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N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)全转录组分析大豆对大豆孢囊线虫亲和性和非亲和性反应揭示了非寄主抗性的特异m6A修饰参与大豆-大豆孢囊线虫的互作

Qianqian Shi, Xue Han, Xinhao Zhang, Jie Zhang, Qi Fu, Chen Liang, Fangmeng Duan, Honghai Zhao, Wenwen Song
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (5): 1875-1891.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.023
摘要95)      PDF    收藏

大豆孢囊线虫(Soybean cyst nematode, SCN; Heterodera glycines)是世界范围内最具破坏性的大豆病原物之一。研究大豆-SCN互作机制对提出新的病害防控策略、培育抗大豆孢囊线虫病的大豆新品种具有重要实践意义。SCN侵染可诱导大豆的多个差异基因上调或下调表达。然而,差异基因表达变化的调控机制在很大程度上仍未被探索。N6 -甲基腺苷(m6A)甲基化是最广泛存在的mRNA修饰之一,在植物响应病原物侵染过程中发挥重要的转录重编程的调控作用。然而,在大豆对SCN的亲和性和非亲和性反应中是否也存在m6A甲基化对差异基因的表达调控作用尚未明确。为此,本研究首先明确了大豆品种Williams 82 SCN race 3具有敏感性(亲和性反应),但对SCNT(大豆孢囊线虫烟草群体)存在非寄主抗性(非亲和性反应);其次通过液相色谱-串联质谱法检测了m6A/A比率。结果表明,与亲和性反应相比,m6A甲基化整体水平在非亲和性反应中显著升高;在此基础上,通过N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)全转录组比较了大豆对SCN的亲和性和非亲和性反应的差异。在非亲和性反应中,差异修饰m6A峰(differentially modified m6A peaks, DMPs)和差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)的数量均显著增多;在亲和反应和非亲和反应中,分别存在133194个差异表达基因的m6A甲基化修饰水平也表现出差异显著性 (我们将这些基因称为DMDs)。亲和反应中的DMDs显著富集在玉米素生物合成、植物-病原互作、糖酵解/糖异生和醚脂质代谢途径,且与植物-病原互作途径相关的DMDs表达量下调最多;而与SCNT侵染的非亲和反应中仅叶酸生物合成通路被显著富集,且该通路的DMDs表达量上调最多。综上所述,本研究首次明确了大豆-SCN互作中存在m6A甲基化修饰,且m6A全转录组在大豆和SCN的亲和和非亲和反应中存在差异。研究结果为大豆-SCN的非寄主抗性反应在转录后修饰水平上的调控机制提供了新的见解,对提高大豆抗SCN育种有重要应用价值。

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2. 苹果属植物S-RNase基因型鉴定及起源演化分析
Zhao Liu, Yuan Gao, Kun Wang, Jianrong Feng, Simiao Sun, Xiang Lu, Lin Wang, Wen Tian, Guangyi Wang, Zichen Li, Qingshan Li, Lianwen Li, Dajiang Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (4): 1205-1221.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.014
摘要131)      PDF    收藏
鉴定苹果属植物S基因型对于新基因的发掘、苹果的栽培生产、新品种选育以及自交不亲和的起源演化等都具有极大的推动作用。本试验以矮花红、西蜀海棠、热磙子等88份苹果属资源为材料,利用7对苹果属S-RNase基因特异性引物,以叶片DNA为模板进行PCR扩增。结果表明:鉴定的供试材料中,70份材料得到完整的S-RNase基因型,18份材料仅鉴定出1个S-RNase基因。经同源性比较分析,共获得13种S-RNase基因型,分别为:S1S2(矮花红等)、S1S28(隰县海棠等)、S1S51(河北平顶海棠)、S1S3(向阳村大果等)、S2S3(窄叶海棠等)、S3S51(西山1号)、S3S28(黄色立哈尔德等)、S2S28(红海棠等)、S4S28(波11)、S7S28(酒泉沙果)、S10Se(东城贯13号)、S10S21(东香蕉)、SeS51(熊岳海棠)。供试材料中S基因出现频率显示:不同的S基因在苹果属资源中出现的频率不同,在种间及种内出现的频率亦不相同。其中出现频率最高的为S3 (68.18%),其次为S1 (42.04%)。此外,系统进化树及起源演化分析表明,S基因的分化在苹果属各个种形成之前就已完成,栽培种亦演化出了新的S基因,并且分析认为S50基因是苹果属植物最古老的S等位基因,苹果栽培种中的S1S29S33基因可能最初分别起源于新疆野苹果、湖北海棠及陇东海棠。除新疆野苹果外,陇东海棠和锡金海棠可能也参与了部分中国苹果的起源演化过程。
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3. 土壤调理剂改善镉污染农田土壤微生物群落抑制水稻积累Cd
ZHAO Jun-yang, LU Hua-ming, QIN Shu-tao, PAN Peng, TANG Shi-de, CHEN Li-hong, WANG Xue-li, TANG Fang-yu, TAN Zheng-long, WEN Rong-hui, HE Bing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (8): 2521-2535.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.023
摘要208)      PDF    收藏

土壤调理剂中添加硅和有机肥可抑制重金属离子从土壤向作物的转移,但目前并不清楚硅和有机肥如何通过影响土壤性质和微生态环境进而减少水稻的镉积累。本研究通过两地田间实验分析了含硅和有机肥的L型土壤调理剂对细菌和真菌群落多样性、土壤pH、有机质及有效硅含量的影响。结果表明,随着土壤调理剂中硅和有机肥含量的增加,两个试验点的水稻产量分别增加了16.8%~25.8%6.8%~13.1%, 稻米Cd含量显著降低了8.2%~21.1%10.8%~40.6%。土壤微生物组学分析证明与镉吸附、螯合相关的FirmicutesActinobacteriota细菌和与大分子物质降解有关的Basidiomycota真菌种群丰度的增加,有利于抑制土壤中镉的活性(土壤ESC-Cd降低了14.4%~14.8%18.1%~20.6%),这与施用土壤调理剂引起有机质和有效硅含量增加有关。总之,L型土壤调理剂中的有机质和硅可通过调节土壤中镉钝化优势菌群,降低土壤镉有效性,最终减少稻米镉积累。

