蚜虫危害与玉米果穗镰孢菌组成及毒素污染关系分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.006

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (16): 3171-3181.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.006

蚜虫危害与玉米果穗镰孢菌组成及毒素污染关系分析

柴海燕¹^,²(), 潘艺元¹^,², 白雪¹, 孟玲敏¹, 张伟¹, 吴宏斌¹, 王义生¹, 高月波¹, 贾娇¹(), 苏前富¹()

¹ 吉林省农业科学院（中国农业科技东北创新中心）植物保护研究所/农业农村部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，长春 130033
² 吉林农业大学植物保护学院，长春 130022

收稿日期:2024-03-18 接受日期:2024-06-05 出版日期:2024-08-16 发布日期:2024-08-27
通信作者:
贾娇，E-mail：jiajiao821@163.com。
苏前富，E-mail：qianfusu@126.com
联系方式: 柴海燕，E-mail：3222181805@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301703); 吉林省重大科技专项(20230302003NC)

Analysis of the Relationship Between Aphid-Damage and Fusarium Composition, Mycotoxin Pollution on Maize Ears

CHAI HaiYan¹^,²(), PAN YiYuan¹^,², BAI Xue¹, MENG LingMin¹, ZHANG Wei¹, WU HongBin¹, WANG YiSheng¹, GAO YueBo¹, JIA Jiao¹(), SU QianFu¹()

¹ Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China)/Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033
² College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130022

Received:2024-03-18 Accepted:2024-06-05 Published:2024-08-16 Online:2024-08-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确玉米蚜虫危害与玉米穗腐病发生及籽粒中真菌毒素污染水平的关系，为建立完善的玉米穗腐病综合防治体系及探寻主要镰孢菌毒素的有效控制技术提供参考。【方法】通过组织分离和分子生物学方法对2021年在吉林省46个市（县）采集的105份蚜虫危害的玉米果穗上的蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒进行病原菌的分离鉴定，统计蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒分离获得镰孢菌的种类和数量，分别计算不同镰孢菌在每种样品上的分离频率，以及不同样品组合分离相同镰孢菌数量在蚜虫危害样品中的占比，分析病原菌在吉林省不同区域的分布情况及蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒携带镰孢菌种类的相关性；利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）检测无蚜虫危害籽粒和蚜虫危害籽粒中镰孢菌毒素的种类和含量，统计伏马毒素（fumonisin，FB）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol，DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone，ZEA）超标样品的检出率，分析蚜虫危害对病原菌在籽粒中分泌毒素的影响。【结果】对105个蚜虫危害果穗进行镰孢菌检测，发现蚜虫带菌率为57.14%，苞叶和籽粒带菌率分别为81.90%和82.86%。经过单孢分离纯化共获得1 394株镰孢菌，共16个致病镰孢种，其中在蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒上分离到镰孢种数量分别为8、13和12个。蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒上分离到的优势镰孢均为拟轮枝镰孢（Fusarium verticillioides）和层出镰孢（F. proliferatum）。新知镰孢（F. andiyazi）、变红镰孢（F. incarnatum）和温带镰孢（F. temperatum）在吉林省玉米籽粒上首次检出。蚜虫危害玉米果穗的毒素检出率均高于无蚜虫危害玉米果穗，出现毒素含量超标的玉米样品均为有蚜虫聚集危害的果穗。在检出毒素的果穗上绝大多数能检测到产生相应毒素的菌株。【结论】蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒上分离到的优势镰孢菌均为拟轮枝镰孢和层出镰孢；同一果穗上蚜虫、苞叶和籽粒分离到的主要镰孢菌种类一致；蚜虫危害显著增加了玉米籽粒毒素的积累，且毒素类型与检出镰孢菌种类高度相关。

