不同作物轮作系统对土壤易氧化有机碳和碳库活度差异性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (24): 5201-5215.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

不同作物轮作系统对土壤易氧化有机碳和碳库活度差异性的影响

马鹤逍¹(), 葛国龙¹, 张向前²^,³^,^*(), 路战远¹^,², 王满秀¹, 戎美仁²^,³, 师晶晶¹, 张德健¹^,^*(), 孙雪萍³

¹ 内蒙古大学生命科学学院/牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室，呼和浩特 010020
² 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院/农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室，呼和浩特 010031
³ 内蒙古农业大学，呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2025-01-16 接受日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-12-22 发布日期:2025-12-22
通信作者:
张向前，E-mail：zhangxiangqian_2008@126.com。
张德健，E-mail：zhangdejian00@163.com
联系方式: 马鹤逍，E-mail：17836227607@163.com。
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2025YFDZ0059); 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0071); 国家自然科学基金(32060450); 中央引导地方科技发展资金(2022ZY0216); 农牧交错区耕地保育与产能提升创新人才团队项目(2025TYL09)

Effects of Different Crop Rotation Systems on Soil Readily Oxidized Organic Carbon and Carbon Pool Activity Differences

MA HeXiao¹(), GE GuoLong¹, ZHANG XiangQian²^,³^,^*(), LU ZhanYuan¹^,², WANG ManXiu¹, RONG MeiRen²^,³, SHI JingJing¹, ZHANG DeJian¹^,^*(), SUN XuePing³

¹ College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University/Key Laboratory of Forage and Characteristic Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010020
² Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031
³ Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018

Received:2025-01-16 Accepted:2025-04-17 Published:2025-12-22 Online:2025-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】土壤有机碳库活度及稳定性是直接反映土壤质量的重要指标，探究作物长期轮作系统对土壤有机碳、活性有机碳及土壤碳库管理指数的影响，为黑土区土壤碳库科学管理和作物合理布局提供依据。【方法】试验于2016年开始，共设置马铃薯连作（P-P）、玉米连作（M-M）、大豆连作（S-S）、大豆-玉米轮作（S-M）、大豆-马铃薯轮作（S-P）、玉米-玉米-马铃薯轮作（M-M-P）及大豆-玉米-马铃薯轮作（S-M-P）7个处理，以P-P为对照。系统分析不同处理2022及2023年收获期0—60 cm土层土壤有机碳（SOC）、易氧化有机碳（ROC）、惰性有机碳（IOC）及土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）的变化特征。【结果】与P-P处理相比，2022及2023年：（1）0—10 cm土层S-M-P及S-M处理SOC含量分别显著增加了10.22%—12.49%、20.67%—36.75%；10—20 cm土层M-M-P处理SOC含量分别显著提高了16.65%、33.76%；20—40 cm土层S-M-P及M-M-P处理SOC含量分别显著提高了28.74%—36.78%、48.78%—53.67%；2023年40—60 cm土层S-M-P显著提高了14.90%（P<0.05）。（2）0—10 cm土层S-M及M-M-P处理ROC₃₃₃含量分别显著提高了20.09%—20.41%、34.94%—39.69%；10—20 cm土层所有轮作处理ROC₃₃₃分别显著增长13.16%—26.32%、28.98%—52.63%（P<0.05）。（3）0—10 cm土层S-P、S-M及S-M-P处理ROC₁₆₇含量分别显著提高了21.11%—35.46%、42.33%—44.85% （P<0.05）。（4）0—10 cm土层S-M-P处理ROC_33.3含量分别显著提高了18.04%、19.02% （P<0.05）。（5）0—10 cm土层S-M-P处理IOC显著提高13.30%、14.84%；20—40 cm土层M-M-P、S-M-P、S-M处理显著提高了20.38%—52.51%、59.56%—69.54%（P<0.05）。（6）0—10 cm土层S-M和M-M-P处理CPMI显著提高24.07%—28.13%、41.46%—42.57%；10—20 cm土层所有轮作处理显著提高了17.34%—31.49%、36.97%—61.11%（P<0.05）。【结论】玉米-大豆、大豆-玉米-马铃薯及玉米-玉米-马铃薯轮作有利于提高土壤碳库活度，增加土壤碳稳定性。豆科作物轮作既可增加有机碳库活度也可保持其稳定性，有利于稳定黑土地土壤碳库平衡。