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4. 基于染色体代换系对大豆结瘤调控基因的特征分析
ZOU Jia-nan, ZHANG Zhan-guo, KANG Qing-lin, YU Si-yang, WANG Jie-qi, CHEN Lin, LIU Yan-ru, MA Chao, ZHU Rong-sheng, ZHU Yong-xu, DONG Xiao-hui, JIANG Hong-wei, WU Xiao-xia, WANG Nan-nan, HU Zhen-bang, QI Zhao-ming, LIU Chun-yan, CHEN Qing-shan, XIN Da-wei, WANG Jin-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2197-2210.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63658-4
摘要197)      PDF    收藏
小麦抗旱相关基因TaPYL4的功能分析及标记开发
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5. Assessment of the potential toxicity of insecticidal compounds to Peristenus spretus, a parasitoid of mirid bugs
ZHAO Man, LI Yun-he, NIU Lin-lin, CHEN Lin, LIANG Ge-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1424-1435.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63597-3
摘要144)      PDF    收藏

随着我国Bt作物种植面积的增加,绿盲蝽和其他盲蝽逐渐成为重要农业害虫因为它们对作物中的Bt蛋白不敏感。此外,Bt作物种植后杀虫剂使用量的减少也增加了盲蝽爆发的严重程度。红颈常室茧蜂是一种盲蝽若虫的寄生蜂,但它对Bt蛋白的敏感性尚不清楚。在当前研究中,我们利用添加Bt蛋白(400 µg g-1)或不添加Bt蛋白的10%蜂蜜水,发展了一种评价Bt蛋白(Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Aa和Cry2Ab)对红颈常室茧蜂成虫影响的直接暴露试验体系。结果显示,红颈常室茧蜂成虫的存活和繁殖情况能够被半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂E-64(阳性对照)显著抑制,但不受供试5种Bt蛋白影响。此外,寄生蜂体内的消化酶、解毒酶和保护酶活性也不受供试Bt蛋白影响,但取食含E-64的饲料后,它们受到显著影响。然后我们建立了一种三级营养试验,来测定供试5种Bt蛋白对红颈常室茧蜂幼虫和蛹的影响,在这个试验中,以取食含有Cry蛋白饲料的盲蝽若虫作为红颈常室茧蜂的寄主昆虫。三级营养试验的结果显示,即使被寄主的绿盲蝽体内含有大量Bt蛋白,以它们为寄主的红颈常室茧蜂寄生蜂化蛹率和羽化率也没有受到显著影响。上述结果整体表明,研究中发展的这2个生物试验可以用来评价杀虫物质对红颈常室茧蜂的毒性,供试的Cry蛋白对红颈常室茧蜂无毒性


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6. 通过E1及其同源基因共沉默创制超早熟大豆新材料
LIU Li-feng, GAO Le, ZHANG Li-xin, CAI Yu-peng, SONG Wen-wen, CHEN Li, YUAN Shan, WU Ting-ting, JIANG Bing-jun, SUN Shi, WU Cun-xiang, HOU Wen-sheng, HAN Tian-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 326-335.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63391-3
摘要229)      PDF    收藏

大豆是典型的短日照作物,对光周期敏感性决定大豆品种的适宜种植区域。在光周期调控的大豆开花途径中,开花抑制因子E1起主导作用。E1LaE1LbE1的同源基因,功能与E1类似。本研究利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术在大豆品种自贡冬豆中同时沉默E1E1La/b基因。结果显示,与受体品种自贡冬豆相比,RNAi株系开花期和成熟期大幅度提前,光周期敏感性明显下降。在RNAi超早熟株系中,开花抑制基因GmFT4的表达水平显著下降,开花促进基因GmFT2a/GmFT5a的表达水平明显上升。生育期组鉴定结果显示,自贡冬豆的生育期组属于MG VIII为极晚熟品种,RNAi株系的生育期组为MG 000属超早熟新种质,可在中国最北部(53.5°N)的漠河市北极村种植。本研究验证E1E1La/b大豆开花期和成熟期的负调控作用创制出超早熟大豆新材料,为显著钝化大豆品种的光周期敏感性,大幅度缩短生育期,实现南方大豆种质资源在北方大豆主产区的有效利用,拓宽寒地区大豆的遗传基础提供了新的途径。

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7. An entirely new approach based on remote sensing data to calculate the nitrogen nutrition index of winter wheat
ZHAO Yu, WANG Jian-wen, CHEN Li-ping, FU Yuan-yuan, ZHU Hong-chun, FENG Hai-kuan, XU Xin-gang, LI Zhen-hai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2535-2551.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63379-2
摘要215)      PDF    收藏