关键词: 玉米穗腐病, 镰孢菌, 玉米蚜虫, 真菌毒素

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the relationship between maize aphids damage and the occurrence of maize ear rot and the level of mycotoxin pollution in maize kernels, and to provide a reference for establishing a comprehensive control system of maize ear rot and exploring the effective control technology of main Fusarium toxins.【Method】The 105 aphid-damaged maize ears were collected from 46 cities and counties in Jilin Province in 2021. Pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified using tissue isolation and molecular biology methods for aphids, bracts and kernels. The isolation frequency of different Fusarium species on each sample and the proportion of the same Fusarium number isolated from different sample combinations in aphid-infested samples were calculated. The distribution of pathogens in different regions of Jilin Province and the correlation between the species of Fusarium carried by aphids, bracts and kernels were analyzed. Additionally, ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to determine the presence of Fusarium toxin species and content of maize kernels with and without aphid infestation. The detection rate of fumonisin (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in samples exceeding the standard was calculated, and the effect of aphid damage on the toxin secretion of Fusarium in kernels was analyzed.【Result】Aphids, bracts and kernels from 105 ears were tested for the Fusarium, the infection rate of aphids was 57.14%, and that of bracts and kernels was 81.90% and 82.86%, respectively. A total of 1 394 Fusarium strains, including 16 pathogenic Fusarium species, were obtained through single spore isolation and purification. Among them, 8, 13 and 12 Fusarium species were isolated from aphids, bracts and kernels, respectively. The dominant Fusarium species on aphids, bracts and kernels were F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. Three species including F. andiyazi, F. incarnatum and F. temperatum were detected for the first time on maize kernels in Jilin Province. The results of mycotoxin analysis revealed a higher incidence of positive mycotoxin contamination in aphid-damaged maize ears compared to aphid-undamaged ones. All maize samples exhibiting excessive mycotoxin content were damaged by aphids. The identification of corresponding mycotoxin-producing strains was possible in the majority of cases where mycotoxins were detected in aphid-damaged maize ears.【Conclusion】F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the dominant Fusarium species isolated from aphids, bracts and kernels. The main Fusarium species isolated from aphids, bracts and kernels on the same maize ear were the same. Aphid damage significantly increased toxin accumulation levels in maize kernels, and the type of toxin was highly correlated with the detection of Fusarium species.

Key words: maize ear rot, Fusarium, maize aphid, mycotoxin

柴海燕, 潘艺元, 白雪, 孟玲敏, 张伟, 吴宏斌, 王义生, 高月波, 贾娇, 苏前富. 蚜虫危害与玉米果穗镰孢菌组成及毒素污染关系分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(16): 3171-3181.

CHAI HaiYan, PAN YiYuan, BAI Xue, MENG LingMin, ZHANG Wei, WU HongBin, WANG YiSheng, GAO YueBo, JIA Jiao, SU QianFu. Analysis of the Relationship Between Aphid-Damage and Fusarium Composition, Mycotoxin Pollution on Maize Ears[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(16): 3171-3181.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.006

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蚜虫危害的玉米果穗中致病镰孢菌与毒素种类的相关性"

