芯片技术实现对小麦遗传背景中华山新麦草染色体的快速鉴定
LI Jia-chuang, LI Jiao-jiao, ZHAO Li, ZHAO Ji-xin, WU Jun, CHEN Xin-hong, ZHANG Li-yu, DONG Pu-hui, WANG Li-ming, ZHAO De-hui, WANG Chun-ping, PANG Yu-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 2934-2948.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.001
摘要244)      PDF    收藏

华山新麦草(2n=2x=14, NsNs)因具有诸多优异的农艺性状被认为是对普通小麦品种改良而言具有重要价值的野生近缘种。然而,尽管多个小麦-华山新麦草衍生后代的创制为优异性状的转移提供了种质资源基础,但小麦背景中华山新麦草染色体鉴定方法的滞后限制了对这些衍生后代的研究。本研究开发了三条高效非变性荧光原位杂交(ND-FISH)探针其中HS-TZ3HS-TZ4能特异性地结合华山新麦草染色体端粒区域,HS-TZ5可以和染色体着丝粒区域结合。华山新麦草染色体的FISH核型图和模式图被分别构建,以便于区分衍生系中所导入华山新麦草染色体的同源群归属。具体而言,染色体1Ns2Ns在短臂和长臂上有相反的荧光信号,3Ns4Ns7Ns有叠加的双色荧光信号,5Ns6Ns仅在短臂有荧光信号,7Ns在长臂的中间区域也有荧光信号。此外,评估了在不同组合方式下利用低密度单核苷酸多态性(SNP)芯片鉴定外源导入系的效果。结果表明最佳的模式是统计分析每条染色体上SNP位点的纯合率,15K SNP芯片可以广泛应用于附加系代换系和易位系的鉴定,而40K SNP芯片在小麦和外源染色体易位区段的鉴定中最准确。本研究提供了基于ND-FISHSNP芯片识别小麦背景中华山新麦草染色体同源群归属的简便方法,对于小麦-华山新麦草衍生系的高效鉴别和Ns染色体的进一步利用具有重要意义。

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5. Construction of a high-density adzuki bean genetic map and evaluation of its utility based on a QTL analysis of seed size
WANG Li-xia, WANG Jie, LUO Gao-ling, YUAN Xing-xing, GONG Dan, HU Liang-liang, WANG Su-hua, CHEN Hong-lin, CHEN Xin, CHENG Xu-zhen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1753-1761.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63343-3
摘要163)      PDF    收藏

小豆(Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) 属于豇豆属亚洲豇豆亚属,是东亚各国传统种植作物。小豆营养丰富、医食两用,消费市场逐渐遍布全球。然而,小豆的遗传研究相对缓慢,导致育种技术落后、效率低下,难以满足生产和市场的需求。本研究基于高通量基因组测序技术构建了小豆SNP高密度遗传连锁图谱,该图谱共11条连锁群,含2904个标记,每条连锁群的标记数从208个(LG7)到397(LG1)个不等。图谱总长1365.0cM,标记间平均距离0.47cM,每条连锁群的长度从97.4cM(LG9)到155.6cM(LG1)不等。利用该图谱共发掘到两个与籽粒大小有关的主效QTL,分别位于LG2(22.1%) 和LG 9(18.8%)。此外,基于InDel侧翼序列,进一步开发了9718对引物,并随机选择200对进行PCR扩增检验,结果显示有75对在24份小豆种质中具有多态性。本研究中高密度图谱构建及籽粒大小的QTL 分析将进一步提升小豆重要性状基因的发掘等,而InDel标记的开发将有效促进小豆种质资源的遗传多样性分析、基因初步定位等研究。


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6. Fingerprinting 146 Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) accessions and selecting a core collection using SSR markers
NIE Xing-hua, WANG Ze-hua, LIU Ning-wei, SONG Li, YAN Bo-qian, XING Yu, ZHANG Qing, FANG Ke-feng, ZHAO Yong-lian, CHEN Xin, WANG Guang-peng, QIN Ling, CAO Qing-qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1277-1286.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63400-1
摘要160)      PDF    收藏