氮素营养指数(NNI)是作物氮素诊断的可靠指标。然而,目前还没有适用于多生育时期NNI反演的光谱指数。为克服传统NNI直接反演方法(NNIT1)和通过反演生物量(AGB)和植株氮浓度(PNC)进行NNI间接反演方法(NNIT2)在多生育期应用的局限性,本文构建了一个新的NNI遥感指数(NNIRS)。本文基于连续四年(2012–2013(Exp.1),2013–2014(Exp.2),20142015(Exp.3)和20152016(Exp.4))的冬小麦田间试验,采用交叉验证方法利用氮素相关植被指数和生物量相关植被指数构建了遥感关键氮浓度稀释曲线(Nc_RS)和根据NNI构建原理得到的NNIRS进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)由标准叶面积指数决定指数(sLAIDI)和红边叶绿素指数(CIred edge)构建的NNIRS模型表达式为NNIRS=CIred edge/(a×sLAIDIb),在Exp.1/2/4,Exp.1/2/3,Exp.1/3/4和Exp.2/3/4中参数“a”分别等于2.06,2.10,2.08和2.02,参数“b”分别等于0.66,0.73,0.67和0.62;(2)与NNIT1和NNIT2模型相比,NNIRS模型的精度最高(R2的范围为0.50–0.82,RMSE的范围为0.12–0.14);(3)NNIRS在验证数据集中也达到了较好的精度,RMSE分别为0.09,0.18,0.13和0.10。因此,本文认为NNIRS模型在氮素遥感诊断中具有较大的潜力。


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8. Transcriptional profiles underlying the effects of salicylic acid on fruit ripening and senescence in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)
SHI Hai-yan, CAO Li-wen, XU Yue, YANG Xiong, LIU Shui-lin, LIANG Zhong-shuo, LI Guo-ce, YANG Yu-peng, ZHANG Yu-xing, CHEN Liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2424-2437.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63568-7
摘要162)      PDF    收藏

本研究利用RNA测序技术,分析和比较了SA处理前后梨果实的转录表达谱。在SA处理12 h和24 h后,分别有159个和419个基因表达水平发生显著改变。在这些差异表达基因(Differentially expressed genes,DEGs)中,有125个基因在2个处理时间点均存在差异表达,被鉴定为可能与SA调控果实成熟衰老有关的候选基因。这些DEGs主要与植物激素的生物合成与代谢、细胞壁代谢与修饰、抗氧化系统和衰老相关转录因子等有关。此外,通过实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进一步验证了SA处理后梨果实中几种候选DEGs的表达。本研究有助于加深对SA调控梨果实成熟衰老综合机制的认识。


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9. Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets cultured in vitro
CHEN Li-li, WANG Hao-ying, GONG Xiao-chen, ZENG Zhao-hai, XUE Xu-zhang, HU Yue-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 2914-2931.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63393-7
摘要131)      PDF    收藏

研究报道红、蓝光源显著影响植物幼苗生长。马铃薯是世界上重要的粮饲兼用作物。马铃薯组培苗培养在马铃薯生产中扮演重要角色。然而,从转录组水平上揭示红、蓝光源对马铃薯组培苗生长的影响研究较少。本研究的目的是借助转录组技术探索单色红光(RR)、单色蓝光(BB)和红蓝组合(RB)光谱处理的马铃薯组培苗的生长和生理反应。与对照RB相比,RR和BB处理的马铃薯组培苗分别被检测到有3150和814个差异表达基因。与对照相比,富集在“光合作用”和“光合天线蛋白”代谢通路上的差异表达基因分别被BB和RR处理所上调和下调表达,这可能与在上述两个处理中分别增加和降低的叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm, φPSⅡ,qp和ETR有关。BB处理的马铃薯组培苗呈现出茎秆矮化、叶片较大,而RR处理则表现为茎秆伸长,叶片较小。这些显著的形态改变与马铃薯组培苗叶和茎器官中内源激素GAs,IAA 和CKs含量不同有关。此外,单色红、蓝LEDs光源引起“植物激素信号传导”通路上差异基因相反的表达模式与其激素含量不同有密切关系。本研究在转录组水平上揭示了马铃薯组培苗对红、蓝LEDs光源的不同响应,并从光谱特征方面有助于马铃薯组培苗快繁。


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10. Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
CHEN Lin, PAN Qin-jian, Muhammad Saad WAQAS, LIU Tong-xian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1458-1463.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62862-5
摘要122)      PDF    收藏
The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a harmful pest which causes heavy loss in agricultural crops.  Sex identification of M. separata is very important for understanding the biology and management of this pest.  Development of fast and convenient methods to identify M. separata female and male is the necessary prerequisite for conducting gender-related studies.  In this study, new methods to differentiate sex of M. separata at pupal and adult stages were investigated.  Our results showed that posterior abdominal segments containing genital organs which are morphological traits to differentiate female and male.  Genital openings are important characters for the female and male pupae differentiation.  For female pupa, it locates on the ventral side of eighth and ninth abdominal segments and appears as a visible longitudinal suture; for male pupa, it locates on the ventral side of the ninth abdominal segment and appears as a short slit surrounded by a pair of visible semicircular lumps.  Bristle numbers are another indicator for sex differentiation of adults.  Each female has three-bristled frenulum and each male has one bristled-frenulum near the base of hind wing of each side of moth body.  We confirmed the two sex differentiation methods manually by dissecting genitalia of adults and found their genger was as same as what we examined the sex of pupae and adults using the morphological methods.
 