关键词: 农牧交错黑土区, 玉米, 大豆, 马铃薯, 轮作, 土壤有机碳, 土壤易氧化有机碳, 土壤碳库管理指数

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil organic carbon pool activity and stability are important indicators that directly reflect soil quality. This study aimed to explore the effects of long-term crop rotation system on soil organic carbon, active organic carbon and soil carbon pool management index, so as to provide the scientific management of soil carbon pool and rational crop layout in black soil areas.【Method】The experiment started in 2016, and 7 treatments were set up: potato continuous cropping (P-P), maize continuous cropping (M-M), soybean continuous cropping (S-S), soybean-maize rotation (S-M), soybean-potato rotation (S-P), maize-maize- potato rotation (M-M-P), and soybean-maize-potato rotation (S-M-P). P-P was used as a control. The characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), readily oxidizable carbon(ROC), inert organic carbon (IOC) and soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) in 0-60 cm soil layer at the harvest stage in 2022 and 2023 were analyzed systematically.【Result】Compared with the P-P treatment, in 2022 and 2023: (1) SOC content under S-M-P and S-M treatment in 0-10 cm soil layer increased significantly by 10.22%-12.49% and 20.67%-36.75%, respectively. The M-M-P treatment of 10-20 cm soil layer significantly increased by 16.65% and 33.76%, respectively. SOC content under S-M-P and M-M-P treatments in 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 28.74%-36.78% and 48.78%-53.67%, respectively. In 2023, the S-M-P in 40-60 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 14.90% (P<0.05). (2) ROC₃₃₃ content in 0-10 cm soil layer under S-M and M-M-P treatment was significantly increased by 20.09%-20.41% and 34.94%-39.69%, respectively. ROC₃₃₃ of all rotation treatments in 10-20 cm soil layer increased significantly by 13.16%-26.32% and 28.98%-52.63%, respectively (P<0.05). (3) ROC₁₆₇ content in S-P, S-M and S-M-P treatments in 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 21.11%-35.46% and 42.33%-44.85%, respectively (P<0.05). (4) ROC_33.3 content in 0-10 cm soil layer under S-M-P treatment was significantly increased by 18.04% and 19.02%, respectively (P<0.05). (5) IOC of S-M-P treatment in 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 13.30% and 14.84%; M-M-P, S-M-P and S-M treatments in 20-40 cm soil layer significantly increased by 20.38%-52.51% and 59.56%-69.54%, respectively (P<0.05). (6) CPMI in 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 24.07%-28.13% and 41.46%-42.57% under S-M and M-M-P treatments, respectively. All rotation treatments in 10-20 cm soil layer were significantly increased by 17.34%-31.49% and 36.97%-61.11%, respectively (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】In conclusion, maize-soybean, soy-maize-potato and maize-maize-potato rotation treatments were beneficial to improve soil carbon pool activity and increase soil carbon stability. Leguminous crop rotation could not only increase the activity of organic carbon pool but also maintain its stability, which was conducive to the stability of soil carbon pool balance in black soil.

Key words: black soil area interlaced with agriculture and animal husbandry, maize, soybean, potato, crop rotation, soil organic carbon, soil readily oxidized organic carbon, soil carbon pool management index

马鹤逍, 葛国龙, 张向前, 路战远, 王满秀, 戎美仁, 师晶晶, 张德健, 孙雪萍. 不同作物轮作系统对土壤易氧化有机碳和碳库活度差异性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(24): 5201-5215.

MA HeXiao, GE GuoLong, ZHANG XiangQian, LU ZhanYuan, WANG ManXiu, RONG MeiRen, SHI JingJing, ZHANG DeJian, SUN XuePing. Effects of Different Crop Rotation Systems on Soil Readily Oxidized Organic Carbon and Carbon Pool Activity Differences[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5201-5215.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.008

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表3

2022—2023年不同作物轮作系统对土壤碳库管理指数的影响"