中国板栗是世界上重要的坚果树种。我国板栗种质资源十分丰富,但在其资源利用与保护方面仍受到很大的限制。本研究利用18个荧光SSR标记对146份板栗资源进行了指纹图谱的构建,并解析了板栗品种群间的亲缘关系和筛选了板栗资源的核心种质。结果表明,每个基因座的平均等位基因数(Na)和多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为8.100和0.622,18个SSR标记表现出高的多态性。利用这些高效的标记,本试验成功构建了146份板栗资源的有唯一匹配的指纹图谱,并从中筛选出了7个SSR标记作为核心标记,实现了板栗资源的快速鉴定。对5个板栗品种群遗传关系进行研究,可知,中国板栗品种群被划分为3个类群,分别是类群I(华北品种群和西北品种群)、类群II(长江中下游品种群)和类群III(西南品种和东南品种群)。最后,我们选取了具有代表性的45个中国板栗资源作为核心种质。本研究为板栗资源的鉴定和品种群的亲缘关系提供了重要信息,为今后板栗的高效育种奠定基础。


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7. 小麦-华山新麦草渗入系H148中全蚀病抗性遗传位点的鉴定
BAI Sheng-sheng, ZHANG Han-bing, HAN Jing, WU Jian-hui, LI Jia-chuang, GENG Xing-xia, LÜ Bo-ya, XIE Song-feng, HAN De-jun, ZHAO Ji-xin, YANG Qun-hui, WU Jun, CHEN Xin-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3101-3113.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63340-8
摘要268)      PDF    收藏

小麦全蚀病 (Take-all) 是一种具有毁灭性的土传病害,培育抗病材料是控制该病害的重要途径之一。华山新麦草 (Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng) 是小麦品种改良的重要遗传资源,特别是小麦全蚀病稀缺的抗性资源。在本研究中,相比感病亲本7182,小麦-华山新麦草渗入系H148的全蚀病抗性得到了显著性提升。为了明确H148抗病性的遗传机制,我们构建了H148和西农585的F2遗传分离群体,且利用植物数量遗传体系“主基因+多基因”混合遗传模型分离分析法对其研究发现,H148的全蚀病抗性受到两对主效基因的共同控制,这两对主效基因存在一定的加性、显性和上位性效应。同时,结合集群分离分析法 (Bulked Segregant Analysis, BSA) 和小麦660K基因芯片筛选出与抗病相关的外源特异性SNP,主要分布于小麦2A染色体。根据特异性SNP开发竞争性等位基因特异性PCR (Kompetitive allele specific PCR, KASP) 分子标记,对F2群体进行基因分型,最终在2A染色体的68.8-70.1Mb区间内定位到一个主效的QTL。该目标区间在小麦参考基因组序列上存在62个候选基因,经基因功能注释显示,两个可编码蛋白的基因与系统性提升植物根系抗性相关,被预测可能参与了小麦对全蚀病的抗病反应。总之,小麦-华山新麦草渗入系H148的选育以及抗病QTL的定位,以期为小麦抗全蚀病分子辅助育种和抗病基因的精细定位提供一定的参考信息