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11. Effects of different LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro and minituber production after transplanting in the greenhouse
CHEN Li-li, ZHANG Kai, GONG Xiao-chen, WANG Hao-ying, GAO You-hui, WANG Xi-quan, ZENG Zhao-hai, HU Yue-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 108-119.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62633-X
摘要162)      PDF    收藏
Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets.  The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the minituber production after transplanting.  With 100 μmol m–2 s–1 total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), a light spectrum study of 100% red light emitting diodes (LEDs) light spectrum (RR), 100% blue LEDs light spectrum (BB), 65% red+35% blue LEDs light spectrum (RB), and 45% red+35% blue+20% green LEDs light spectrum (RBG) providing illumination at the in vitro cultured stage of potato plantlets for 4 weeks using fluorescent lamp as control (CK) was performed to investigate the effects of LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro as well as the minituber yield after 2 months transplanting in the greenhouse.  Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index.  Furthermore, BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro.  Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB, whereas carbohydrates were improved by RR.  In addition, thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG.  Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid.  Unexpectedly, distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR.  After transplanting in the greenhouse for 2 months, potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber.  BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet.  In addition, RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slightly.  Our results suggested monochromatic blue LEDs as well as combined red, blue or/and green LEDs light spectrum were superior to fluorescent lamp spectrum in micro-propagation of potato plantlets.  Therefore, the application of RBG was suitable; BB and RB could be used as alternatives.
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12. Polycalin isinvolved in the action mechanism of Cry2Aa toxin in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
WANG Bing-jie, WANG Ya-nan, WEI Ji-zhen, LIU Chen, CHEN Lin, Myint Myint Khaing, LIANG Ge-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (3): 627-635.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)12174
摘要165)      PDF(pc) (392KB)(161)    收藏
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13. Assessment of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Adelphocoris suturalis
LUO Jing, MA Chao, LI Zhe, ZHU Bang-qin, ZHANG Jiang, LEI Chao-liang, JIN Shuang-xia, J. Joe Hull, CHEN Li-zhen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (12): 2745-2757.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61926-4
摘要258)      PDF(pc) (1312KB)(318)    收藏
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most commonly-used tool for measurement of gene expression, but its accuracy and reliability depend on appropriate data normalization with the use of one or more stable reference genes.  Adelphocoris suturalis is one of the most destructive pests of cotton, but until recently knowledge of its underlying molecular physiology had been hindered by a lack of molecular resources.  To facilitate research on this pest, we evaluated 12 common housekeeping genes studied in insects (GAPDH, ACT, βACT, TBP, SDH, βTUB, EF1γ, EF1α, EF1δ, RPL32, RPS15, and RPL27) for their expression stability in A. suturalis when subjected to various experimental treatments, including three biotic (developmental stage and sex, tissue type, and metathoracic scent gland for varying developmental stages and sexes) and one abiotic (RNA interference injection) conditions.  Four dedicated algorithms (ΔCt method, geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder) were used to analyze gene expression stability.  In addition, RefFinder provided an overall ranking of the stability/suitability of these candidates.  This study is the first to provide a comprehensive list of suitable reference genes for gene expression analyses in A. suturalis, which can serve to facilitate transcript expression study of related biological processes in this and related species.
 