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2022					2023
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	碳库活度 Activity, A	碳库活度指数 Activity index, AI	碳库指数 C pool index, CPI	碳库管理指数 C management index, CPMI	活性有机碳分配 Active organic carbon partitioning (%)	碳库活度 Activity, A	碳库活度指数 Activity index, AI	碳库指数 C pool index, CPI	碳库管理指数 C management index, CPMI	活性有机碳分配 Active organic carbon partitioning (%)
0-10	P-P(CK)	0.47±0.00bc	1.00±0.00abc	1.00±0.00a	100.00±0.00b	31.90±0.21bc	0.42±0.03c	1.00±0.00a	1.00±0.00c	100.00±0.00c	29.51±1.38c
	M-M	0.41±0.02c	0.87±0.05c	1.17±0.02a	101.49±5.18b	28.90±1.17d	0.48±0.02ab	1.15±0.12a	1.26±0.08ab	143.75±10.57a	32.27±0.71ab
	S-S	0.52±0.03ab	1.11±0.11ab	1.09±0.08a	118.69±2.51a	34.10±1.17ab	0.50±0.02a	1.20±0.06a	1.16±0.05abc	139.71±4.26ab	33.42±0.80a
	S-M	0.52±0.02ab	1.11±0.09ab	1.13±0.07a	124.07±4.96a	34.13±1.04ab	0.43±0.03bc	1.04±0.10a	1.38±0.13a	141.46±5.81ab	30.21±1.31bc
	S-P	0.41±0.01c	0.88±0.05c	1.03±0.04a	89.93±4.55b	29.20±0.42cd	0.48±0.00ab	1.16±0.08a	1.05±0.06bc	120.97±2.18b	32.56±0.20ab
	M-M-P	0.57±0.03a	1.20±0.03a	1.07±0.05a	128.13±3.82a	36.07±1.18a	0.50±0.01a	1.19±0.08a	1.20±0.08abc	142.57±3.03ab	33.23±0.28a
	S-M-P	0.43±0.01c	0.91±0.05bc	1.11±0.08a	100.56±1.05b	30.04±0.36cd	0.49±0.01ab	1.17±0.07a	1.21±0.04abc	141.98±10.91ab	32.83±0.25ab
10-20	P-P(CK)	0.40±0.01a	1.00±0.00a	1.00±0.00a	100.00±0.00c	28.44±0.55a	0.37±0.03b	1.00±0.00a	1.00±0.00d	100.00±0.00b	27.13±1.81b
	M-M	0.28±0.01b	0.70±0.03b	1.14±0.03a	79.37±2.17d	21.66±0.77b	0.38±0.02b	1.03±0.08a	1.31±0.04ab	135.11±13.68a	27.47±1.00b
	S-S	0.38±0.03a	0.97±0.06a	1.01±0.01a	97.99±5.38c	27.75±1.31a	0.46±0.03a	1.25±0.12a	1.16±0.04bc	143.59±8.73a	31.50±1.52a
	S-M	0.46±0.01a	1.17±0.05a	1.13±0.08a	131.49±4.97a	31.67±0.68a	0.48±0.02a	1.29±0.13a	1.17±0.01bc	150.66±14.51a	32.17±0.94a
	S-P	0.45±0.05a	1.13±0.10a	1.05±0.10a	117.34±2.00b	30.90±2.14a	0.44±0.01ab	1.19±0.08a	1.14±0.03cd	136.97±13.63a	30.59±0.67ab
	M-M-P	0.45±0.02a	1.12±0.03a	1.17±0.01a	130.89±3.53ab	30.84±1.09a	0.45±0.02ab	1.21±0.08a	1.34±0.05a	161.11±4.56a	30.90±1.01ab
	S-M-P	0.43±0.05a	1.07±0.09a	1.12±0.04a	118.44±7.32ab	29.72±2.39a	0.42±0.02ab	1.14±0.13a	1.25±0.10abc	141.35±15.51a	29.43±0.76ab
20-40	P-P(CK)	0.49±0.02a	1.00±0.00a	1.00±0.00c	100.00±0.00a	32.70±1.06a	0.49±0.02a	1.00±0.00a	1.00±0.00b	100.00±0.00bc	33.15±0.78a
	M-M	0.26±0.01d	0.54±0.02d	1.23±0.07abc	66.16±4.78c	20.76±0.83d	0.38±0.02bc	0.77±0.02bc	1.48±0.03a	113.32±2.22a	27.56±0.75bc
	S-S	0.27±0.02d	0.57±0.05d	1.18±0.14abc	65.51±3.26c	21.51±1.03d	0.32±0.01d	0.64±0.02d	1.39±0.06a	88.92±2.82d	24.05±0.71d
	S-M	0.39±0.01b	0.80±0.05b	1.13±0.08abc	90.38±1.02b	27.99±0.40b	0.35±0.01cd	0.70±0.01cd	1.44±0.06a	101.36±3.58bc	25.87±0.81cd
	S-P	0.27±0.01d	0.56±0.03d	1.02±0.09bc	56.87±2.46d	21.38±0.51d	0.41±0.01b	0.82±0.04b	1.12±0.01b	91.61±4.17cd	28.77±0.66b
	M-M-P	0.34±0.01c	0.69±0.02c	1.37±0.06a	94.58±0.75ab	25.13±0.70c	0.36±0.00cd	0.72±0.02cd	1.54±0.06a	110.35±1.68ab	26.23±0.11cd
	S-M-P	0.25±0.01d	0.52±0.04d	1.30±0.1ab	67.16±0.48c	20.17±0.39d	0.35±0.01cd	0.72±0.06cd	1.49±0.08a	106.24±4.97ab	26.11±0.77cd
40-60	P-P(CK)	0.27±0.01a	1.00±0.00abc	1.00±0.00a	100.00±0.00ab	21.22±0.86a	0.26±0.02cd	1.00±0.00bc	1.00±0.00a	100.00±0.00de	20.45±0.94c
	M-M	0.29±0.02a	1.16±0.10a	0.95±0.08a	108.33±3.04a	22.19±0.91a	0.28±0.01bc	0.99±0.09bc	1.17±0.06a	114.58±5.75bcd	21.59±0.51bc
	S-S	0.22±0.01bc	0.91±0.09bc	1.05±0.07a	94.73±3.94bc	18.30±0.44bc	0.21±0.02d	0.75±0.09c	1.17±0.04a	87.07±7.30e	17.21±1.18d
	S-M	0.26±0.02ab	1.06±0.12ab	1.07±0.05a	111.82±8.74a	20.56±1.20ab	0.33±0.01b	1.16±0.07b	1.11±0.04a	128.00±2.50bc	24.44±0.80b
	S-P	0.22±0.02bc	0.90±0.02bc	1.02±0.03a	92.08±4.09bc	18.30±1.02bc	0.31±0.03b	1.14±0.16b	1.17±0.08a	130.41±13.13b	23.80±1.66b
	M-M-P	0.20±0.01c	0.82±0.02c	1.10±0.03a	89.54±2.43bc	16.83±0.70c	0.31±0.01bc	1.12±0.06b	0.97±0.03a	108.62±4.79cd	23.83±0.29b
	S-M-P	0.20±0.01c	0.81±0.04c	1.04±0.04a	83.48±0.77c	16.65±0.45c	0.44±0.02a	1.73±0.17a	1.15±0.09a	196.98±4.38a	30.56±1.01a