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8. Identification and gene mapping of the starch accumulation and premature leaf senescence mutant ossac4 in rice
ZHU Mao-di, CHEN Xin-long, ZHU Xiao-yan, XING Ya-di, DU Dan, ZHANG Ying-ying, LIU Ming-ming, ZHANG Qiu-li, LU Xin, PENG Sha-sha, HE Guang-hua, ZHANG Tian-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2150-2164.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62814-5
摘要141)      PDF    收藏
The rice mutant ossac4 (starch accumulating 4) was raised from seeds of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) indica maintainer line Xinong 1B treated with ethyl methanesulfonate.  The distal and medial portions of the second leaf displayed premature senescence in the ossac4 mutant at the four-leaf stage.  Physiological and biochemical analysis, and cytological examination revealed that the ossac4 mutant exhibited the premature leaf senescence phenotype.  At the four-leaf stage, the leaves of the ossac4 mutant exhibited significantly increased contents of starch compared with those of the wild type (WT).  Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of photosynthesis-associated genes were down-regulated and the expression levels of glucose metabolism-associated genes were abnormal.  Genetic analysis indicated that the ossac4 mutation was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene.  The OsSAC4 gene was localized to a 322.7-kb interval between the simple-sequence repeat marker XYH11-90 and the single-nucleotide polymorphism marker SNP5300 on chromosome 11.  The target interval contained 20 annotated genes.  The present results demonstrated that ossac4 represents a novel starch accumulation and premature leaf senescence mutant, and lays the foundation for cloning and functional analysis of OsSAC4.
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9. Comprehensive characterization of yam tuber nutrition and medicinal quality of Dioscorea opposita and D. alata from different geographic groups in China
SHAN Nan, WANG Pu-tao, ZHU Qiang-long, SUN Jing-yu, ZHANG Hong-yu, LIU Xing-yue, CAO Tian-xu, CHEN Xin, HUANG Ying-jin, ZHOU Qing-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (11): 2839-2848.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63270-1
摘要180)      PDF    收藏
China is an important domestication center of yams, and two main yam species of Dioscorea opposita and D. alata are commonly cultivated in China.  However, the differences of nutritional and medicinal characteristics between the two species and their subgroups remain unclear, which would greatly affect the resource conservation and commercial utilization of yams.  In this study, typical yam resources including the species of D. opposita (wild and cultivated Ruichang yam from southern China, and Tiegun yam from northern China) and two landraces of D. alata (Longyan yam and Anyuan yam from southern China) were selected as materials.  Nutritional traits and medicinal characteristics were determined and analyzed respectively.  The results showed that there was no significant differences in the content of most nutrients between D. opposita and D. alata, but most cultivated Ruichang yam of D. opposita showed higher levels of starch, soluble sugar, sucrose, and ascorbate in tuber than that in yam from D. alata.  Moreover, an UPLC-MS method was developed for identification and determination of medicinal characteristics in the two species.  The results showed that allantoin can be detected in all selected samples.  Cultivated Ruichang yam of D. opposita possessed the highest allantoin content among the tested materials, and was significantly different with that in Tiegun yam and D. alata. Dioscin was not detected in D. alata. Overall, there was little difference in nutritional composition between D. opposita and D. alata, but the medicinal quality of D. opposita was better than that of D. alata.  Due to the outstanding comprehensive quality, the local variety of cultivated Ruichang yam can be further developed and utilized.
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10. Aggregate-associated changes in nutrient properties, microbial community and functions in a greenhouse vegetable field based on an eight-year fertilization experiment of China
LUAN Hao-an, GAO Wei, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, CHEN Xin-ping, Dainius MASILIUNAS, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2530-2548.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63269-5
摘要149)      PDF    收藏
Soil aggregation, microbial community, and functions (i.e., extracellular enzyme activities; EEAs) are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling.  We assessed soil aggregate distribution, stability, nutrients, and microbial characteristics within >2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm aggregates, based on an eight-year field experiment in a greenhouse vegetable field in China.  The field experiment includes four treatments: 100% N fertilizer (CF), 50% substitution of N fertilizer with manure (M), straw (S), and manure plus straw (MS).  The amounts of nutrient (N, P2O5, and K2O) input were equal in each treatment.  Results showed higher values of mean weight diameter in organic-amended soils (M, MS, and S, 2.43–2.97) vs. CF-amended soils (1.99).  Relative to CF treatment, organic amendments had positive effects on nutrient (i.e., available N, P, and soil organic C (SOC)) conditions, microbial (e.g., bacterial and fungal) growth, and EEAs in the >0.053 mm aggregates, but not in the <0.053 mm aggregates.  The 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates exhibited better nutrient conditions and hydrolytic activity, while the <0.053 mm aggregates had poor nutrient conditions and higher oxidative activity among aggregates, per SOC, available N, available P, and a series of enzyme activities.  These results indicated that the 0.25–0.053 mm (<0.053 mm) aggregates provide suitable microhabitats for hydrolytic (oxidative) activity.  Interestingly, we found that hydrolytic and oxidative activities were mainly impacted by fertilization (58.5%, P<0.01) and aggregate fractions (50.5%, P<0.01), respectively.  The hydrolytic and oxidative activities were significantly (P<0.01) associated with nutrients (SOC and available N) and pH, electrical conductivity, respectively.  Furthermore, SOC, available N, and available P closely (P<0.05) affected microbial communities within >0.25, 0.25–0.053, and <0.053 mm aggregates, respectively.  These findings provide several insights into microbial characteristics within aggregates under different fertilization modes in the greenhouse vegetable production system in China.
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11. Advances in salinity tolerance of soybean: Genetic diversity, heredity, and gene identification contribute to improving salinity tolerance
CHEN Hua-tao, LIU Xiao-qing, ZHANG Hong-mei, YUAN Xing-xing, GU He-ping, CUI Xiao-yan, CHEN Xin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (10): 2215-2221.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61864-1
摘要381)      PDF(pc) (725KB)(460)    收藏
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting soybean growth.  Genetic improvement for salt tolerance is an effective way to protect soybean yield under salt stress conditions.  Successful improvement of salt tolerance in soybean relies on identifying genetic variation that confers tolerance in soybean germplasm and subsequently incorporating these genetic resources into cultivars.  In this review, we summarize the progress in genetic diversity and genetics of salt tolerance in soybean, which includes identifying genetic diversity for salt tolerant germplasm; mapping QTLs conferring salt tolerance; map-based cloning; and conducting genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis in soybean.  Future research avenues are also discussed, including high throughput phenotyping technology, the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System, and genomic selection technology for molecular breeding of salt tolerance.
 