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14. Effects of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis, protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality
LI Xin, XIA An-qi, CHEN Li-juan, DU Man-ting, CHEN Li, KANG Ning, ZHANG De-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (10): 2336-2344.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61922-7
摘要377)      PDF    收藏
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis, protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality.  Two preslaughter animal treatments, transport for 3 h and lairage for 0 h (T3L0) and transport for 3 h and then lairage for 12 h (T3L12), were compared with a control treatment of 0 h transport and 0 h lairage.  Data obtained showed that preslaughter transport had a significant effect on lamb meat quality.  Loins from lambs of the T3L0 treatment showed higher (P=0.026) pH24 h and higher (P=0.021) pH48 h values, but lower (P<0.001) drip loss and lower (P<0.05) glycolytic potential at 0 h post mortem than those of the T3L12 and control groups.  Muscle samples of the T3L0 group showed higher (P=0.046) shear force and lower (P=0.005) b* value than those of the T3L12 group.  Muscle glycogen concentration at 0, 2, 4 h post mortem were lower (P<0.05) in the T3L0 group than in control.  No significant difference (P>0.05) in most meat quality parameters was determined between the T3L12 group and control, showing lairage for 12 h allowed lambs to recover from the effects of transport for 3 h and resulted in similar meat quality characteristics compared to no transport.  Lairage after transport did not affect most meat quality indices in comparison with control, but increased the meat drip loss and b* value of lambs possibly through decreasing glycogen concentration and glycolytic potential.
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15. Construction of Salmonella Pullorum ghost by co-expression of lysis gene E and the antimicrobial peptide SMAP29 and evaluation of its immune efficacy in specific-pathogen-free chicks
TIAN Qiu-feng, ZHOU Wei, SI Wei, YI Fei, HUA Xin, YUE Min, CHEN Li-ping, LIU Si-guo, YU Shen-ye
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (01): 197-209.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61696-4
摘要664)      PDF    收藏
In this study, a safety enhanced Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum) ghost was constructed using an antimicrobial peptide gene, and evaluated for its potential as a Pullorum disease (PD) vaccine candidate.  The antimicrobial peptide SMAP29 was co-expressed with lysis gene E to generate S. Pullorum ghosts.  No viable bacteria were detectable either in the fermentation culture after induction of gene E- and SMAP29-mediated lysis for 24 h or in the lyophilized ghost products.  Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were intraperitoneally immunized with ghosts at day 7 of age and no mortality, clinical symptoms or signs of PD such as anorexia, depression and diarrhea were observed.  On challenge with a virulent S. Pullorum strain at 4 wk post-immunization, a comparatively higher level of protection was observed in the S. Pullorum ghost immunized chickens with a minimum of pathological lesions and bacterial loads compared to the birds in inactivated vaccine groups.  In addition, immunization with the S. Pullorum ghosts induced a potent systemic IgG response and was associated with significantly increased levels of cytokine IFN-γ and IL-4 and relative percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.  Our results indicate that SMAP29 can be employed as a new secondary lethal protein to enhance the safety of bacterial ghosts, and to prepare a non-living bacterial vaccine candidate that can prevent PD in chickens.
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16. FpPDE1 function of Fsarium pseudograminearum on pathogenesis in wheat
WANG Li-min, ZHANG Yi-fan, DU Zhen-lin, Kang Rui-jiao, CHEN Lin-lin, XING Xiao-ping, YUAN Hong-xia, Ding Sheng-li, LI Hong-lian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (11): 2504-2512.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61689-7
摘要668)      PDF    收藏
Wheat crown rot caused by Fusarium spp. is a common disease worldwide.  Both Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum infect wheat crown and produce mycotoxin leading to grain loss due to white head.  F. pseudograminearum (Fp) was reported in wheat from Henan Province of China a couple of years ago.  The wheat crown rot (CR) caused by this new pathogen is as an emerging severe disease of wheat, which has recently expanded to several provinces in China and is, therefore, under rapid investigation.  Colonization of wheat tissue by Fp is accomplished though the formation of a septated foot-shaped appressoria and generation of a penetration peg to break through the internal cells of leaf sheath.  The molecular mechanism by which Fp regulates the pathogenesis on wheat host is unclear.  Here, we report FpPDE1, a P-type ATPase-encoding predicted PDE1 orthologue gene of Magnaporthe oryzae, belonging to the DRS2 subfamily of aminophospholipid translocases.  The gene deletion of FpPDE1 with the split-marker approach did not obviously affect hyphae growth and conidiation, but led to an attenuated virulence on wheat base stem and root.  Our finding indicates that the putative aminophospholipid translocases is not essential for the infectious hyphae development in Fp.  
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17. Significant association of the novel Rf4-targeted SNP marker with the restorer for WA-CMS in different rice backgrounds and its utilization in molecular screening
CHEN Li-kai, YAN Xian-cheng, DAI Jun-hao, CHEN Si-ping, LIU Yong-zhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Zhiqiang, GUO Tao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (10): 2128-2135.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61620-9
摘要785)      PDF    收藏
   In the rice cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS) system, the combination of a CMS line, maintainer line and restorer line carrying the restorer gene to restore fertility, is indispensable for the development of hybrids. However, the process of screening for the trait of fertility restoration is laborious and time-consuming. In the present study, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of the Rf4 gene, which is the major locus controlling fertility restoration, to identify allele-specific variation. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A/C at +474 in the coding sequence (CDS) was found to be capable of strictly distinguishing groups of alleles Rf4 (A) and rf4 (C). Using KASP genotyping, this valuable SNP was converted to an allele-specific PCR marker. We evaluated and validated the marker among three-line parents with different backgrounds, and the results revealed a complete correlation between SNP alleles and the fertility restoration phenotype. Molecular screening was subsequently carried out for the presence of alleles of Rf4 and Rf3 among 328 diverse rice cultivars with worldwide distribution. The results demonstrate that this SNP marker could be the optimal choice for the molecular identification of potential restorers.
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18. Morphology and glucosinolate profiles of chimeric Brassica and the responses of Bemisia tabaci in host selection, oviposition and development
LI Jun-xing, RAO Lin-li, XIE Hui, Monika Schreiner, CHEN Li-ping, LIU Yin-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (09): 2009-2018.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61617-9
摘要684)      PDF    收藏
