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研究黄淮西部高粱籽粒产量和品质对气候环境条件的响应,探讨气象因子与高粱产量和品质的关系,为黄淮西部高粱高产、优质、高效生产提供理论和技术参考。
2017-2018年,以矮秆高粱品种辽杂37和中高秆品种辽杂19为试验材料,设S1（4月20日）、S2（4月30日）、S3（5月10日）、S4（5月20日）、S5（5月30日）和S6（6月10日）6个播期,3次重复,随机区组设计,测定不同播期条件下高粱籽粒产量和品质的变化,采用回归分析方法和灰色关联度分析方法,探究高粱籽粒产量和品质形成对气象因子的响应。
年际间、播期间对2个高粱品种的籽粒产量影响差异极显著（P＜0.01）,年际与播期互作对辽杂37产量的影响差异显著（P＜0.05）,其对辽杂19产量的影响差异极显著（P＜0.01）;随着播期的推迟,2个品种产量表现为先升高后降低的趋势,播期S4籽粒产量高于其他播期处理,其次是播期S5,播期S1产量最低,其2个品种S4的平均产量较S1和S5分别高56.20%和4.53%。不同播期对辽杂37和辽杂19的籽粒品质含量影响差异极显著（P＜0.01）,随着播期的推迟,籽粒蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,播期S4籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉含量和脂肪含量均较高,其2个品种的平均蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪含量分别为10.81%、79.96%和3.73%,而单宁含量呈现先降低后逐渐升高的趋势,播期S2 2个品种的平均单宁含量最低（0.13%）,播期S1其次（0.19%）,与含量最高的播期S6差值分别为0.33和0.27个百分点。生育期内气象因子均能影响高粱籽粒产量,辽杂37和辽杂19的籽粒产量对有效降雨（R 2=0.5910,R 2=0.5138）呈一次函数关系,且对有效积温（R 2=0.3458,R 2=0.4269）和日照时数（R 2=0.3247,R 2=0.3464）的反应呈二次函数关系,但对日均温度的反应辽杂37呈一次函数关系（R 2=0.6636）和辽杂19呈二次函数关系（R 2=0.3507）;不同气象因子对辽杂37和辽杂19的产量影响顺序一致,其中有效降雨优势最大（GRA=0.389）,有效积温其次（GRA=0.322）,日均温度再次（GRA=0.312）,日照时数最后（GRA=0.265）。生育期内气象因子对高粱籽粒的蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、脂肪含量和单宁含量均有影响,2个品种籽粒品质对气象因子的反应存在差异,且对辽杂37的籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、脂肪含量、单宁含量影响最大的气象因子分别为有效降雨（GRA=0.646）、有效积温（GRA=0.587）、有效降雨（GRA=0.456）和日均温度（GRA=0.269）,而对辽杂19的籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、脂肪含量、单宁含量影响最大的气象因子均为日均温度,其关联系数分别为0.660、0.791、0.554和0.241。
适期播种是高粱产量和籽粒品质形成的关键,适当推迟播期可减少花期热害和成熟期阴雨,有利于产量和品质的形成;生育期内气象因子影响高粱籽粒产量和品质形成,其效应可能大于品种本身。
Abstract：【Objective】The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between sorghum yield, quality and climatic factor based on the effect of sorghum yield and quality on different environments.【Method】Sorghum varieties of Liaoza 37 with dwarf height and Liaoza 19 with middle-high height were used as tested materials. Sorghum yield, quality, and climatic factors were measured to explore their relationships by using regression analysis method and grey relational analysis method with different sowing dates (S1： 20 April, S2： 30 April, S3： 10 May, S4： 20 May, S5： 30 May, and S6：10 June). Moreover, the test was designed by randomized block with three repetitions. 【Result】 A significant difference was found in sorghum yield due to different growing seasons and sowing dates (P＜0.01). For interaction effect of sowing date and growing seasons, the differences of Liaoza 37 and Liaoza 19 were significant (P＜0.05, P＜0.01, respectively). The variation that were yield of Liaoza 37 and Liaoza 19 increased firstly then decreased with sowing date postponing, S4 yield was the highest than that of others, and then S5, S1 was last. Average yields of Liaoza 37 and Liaoza 19 from S4 increased by 56.20% and 4.53% than those of S5 and S1. Significant differences of Liaoza 37 and Liaoza 19 were found in contents of quality due to different sowing dates (P＜0.01), and the variation that was contents of protein, fat, and starch increased firstly then decreased with sowing date postponing, average contents of protein, fat, and starch from S4 with 10.81%, 79.96%, and 3.73% were the highest than those of others. However, tannin content was firstly decreased then increased, two low contents with 0.13% and 0.19% were found on S2 and S1, and difference values of 0.33 and 0.27 were existed between S2, S1, and S6 with the highest content of tannin. Sorghum yield was affected by climatic factors. A linear function was found between yields of Liaoza 37, Liaoza 19 and effective precipitation (R 2=0.5910, R 2=0.5138), quadratic function existed between effective temperature (R 2=0.3458, R 2=0.4269), daily sunshine duration (R 2=0.3247, R 2=0.3464), and yields of Liaoza37, Liaoza 19. Moreover, responses of average daily temperature on yields of Liaoza 37 and Liaoza 19 were linear function (R 2=0.6636) and quadratic function (R 2=0.3507), respectively. The effective precipitation with the highest grey relation coefficient (0.389) was a key factor for yield development of Liaoza 37 and Liaoza19, and effective temperature (0.322), average dairy temperature (0.312), and daily sunshine duration (0.265) were ordinal. Climatic factors had effect on the contents of protein, fat, starch, and tannin, and responses of the quality from Liaoza 37 and Liaoza 19 on climatic factors were different. The effective precipitation, the effective temperature, the effective precipitation, and average dairy temperature with the highest grey relation coefficients of 0.646, 0.587, 0.458, and 0.269 had important effect on development of protein, starch, fat, and tannin in Liaoza 37, respectively. Moreover, average dairy temperature with the highest grey relation coefficients of 0.660, 0.791, 0.554, and 0.241 had important effect on development of protein, starch, fat, and tannin in Liaoza 19, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The suitable sowing date was a key factor for growth and development of sorghum, and the fit postponed sowing date was good for yield and quality development due to avoiding heat damage in anthesis and rainy in mature period. Yield and quality of sorghum were affected by climatic factors, and they may play more important role on yield and quality development of sorghum than that of variety.