表3

图7

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土层 Soil depth (cm)	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolysable nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
0-10	7.93	21.95	2.39	0.59	36.71	22.16	193.33
10-20	7.92	22.12	2.38	0.61	37.80	20.34	198.33
20-40	8.05	16.82	2.23	0.56	32.20	13.65	153.33
40-60	8.58	12.66	1.45	0.44	20.81	3.65	103.33

耕作模式 Tillage method		处理代码 Handing code	轮作周期氮磷钾用量 Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consumption during crop rotation (kg·hm^-2)
连作 Continuous cropping	玉米连作 Maize continuous cropping	M-M	N (397.50), P (150), K (150)
	大豆连作 Soybean continuous cropping	S-S	N (87.50), P (143.75), K (68.75)
	马铃薯连作 Potato continuous cropping	P-P	N (275), P (125), K (125)
轮作 Crop rotation	大豆-玉米轮作 Soybean-maize rotation	S-M	N (485), P (293.75), K (218.75)
	大豆-马铃薯轮作 Soybean-potato rotation	S-P	N (362.5), P (268.75), K (193.75)
	玉米-玉米-马铃薯轮作 Maize-maize-potato rotation	M-M-P	N (1070), P (425), K (425)
	大豆-玉米-马铃薯轮作 Soybean-maize-potato rotation	S-M-P	N (760), P (418.75), K (343.75)

不同作物轮作系统对土壤易氧化有机碳和碳库活度差异性的影响

Effects of Different Crop Rotation Systems on Soil Readily Oxidized Organic Carbon and Carbon Pool Activity Differences

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