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12. Accumulation characteristic of protein bodies in different regions of wheat endosperm under drought stress
CHEN Xin-yu, LI Bo, SHAO Shan-shan, WANG Lei-lei, ZHU Xiao-wei, YANG yang, WANG Wen-jun, YU Xu-run, XIONG Fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (12): 2921-2930.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61332-1
摘要1162)      PDF    收藏
    The structural characteristics of protein body accumulation in different endosperm regions of hard wheat cultivar (XM33) and soft wheat cultivar (NM13) under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress treatment was implemented from plant regreening to the caryopsis mature stage. Microscope images of endosperm cells were obtained using resin semi-thin slice technology to observe the distribution and relative area of protein body (PB). Compared with NM13, relative PB area of XM33 was significantly higher in sub-aleurone endosperm region. The amount of accumulation, including the size and relative area of PB, in two wheat cultivars was higher in sub-aleurone region than that in central region at 18 days post anthesis (DPA). Drought stress significantly enhanced the sizes and relative areas of PBs in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms in two wheat cultivars. Particularly for dorsal endosperm, drought stress enhanced the relative PB area at 18 DPA and NM13 (5.0% vs. 6.73%) showed less enhancement than XM33 (5.49% vs. 8.96%). However, NM13 (9.58% vs. 12.02%) showed greater enhancement than XM33 (10.25% vs. 11.7%) at 28 DPA. The protein content in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms of the two wheat cultivars decreased at 12 DPA and then increased until 38 DPA. Drought stress significantly increased the protein contents in the two main regions. From 12 to 38 DPA, the amount of PB accumulation and the protein content were higher in XM33 than those in NM13. The results revealed that PB distribution varied in different endosperm tissues and that the amount of PB accumulation was remarkably augmented by drought stress.
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13. Whole-genome identification and expression analysis of K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) and Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) families under abiotic stress in soybean
CHEN Hua-tao, CHEN Xin, WU Bing-yue, YUAN Xing-xing, ZHANG Hong-mei, CUI Xiao-yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (6): 1171-1183.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60918-7
摘要2849)      PDF    收藏
Sodium toxicity and potassium insufficient are important factors affecting the growth and development of soybean in saline soil. As the capacity of plants to maintain a high cytosolic, K+/Na+ ratio is the key determinant of tolerance under salt stress. The aims of the present study were to identify and analyse expression patterns of the soybean K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) gene and Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene family, and to explore their roles under abiotic stress. As a result, 12 soybean GmKEAs genes and 10 soybean GmNHXs genes were identified and analyzed from soybean genome. Interestingly, the novel soybean KEA gene Glyma16g32821 which encodes 11 transmembrane domains were extremely up-regulated and remained high level until 48 h in root after the excessive potassium treatment and lack of potassium treatment, respectively. The novel soybean NHX gene Glyma09g02130 which encodes 10 transmembrane domains were extremely up-regulated and remained high level until 48 h in root with NaCl stress. Imaging of subcellular locations of the two new Glyma16g32821-GFP and Glyma09g02130-GFP fusion proteins indicated all plasma membrane localizations of the two novel soybean genes. The 3D structures indicated that the two soybean novel proteins Glyma09g02130 (NHX) and Glyma16g32821 (KEA) all belong to the cation/hydrogen antiporter family.
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14. Soil mulching can mitigate soil water deficiency impacts on rainfed maize production in semiarid environments
ZHU Lin, LIU Jian-liang, LUO Sha-sha, BU Ling-duo, CHEN Xin-ping; LI Shi-qing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (1): 58-66.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60845-5
摘要1775)      PDF    收藏
