中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (8): 1494-1507.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命

陈冰嬬¹(), 唐玉劼¹, 张丽霞³, 周宇飞⁴, 于淼¹, 石贵山¹, 王新鼎¹, 李扬¹, 高士杰¹, 陆晓春³, 王鼐¹(), 刁现民²()

¹ 吉林省农业科学院（中国农业科技东北创新中心），长春 130033
² 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081
³ 辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所，沈阳 110161
⁴ 沈阳农业大学农学院，沈阳 110866

收稿日期:2024-09-11 接受日期:2024-10-17 出版日期:2025-04-16 发布日期:2025-04-21
通信作者:
王鼐，E-mail：wang-nai@163.com。
刁现民，E-mail：diaoxianmin@caas.cn
联系方式: 陈冰嬬，E-mail：chenbingru1979@163.com。
基金资助:
吉林省科技发展计划(20210202116NC); 农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06)

The Green Revolution of Chinese Grain Hybrid Sorghum

CHEN BingRu¹(), TANG YuJie¹, ZHANG LiXia³, ZHOU YuFei⁴, YU Miao¹, SHI GuiShan¹, WANG XinDing¹, LI Yang¹, GAO ShiJie¹, LU XiaoChun³, WANG Nai¹(), DIAO XianMin²()

¹ Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun 130033
² Institute of Crop Science, Chinses Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
³ Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
⁴ College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866

Received:2024-09-11 Accepted:2024-10-17 Published:2025-04-16 Online:2025-04-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高粱是全球干旱半干旱地区的重要粮食作物，对干旱半干旱地区的粮食安全、边际土地利用和膳食结构调整等具有重要意义。我国自1958年第一代粒用杂交高粱问世至今，为适应机械化收获、降低人工成本，培育的粒用杂交高粱株高经历了高秆、中秆、中矮秆及矮秆的变化过程，在近20年完成了中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命。本文总结了中国粒用高粱矮化育种发起的原因、历程与现状，展示出我国近60年高粱品种株高不断降低与产量不断提升的变化趋势。汇总了我国粒用高粱绿色革命过程中所创制的重要种质，通过亲缘关系分析得知我国恢复系矮源来自中国地方品种三尺三，不育系因利用国外种质Tx3197A、Tx3197B较多，其矮源可追溯至Tx3197B。综述了在高粱绿色革命中发挥重要作用的高粱矮化基因dw1、dw2和dw3的克隆、变异位点、矮化机理，以及前人在发掘新的株高QTL方面作出的贡献。高粱矮化机理不同于水稻、小麦的赤霉素（GA）调控系统。dw1通过调控油菜素内酯系统（BR）缩短节间的长度从而降低株高，dw2和dw3分别编码KIPK蛋白激酶和生长素外排转运蛋白（ABCB1），调节生长素（IAA）的运输，从而缩短节间的长度进而降低株高。dw1、dw2和dw3矮化基因在降低株高的同时对成熟期、穗长、穗粒重、叶面积等其他性状产生多效影响。利用分子标记和测序技术分析dw1、dw2和dw3矮化基因在骨干不育系、恢复系中的分布和应用情况，发现我国高粱恢复系中应用较多的矮化基因只有dw3，dw1、dw2与dw3所形成的dw1dw3、dw2dw3组合在不育系中应用较多。探讨了我国高粱绿色革命存在的问题及解决途径，期望为进一步提升中国粒用杂交高粱绿色革命进程，培育产量和抗逆性有重大突破的新种质、新品种提供指导。

关键词: 高粱, 株高, 矮秆, 矮化种质, 矮化基因/QTL

Abstract:

Sorghum is the main food crop in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, which is of great significance to food security, marginal land use and dietary structure in arid and semi-arid regions. Since the first generation of grain hybrid sorghum was introduced in China in 1958, in order to adapt to mechanized harvesting and reduce labor costs, the plant height of cultivated hybrid sorghum has experienced the change process of high stalk, middle stalk, middle dwarf and dwarf. the green revolution of Chinese grain hybrid sorghum has been completed in the past two decades. This paper summarizes the reasons, history and current situation of grain sorghum dwarfing breeding in China. It shows the trend of decreasing plant height and increasing yield of sorghum varieties in China in the past 60 years. The important germplasms created in the process of green revolution of grain sorghum in China were listed. Through the analysis of genetic relationship, it was found that the dwarf source of restorer line in China came from Chinese local variety Sanchisan, and the dwarf source was traced back to Tx3197B due to the utilization of foreign germplasm Tx3197 A, Tx3197 B. The cloning, variation sites, dwarfing mechanism of sorghum dwarf genes dw1, dw2 and dw3, which play an important role in the green revolution of sorghum, and the contributions of predecessors in exploring new plant height QTLs were reviewed. The dwarfing mechanism of sorghum was different from that of gibberellin regulation system (GA) in rice and wheat. dw1 reduced plant height by regulating the brassinosteroid system (BR) to shorten the length of internodes. dw2 and dw3 encode KIPK protein kinase and auxin efflux transporter (ABCB1), respectively, which regulate the transport of auxin (IAA) to shorten the length of internodes and reduce plant height. The dwarfing genes of dw1, dw2 and dw3 had multiple effects on maturity, spike length, spike grain weight, leaf area while reducing plant height. The distribution and application of dw1, dw2 and dw3 dwarf genes in backbone sterile lines and restorer lines were analyzed by molecular markers and sequencing techniques. It was found that the dwarf genes used more in sorghum restorer lines in China were only dw3, and the combination of dw1dw3 and dw2dw3 formed by dw1, dw2 and dw3 was more widely used in sterile lines. The problems and solutions of sorghum green revolution in China were discussed. It is expected to provide guidance for further improving the process of sorghum green revolution in China and cultivating new germplasm and new varieties with major breakthroughs in yield and stress resistance.

Key words: sorghum, plant height, dwarfism, dwarf germplasm, dwarf genes/QTLs

陈冰嬬, 唐玉劼, 张丽霞, 周宇飞, 于淼, 石贵山, 王新鼎, 李扬, 高士杰, 陆晓春, 王鼐, 刁现民. 中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(8): 1494-1507.

CHEN BingRu, TANG YuJie, ZHANG LiXia, ZHOU YuFei, YU Miao, SHI GuiShan, WANG XinDing, LI Yang, GAO ShiJie, LU XiaoChun, WANG Nai, DIAO XianMin. The Green Revolution of Chinese Grain Hybrid Sorghum[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1494-1507.

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图/表 6

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表1

春播早熟区高粱骨干亲本的株高基因型"

序号 Number	种质名称 Germplasm name	种质类型 Germplasm type	株高基因 Plant height genes	株高 Plant height (cm)
1	吉2731B Ji2731B	保持系B-Line	Dw1Dw2Dw3dw4	212.23
2	314B	保持系B-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	97.12
3	吉5535B Ji5535B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2Dw3dw4	85.70
4	SX44B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2Dw3dw4	120.40
5	吉2055B Ji2055B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	86.96
6	吉5575B Ji5575B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	91.97
7	A₂V4B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	130.28
8	吉303B Ji303B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	87.00
9	吉1230B Ji1230B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	80.00
10	MS22B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	68.53
11	吉5522B Ji5522B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	84.89
12	吉245B Ji245B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	99.66
13	吉115B Ji115B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	82.74
14	吉59B Ji59B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	87.46
15	吉2316B Ji2316B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	89.60
16	吉Y324B JiY324B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	106.16
17	B35	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	133.83
18	Tx623B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	129.99
19	QL33B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	93.63
20	冀64B Ji64B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	85.00
21	352B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	114.29
22	TAM428B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	107.22
23	L407B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	111.67
24	吉2059B Ji2059B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	65.00
25	吉R209 JiR209	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	87.68
26	南133 Nan133	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	134.56
27	10125	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	128.15
28	吉R 2483 JiR2483	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	128.66
29	吉R117 JiR117	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	136.33
30	吉R4334 JiR4334	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	140.65
31	吉R4392 JiR4392	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	158.00
32	吉R127 JiR127	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2Dw3dw4	124.45
33	吉R06H419 JiR06H419	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	126.38
34	吉RK1781 JiRK1781	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	96.93
35	吉R8036 JiR8036	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	133.02
36	吉R107 JiR107	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	135.59
37	T180	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	162.67
38	02001	恢复系R-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	85.24
39	k1414	恢复系R-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	90.00
40	南40 Nan40	恢复系R-Line	dw1dw2Dw3dw4	88.12

表1

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中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命

The Green Revolution of Chinese Grain Hybrid Sorghum

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