Plant structures and chemicals, which are developed from the shoot apical meristem (SAM), form the main barriers to insect feeding.  A plant chimera containing cells of different genetic origins in the SAM will be morphologically and chemically different compared with the parents and thus may result in differential resistance to herbivores.  In this study, we explore if particular elements of plant resistance are localized in one of the layers of SAM; the replacement of one cell layer in a chimera may be linked to change of a single resistance trait to herbivores.  The morphology and glucosinolate profiles of two periclinal chimeras (labeled as TTC and TCC, respectively) and grafted parents tuber mustard (labeled as TTT) and red cabbage (labeled as CCC) were compared and the performance of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in host selection, oviposition preference and development were assessed under controlled conditions.  Both chimeras possessed leaf trichomes as parent tuber mustard TTT, however, TTC had significantly more trichomes than TCC and parent TTT.  Leaf wax content of both chimeras was intermediate between the two parents.  Five aliphatic and two indole glucosinolates were detected in both chimeras, whereas three aliphatic glucosinolates (3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl, 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl) were not detected in tuber mustard, and one aliphatic glucosinolate (3-butenyl) was not detected in red cabbage.  Unexpectedly for a chimera, the quantities of two aliphatic glucosinolates (3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl and 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl) in both TTC and TCC were 3- to 5-fold higher than parents.  In olfactory preference assays, B. tabaci showed preference to CCC, followed by TCC, TTC and TTT, and number of eggs laid showed the same pattern: CCC>TCC>TTC>TTT.  Interestingly, more whiteflies landed on TTT plants than the other three types in a free choice experiment and the developmental duration from egg to adult was the shortest on TTT and increased in the order TTT<TTC<TCC<CCC.  Our results indicate plant defenses traits of leaf waxes, trichomes and glucosinolates are not controlled by one cell layer of SAM, but are influenced by interactions amongst cell layers.  The overall findings suggest that periclinal chimera systems can be a valuable approach for the study of plant-insect interactions and may also be useful for future resistance breeding. 
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19. Toxicity threshold of lead (Pb) to nitrifying microorganisms in soils determined by substrate-induced nitrification assay and prediction model
ZHENG Han, CHEN Li, LI Ning, LIU Bin, MENG Nan, WANG Meng, CHEN Shi-bao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (08): 1832-1840.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61586-1
摘要611)      PDF    收藏
    Lead (Pb) contamination has often been recorded in Chinese field soils. In recent years, efforts have been made to investigate Pb toxicity thresholds in soils with plant growth and microbial assays. However, the influence of soil properties on Pb toxicity impacts on soil microbial processes is poorly understood. In this study ten soils with different properties were collected in China to investigate the relationships between thresholds of Pb toxicity to soil microbes and soil properties. The effect of soil leaching on Pb toxicity was also investigated to determine the possible influence of added anions on Pb toxicity during dose-response tests. Toxicity was inferred by measuring substrate-induced nitrification in leached and non-leached soils after Pb addition. We found that soil microbe Pb toxicity thresholds (ECx, x=10, 50) differed significantly between the soils; the 10% inhibition ratio values (EC10) ranged from 86 to 218 mg kg–1 in non-leached soils and from 101 to 313 mg kg–1 in leached soils. The 50% inhibition ratio values (EC50) ranged from 403 to 969 mg kg–1 in non-leached soils and from 494 to 1 603 mg kg–1 in leached soils. Soil leaching increased EC10 and EC50 values by an average leaching factor (LF) of 1.46 and 1.33, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression models predicting Pb toxicity to soil microbes were developed based on ECx and soil properties. Based on these models, soil pH and organic carbon are the most important soil properties affecting Pb toxicity thresholds (R2>0.60). The quantitative relationship between Pb toxicity and soil properties will be helpful for developing soil-specific guidance on Pb toxicity thresholds in Chinese field soils.
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20. Subcellular Cd accumulation characteristic in root cell wall of rice cultivars with different sensitivities to Cd stress in soil
LIU Bin, CHEN Li, CHEN Shi-bao, LI Ning, ZHENG Han, JIN Ke, PANG Huan-cheng, MA Yi-bing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (9): 2114-2122.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61227-8
摘要1350)      PDF    收藏
   The variations of grain cadmiun (Cd) concentrations, translocation factors (TFs) of Cd from roots to shoots/grains of six rice cultivars, characterized with different Cd-sensitivities in polluted soil were studied, the selected rice cultivars were Xiangzao 17 (R1), Jiayu 211 (R2), Xiangzao 42 (R3), Zhuliangyou 312 (R4), Zhuliangyou 611 (R5), and Jinyou 463 (R6), respectively. The Cd subcellular distribution and Cd binding characteristics on subcellular fractions of rice root cell wall (CW) were further investigated. The results showed that the rice grain Cd contents varied significantly, with a maximum variation of 47.0% among the cultivars, the largest grain Cd content was observed with cultivar R1 (Cd-sensitivity cultivar) and the smallest with R5 (Cd-tolerance cultivar). The translocation factors of Cd from roots to shoots (TFshoot) and roots to grains (TFgrain) varied greatly among the cultivars. In general, the TFgrain of the cultivars followed the order of R1>R2>R3>R4> R6-R5. The Cd concentration (mg kg–1 FW) in the fraction of root CW, the fraction of cell wall removing pectin (CW-P) and the fraction of cell wall removing pectin and hemicellulose (CW-P-HC) of the cultivars generally followed the order of CW-P>CW>CW-P-HC; the ratios of Cd concentration (mg kg–1 FW) in the fraction of CW-P to that of CW were mostly more than 1.10, while the ratios of Cd concentration in the fraction of CW-P-HC to that of CW were mostly less than 0.60, indicating that Cd was mainly stored in the hemicellulose of the root CW. The ratios of Cd of CW-P-HC to CW generally followed the descending order of R1~R2>R3>R4>R5~R6 for the cultivars, which implied that hemicellulose is probably the main subcellular pool for transferring Cd into rice grain, and it restrains the translocation of Cd from shoot to the grain, especially for the Cd-tolerance cultivars (R5 and R6), the compartmentation of more Cd in hemicellulose in root CW is probably one of the main mechanisms for Cd tolerance of rice cultivars.
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21. Variation of Cd concentration in various rice cultivars and derivation of cadmium toxicity thresholds for paddy soil by species-sensitivity distribution
SONG Wen-en, CHEN Shi-bao, LIU Ji-fang, CHEN Li, SONG Ning-ning, LI Ning, LIU Bin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (9): 1845-1854.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60926-6
摘要1919)      PDF    收藏
It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd concentration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed significant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with significant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribution (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be fitted well with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.
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22. QTL analysis of leaf photosynthesis rate and related physiological traits in Brassica napus
YAN Xing-ying, QU Cun-min, LI Jia-na, CHEN Li, LIU Lie-zhao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (7): 1261-1268.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60958-8
摘要2247)      PDF    收藏
