土壤调理剂改善镉污染农田土壤微生物群落抑制水稻积累Cd

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤调理剂中添加硅和有机肥可抑制重金属离子从土壤向作物的转移，但目前并不清楚硅和有机肥如何通过影响土壤性质和微生态环境进而减少水稻的镉积累。本研究通过两地田间实验分析了含硅和有机肥的L型土壤调理剂对细菌和真菌群落多样性、土壤pH、有机质及有效硅含量的影响。结果表明，随着土壤调理剂中硅和有机肥含量的增加，两个试验点的水稻产量分别增加了16.8%~25.8%和6.8%~13.1%, 稻米Cd含量显著降低了8.2%~21.1%和10.8%~40.6%。土壤微生物组学分析证明与镉吸附、螯合相关的Firmicutes和Actinobacteriota细菌和与大分子物质降解有关的Basidiomycota真菌种群丰度的增加，有利于抑制土壤中镉的活性（土壤ESC-Cd降低了14.4%~14.8%和18.1%~20.6%），这与施用土壤调理剂引起有机质和有效硅含量增加有关。总之，L型土壤调理剂中的有机质和硅可通过调节土壤中镉钝化优势菌群，降低土壤镉有效性，最终减少稻米镉积累。

Abstract: The addition of silicon (Si) and organic fertilizers to soil conditioners can inhibit the transfer of heavy metal ions from soil to crops. However, it is not clear how Si and organic fertilizers affect soil properties and the micro-ecological environment and thereby reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice. In this study, the effects of L-type soil conditioners containing Si and organic fertilizers on bacterial and fungal community diversity, soil pH, organic matter, and available Si were analyzed with field experiments at two sites in Liuzhou City and Hezhou City, respectively, in Guangxi, China. With the increase of Si and organic fertilizer content in soil conditioner, rice yield respectively increased by 16.8–25.8 and 6.8–13.1%, and rice Cd content decreased significantly by 8.2–21.1 and 10.8–40.6%, respectively, at the two experimental sites. Soil microbiome analysis showed that the increase in abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota bacteria associated with Cd adsorption and sequestration, and Basidiomycota fungal populations associated with degradation of macromolecules favored the inhibition of soil Cd activity (soil exchangeable Cd decreased by 14.4–14.8 and 18.1–20.6%). This was associated with an increase in organic matter and Si content caused by applying soil conditioners. In conclusion, L-type soil conditioners, rich in Si and organic fertilizer, can reduce soil Cd bioavailability by regulating the dominant Cd passivating flora in the soil and ultimately reduce Cd accumulation in rice.

Key words: soil conditioner , silicon , organic matter , microbial community , Cd accumulation in rice

ZHAO Jun-yang, LU Hua-ming, QIN Shu-tao, PAN Peng, TANG Shi-de, CHEN Li-hong, WANG Xue-li, TANG Fang-yu, TAN Zheng-long, WEN Rong-hui, HE Bing. 土壤调理剂改善镉污染农田土壤微生物群落抑制水稻积累Cd[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(8): 2521-2535.

ZHAO Jun-yang, LU Hua-ming, QIN Shu-tao, PAN Peng, TANG Shi-de, CHEN Li-hong, WANG Xue-li, TANG Fang-yu, TAN Zheng-long, WEN Rong-hui, HE Bing. Soil conditioners improve Cd-contaminated farmland soil microbial communities to inhibit Cd accumulation in rice[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(8): 2521-2535.

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