Temporally irregular rainfall distribution and inefficient rainwater management create severe constraints on crop production in rainfed semiarid areas. Gravel and plastic film mulching are effective methods for improving agricultural productivity and water utilization. However, the effects of these mulching practices on soil water supply and plant water use associated with crop yield are not well understood. A 3-yr study was conducted to analyze the occurrence and distribution of dry spells in a semiarid region of Northwest China and to evaluate the effects of non-mulching (CK), gravel mulching (GM) and plastic film mulching (FM) on the soil water supply, plant water use and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Rainfall analysis showed that dry spells of ≥5 days occurred frequently in each of 3 yr, accounting for 59.9–69.2% of the maize growing periods. The >15-d dry spells during the jointing stage would expose maize plants to particularly severe water stress. Compared with the CK treatment, both the GM and FM treatments markedly increased soil water storage during the early growing season. In general, the total evapotranspiration (ET) was not significantly different among the three treatments, but the mulched treatments significantly increased the ratio of pre- to post-silking ET, which was closely associated with yield improvement. As a result, the grain yield significantly increased by 17.1, 70.3 and 16.7% for the GM treatment and by 28.3, 87.6 and 38.2% for the FM treatment in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. It’s concluded that both GM and FM are effective strategies for mitigating the impacts of water deficit and improving maize production in semiarid areas. However, FM is more effective than GM.
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15. Farmer’s Adoption of Improved Nitrogen Management Strategies in Maize Production in China: an Experimental Knowledge Training
JIA Xiang-ping, HUANG Ji-kun, XIANG Cheng, HOU Lin-ke, ZHANG Fu-suo, CHEN Xin-ping, CUIZhen-ling , Holger Bergmann
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (2): 364-373.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60237-3
摘要1601)      PDF    收藏
Chemical fertilizer plays an important role in increasing food production in China. Nevertheless, excessive nitrogen fertilizer use in China has resulted in severe environmental problems. The goal of this paper is to examine the impacts of an improved nitrogen management (INM) training experiment on farmers’ chemical nitrogen (N) use behaviors in maize production in China. Based on household data collected from 813 maize farmers in Shandong, China, this study finds that while INM training can significantly reduce farmers’ N fertilizer use, an INM training is not sufficient to change farmer’s practices significantly, and farmers only partially adopted the recommended INM. This study reveals that China faces challenges to transform its agriculture to a low-carbon one. The research also sheds light on China’s extension system and future technologies in meeting the objectives of reducing the excessive nitrogen fertilizer use in agricultural production.
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16. Effects of Consecutively Monocultured Rehmannia glutinosa L. on Diversity of Fungal Community in Rhizospheric Soil
ZHANG Zhong-yi, LIN Wen-xiong, YANG Yan-hui, CHEN Hui, CHEN Xin-jian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2011, 10 (9): 1374-1384.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60130-2
摘要1965)      PDF    收藏
Continuous monoculture problems, or replanting diseases, are one of the key factors affecting productivity and quality ofChinese medicinal plants. The underlying mechanism is still being explored. Most of the studies on continuous monocultureof Rehmannia glutinosa L. are focused on plant nutritional physiology, root exudate, and its autotoxicity. However, thechanges in the diversity of microflora in the rhizosphere mediated by the continuous monoculture pattern have beenremained unknown. In this study, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique was used forfingerprinting fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil sampled from the fields of R. glutinosa monocultured for 1 and 2 yr. Theresults showed that the structure of fungal community in consecutively moncultured rhizosphere soil was different fromthat in control soil (no cropping soil), and varied with the consecutive monoculture years (1 and 2 yr). The comprehensiveevaluation index (D) of fungal community estimated by principal component analysis of fragment number, peak area,Shannon-Weiner index, and Margalef index was higher in 1 yr monoculture soil than that in 2 yr monoculture soil,suggesting that consecutive monoculture of R. glutinosa could be a causative agent to decrease the diversity of fungalcommunity in the rhizosphere soil.
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