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil is the crucial source of edible oil in China. In addition, it can become a major renewable and sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production in the future. It is known that photosynthesis products are the primary sources for dry matter accumulation in rapeseed. Therefore, increasing the photosynthetic efficiency is desirable for the raise of rapeseed yield. The objective of the present study was to identify the genetic mechanism of photosynthesis based on the description of relationships between different photosynthetic traits and their quantitative trait loci (QTL) by using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 172 lines. Specifically, correlation analysis in this study showed that internal CO2 concentration has negative correlations with other three physiological traits under two different stages. Totally, 11 and 12 QTLs of the four physiological traits measured at the stages 1 and 2 were detected by using a high-density single nucleotidepolymorphism (SNP) markers linkage map with composite interval mapping (CIM), respectively. Three co-localized QTLs on A03 were detected at stage 1 with 5, 5, and 10% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Other two co-localized QTLs were located on A05 at stage 2, which explained up to 12 and 5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The results are beneficial for our understanding of genetic control of photosynthetic physiological characterizations and improvement of rapeseed yield in the future.
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23. Carbon and nitrogen allocations in corn grown in Central and Northeast China: different responses to fertilization treatments
MIAO Hui-tian, Lü Jia-long, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Wen-ju, HUANG Shao-min, PENG Chang, CHEN Li-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (6): 1212-1221.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60790-5
摘要2033)      PDF    收藏
In order to reveal the impact of various fertilization strategies on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and allocation in corn (Zea mays L.), corn was grown in the fields where continuous fertilization management had been lasted about 18 years at two sites located in Central and Northeast China (Zhengzhou and Gongzhuling), and biomass C and N contents in different organs of corn at harvest were analyzed. The fertilization treatments included non-fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizers of either nitrogen (N), or nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), or phosphorus and potassium (PK), or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK plus manure (NPKM), 150% of the NPKM (1.5NPKM), and NPK plus straw (NPKS). The results showed that accumulated C in aboveground ranged from 2 550–5 630 kg ha–1 in the control treatment to 9 300–9 610 kg ha–1 in the NPKM treatment, of which 57–67% and 43–50% were allocated in the non-grain organs, respectively. Accumulated N in aboveground ranged from 44.8–55.2 kg ha–1 in the control treatment to 211–222 kg ha–1 in the NPKM treatment, of which 35–48% and 33–44% were allocated in the non-grain parts, respectively. C allocated to stem and leaf for the PK treatment was 65 and 49% higher than that for the NPKM treatment at the both sites, respectively, while N allocated to the organs for the PK treatment was 18 and 6% higher than that for the NPKM treatment, respectively. This study demonstrated that responses of C and N allocation in corn to fertilization strategies were different, and C allocation was more sensitive to fertilization treatments than N allocation in the area.
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24. Toxicity and binding analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Vip3A in Cry1Ac-resistant and -susceptible strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
ZHANG Qian, CHEN Li-zhen, LU Qiong, ZHANG Yan, LIANG Ge-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (2): 347-354.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60770-X
摘要2171)      PDF    收藏
The Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein, Vip3A, represents a new family of Bt toxin and is currently applied to commercial transgenic cotton. To determine whether the Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa armigera is cross-resistant to Vip3Aa protein, insecticidal activities, proteolytic activations and binding properties of Vip3Aa toxin were investigated using Cry1Ac-susceptible (96S) and Cry1Ac-resistant H. armigera strain (Cry1Ac-R). The toxicity of Vip3Aa in Cry1Ac-R slightly reduced compared with 96S, the resistance ratio was only 1.7-fold. The digestion rate of full-length Vip3Aa by gut juice extracts from 96S was little faster than that from Cry1Ac-R. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed there was no significant difference between the binding affinity of Vip3Aa and BBMVs between 96S and Cry1Ac-R strains, and there was no significant competitive binding between Vip3Aa and Cry1Ac in susceptible or resistant strains. So there had little cross-resistance between Vip3Aa and Cry1Ac,Vip3A+Cry proteins maybe the suitable pyramid strategy to control H. armigera in China in the future.
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25. Effect of graded levels of fiber from alfalfa meal on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of growing pigs
CHEN Liang, GAO Li-xiang, LIU Li, DING Ze-ming, ZHANG Hong-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (12): 2598-2604.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60924-2
摘要1301)      PDF    收藏
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of fiber level from alfalfa meal and sampling time on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in growing pigs. A total of 24 ileal-cannulated pigs (Duroc×(Large White×Landrace) with body weight (21.4±1.5) kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. The pigs were provided a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during two 10-d experimental periods. The AID of AA was measured. Six ileal-cannulated pigs were fed a protein-free diet in order to estimate the endogenous protein losses and SID of AA. Ileal AA digestibility was not affected by inclusion of 5 or 10% alfalfa meal in the diet (P>0.05). The AID of His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Asp, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser and Tyr reduced by 2.0–6.8% with the addition level of alfalfa meal (linear, P<0.05). The SID of His, Lys, Ser, Thr and Tyr decreased by 2.2–4.3% as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased (linear, P<0.05). The AID and SID of AA were not affected by the sampling time (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both the soluble and insoluble fiber content in the diets, explained more than 36% of variation in SID of Ser and Thr (P<0.05). In conclusion, the corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% of alfalfa meal did not affect ileal AA digestion. The AID and SID of AA were similar between two sampling times. Increasing the concentration of total dietary fiber from 12.3 to 21.4% by adding graded levels of alfalfa meal (0–20%) to a corn-soybean meal control diet induced a linear reduction in AID and SID of most AA. Soluble and insoluble fibers from alfalfa meal have differential roles in the AA digestion, which may help explain the variation observed in the SID of partial AA. These findings would provide important information for dietary fiber level and composition related to AA digestion.
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26. Comparative proteomics analysis of pomegranate seeds on fruit maturation period (Punica granatum L.)
CAO Shang-yin, NIU Juan, CAO Da, LI Hao-xian, XUE Hui, CHEN Li-na, ZHANG Fu-hong, ZHAO Di-guang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (12): 2558-2564.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61029-2
摘要1502)      PDF    收藏
Seeds play a central role in the life cycle of plants. Seed hardness in pomegranates is of economic relevance, yet scarcely studied and poorly understood in China. In this study, we compared the proteomic differences between Zhongnonghong (soft-seeded) and Sanbai (hard-seeded) pomegranates. A total of 892 protein spots from both varieties were detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels (2-DE); 76 spots showed greater than a 1.5-fold or less than a 0.66-fold difference (P<0.05) in Zhongnonghong compared to Sanbai, of which 24 exhibited greater than a 2-fold change. Compared with Sanbai, Zhongnonghong possessed 14 up-regulated, and 10 down-regulated proteins. We identified and annotated 5 of these by using MALDI-TOF-TOF MS: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) E1-β family protein (spot 4 609); alanine aminotransferase 2-like (ALT2L); mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex P-protein (spot 5 803); phosphofructokinase B (PfkB)-type family of carbohydrate kinase (spot 8 411); and putative dnaK-type molecular chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) (spot 9 006). Of these, 3 proteins (spots 4 609, 5 608, 5 803) were hypothesized to play a role in the formation of seed hardness. The other two proteins (spots 8 411, 9 006) were theorized to play a role in protecting the seeds from adverse stress during periods of fruit maturation. This study sets the foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms related to pomegranate seed hardness.
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27. Long-term organic and inorganic fertilizations enhanced basic soil productivity in a fluvo-aquic soil
ZHA Yan, WU Xue-ping, GONG Fu-fei, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Hui-min, CHEN Li-ming, HUANG Shao-min, CAI Dian-xiong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (12): 2477-2489.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61191-1
摘要1563)      PDF    收藏
The improvement of soil productivity depends on a rational input of water and nutrients, optimal field management, and the increase of basic soil productivity (BSP). In this study, BSP is defined as the productive capacity of a farmland soil with its own physical and chemical properties for a specific crop season under local field management. Based on 19-yr data of the long-term agronomic experiments (1989–2008) on a fluvo-aquic soil in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT ver. 4.0) crop growth model was used to simulate yields by BSP of winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) to examine the relationship between BSP and soil organic carbon (SOC) under long-term fertilization. Five treatments were included: (1) no fertilization (control), (2) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NPK), (3) NPK plus manure (NPKM), (4) 1.5 times of NPKM (1.5NPKM), and (5) NPK plus straw (NPKS). After 19 yr of treatments, the SOC stock increased 16.7, 44.2, 69.9, and 25.2% under the NPK, NPKM, 1.5NPKM, and NPKS, respectively, compared to the initial value. Among various nutrient factors affecting contribution percentage of BSP to winter wheat and summer maize, SOC was a major affecting factor for BSP in the fluvo-aquic soil. There were significant positive correlations between SOC stock and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize (P<0.01), and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize increased 154 and 132 kg ha–1 when SOC stock increased 1 t C ha–1. Thus, increased SOC accumulation is a crucial way for increasing BSP in fluvo-aquic soil. The manure or straw combined application with chemical fertilizers significantly enhanced BSP compared to the application of chemical fertilizers alone.
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28. Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs
CHEN Liang, GAO Li-xiang , ZHANG Hong-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (8): 1746-1752.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60571-7
摘要1382)      PDF    收藏
The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows (Duroc×(Large White×Landrace), body weight=(60.6±0.7) kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain (ADG) and the ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and gross energy (GE) reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased (P<0.01). The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa (linear, P<0.05). Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE (P<0.01). In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.
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29. Effect of Nitric Oxide on Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
ZHAO Xiu-feng, CHEN Lin, Muhammad I A Rehmani, WANG Qiang-sheng, WANG Shao-hua, HOU Pengfu, LI Gang-hua , DING Yan-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (9): 1540-1550.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60417-7
摘要1841)      PDF    收藏
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule in plants that plays a key role in mediating a wide range of physiological processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and Cd uptake in rice plants. Rice plants were exposed to Cd stress (0.2 mmol L-1 CdCl2) and different concentrations of SNP (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol L-1). A SNP concentration of 0.1 mmol L-1 (SNP10) significantly reduced the Cd-induced decrease in shoot and root dry weights and leaf chlorophyll concentrations. The addition of NO also reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ascorbic acid (ASA) concentrations. However, the reduction in glutathione (GSH) concentration was inhibited by NO treatment. Moreover, NO prevented the Cd-induced increase in antioxidative enzyme activity. The amount of Cd accumulation in rice plants was also influenced by the addition of NO. The NO supplied by the SNP enhanced the Cd tolerance of the rice by increasing the Cd uptake by the roots and decreasing the Cd accumulation by the shoots. However, the application of potassium ferrocyanide (Cd+Fe) or sodium nitrate and nitrite (Cd+N) (without NO release), did not exhibit the effects of the SNP. Furthermore, the effects of the SNP were reversed by the addition of hemoglobin (an NO scavenger). Our results suggested that exogenous NO was involved in the resistance of rice to Cdtoxicity.
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30. Effect of PMSG/hCG Superovulation on Mouse Embryonic Development
WU Bao-jiang, XUE Hong-yan, CHEN Li-ping, DAI Yan-feng, GUO Ji-tong, LI Xi-he
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (6): 1066-1072.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60325-1
摘要2628)      PDF    收藏
Kunming mouse strain is widely used in China, and the superovulation was administrated with 10 IU PMSG combined with 10 IU hCG. In this study, the effects of the exogenous gonadotropins on superovulation of Kunming mice and embryo quality derived from the superovulated mice were assessed. Female mice at 6-8-wk old were superovulated with 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 IU PMSG/hCG and mated with male mice. The embryos were retrieved at 2.5 d post coitum. No statistic difference was observed for the number of 2-cell embryos collected per mouse between control and 5 IU PMSG/hCG treatment group, but the number significantly increased for 7.5 and 10 IU PMSG/hCG treatment group (P<0.05). The average number of 4- cell and 8-cell embryos collected from each mouse significantly differed between control and 5, 7.5, 10 IU PMSG/hCG treatment groups (P<0.05). When 8-cell embryos derived from mice administrated with 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 IU PMSG/hCG were cultured in KSOM, the blastocyst development rates were 88.1, 94.7, 96.1 and 94.3%, respectively, which were similar to control (P>0.05). This indicated that exogenous gonadotropins have no effects on development of Kunming mouse embryos. The quality of blastocyst was assessed by labelling with Hoechst and propidium iodide for inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells, the result showed that ICM/TE ratio significantly decreased for 10 IU PMSG/hCG treatment group compared with control, 5 and 7.5 IU PMSG/hCG treatment group (P<0.05). This suggested that the embryo quality of Kunming mouse has been affected by high dose of gonadotropins.
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