检测点 Monitoring point	FB (μg·kg^-1)	DON (μg·kg^-1)	ZEA (μg·kg^-1)	镰孢菌（蚜虫） Fusarium (aphid)	镰孢菌（苞叶） Fusarium (bract)	镰孢菌（籽粒）Fusarium (kernel)
大安市安广镇Anguang Town, Daan City	ND	94	ND	ND	F. g, F. v	F. v
大安市两家子镇Liangjiazi Town, Daan City	ND	108	34	F. s, F. v	F. s, F. p	F. p
洮南市郊Suburb of Taonan City	165	ND	ND	F. v	F. p	F. p
镇赉县镇赉镇Zhenlai Town, Zhenlai County	ND	290	31	F. g, F. p, F. an	F. s, F. c	F. s
镇赉县建平乡Jianping Township, Zhenlai County	ND	1486	155	F. s, F. p, F. g	F. s, F. c, F. as	F. s
永吉县北大湖镇Beidahu Town, Yongji County	383	ND	ND	ND	ND	F. v
东辽县白泉镇Baiquan Town, Dongliao County	4141	225	ND	F. p	F. s, F. p, F. v, F. c	F. v, F. p
东丰县小四平镇Xiaosiping Town, Dongfeng County	117	ND	ND	ND	ND	F. v
梨树县万发镇Wanfa Town, Lishu County	1784	ND	29	F. v	F. v, F. s	F. v
双辽市王奔镇Wangben Town, Shuangliao City	ND	2496	ND	F. v	F. c, F. p	F. v
伊通县伊丹镇Yidan Town, Yitong County	ND	2542	ND	F. v	F. v, F. ip	F. v
前郭县吉拉吐乡Jilatu Township, Qianguo County	ND	1600	518	F. v	F. v	F. v, F. p
乾安县余字乡Yuzi Township, Qian’an County	ND	5115	99	F. p	F. g, F. p	F. b
乾安县乾安镇Qian’an Town, Qian’an County	ND	2378	1661	ND	F. v	F. b, F. an
辉南县朝阳镇Chaoyang Town, Huinan County	ND	162	ND	F. p	F. c, F. v, F. o	F. v
集安市青石镇Qingshi Town, Ji’an City	220	1095	29	F. t	F. f	F. p
梅河口市Meihekou City	ND	218	ND	F. p	F. g, F. ac	F. v
安图县明月镇Mingyue Town, Antu County	ND	ND	53	ND	F. t	F. p
和龙市东城镇Dongcheng Town, Helong City	134	ND	ND	ND	F. p	F. p, F. in, F. c
龙井市老头沟镇Laotougou Town, Longjing City	773	ND	ND	ND	F. in, F. v	ND
图们市凉水镇Liangshui Town, Tumen City	4800	ND	ND	ND	F. p	F. p
公主岭市范家屯镇Fanjiatun Town, Gongzhuling City	ND	179	ND	F. v	F. p, F. c, F. e, F. v	F. v
九台区卡伦镇Kalun Town, Jiutai District	ND	128	ND	F. v	F. p, F. c, F. v	F. v
双阳区鹿乡镇Luxiang Town, Shuangyang District	110	ND	ND	F. p, F. av	F. p, F. c, F. e, F. f	F. s

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区域 Area	样品数量 Sample number	蚜虫Aphid		苞叶Bract		籽粒Kernel
区域 Area	样品数量 Sample number	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)
东部East	42	13	30.95	31	73.81	29	69.05
中部Centre	48	36	75.00	41	85.42	44	91.67
西部West	15	11	73.33	14	93.33	14	93.33
合计Total	105	60	57.14	86	81.90	87	82.86

样品 Sample	1种One species		2种Two species		3种Three species		4种Four species		6种Six species
样品 Sample	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	比例 Proportion (%)	数量 Number	占比 Proportion (%)
蚜虫Aphid	45	42.86	12	11.43	3	2.86	0	0	0	0
苞叶Bract	43	40.95	34	32.38	5	4.76	4	3.81	1	0.95
籽粒Kernel	73	69.52	11	10.48	3	2.86	0	0	0	0

镰孢菌 Fusarium	蚜虫Aphid		苞叶Bract		籽粒Kernel
镰孢菌 Fusarium	株数 Number of strains	分离频率Separation frequency (%)	株数 Number of strains	分离频率 Separation frequency (%)	株数 Number of strains	分离频率 Separation frequency (%)
拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillioides	231	47.63	139	35.37	285	55.23
层出镰孢F. proliferatum	134	27.63	132	33.59	127	24.61
亚黏团镰孢F. subglutinans	42	8.66	21	5.34	44	8.53
禾谷镰孢F. graminearum	32	6.60	5	1.27	8	1.55
温带镰孢F. temperatum	18	3.71	11	2.80	6	1.16
变红镰孢F. incarnatum	13	2.68	3	0.76	4	0.78
新知镰孢F. andiyazi	9	1.86	0	0	12	2.33
燕麦镰孢F. avenaceum	6	1.24	0	0	0	0
布氏镰孢F. boothii	0	0	0	0	5	0.97
厚垣镰孢F. chlamydosporum	0	0	40	10.18	6	1.16
木贼镰孢F. equiseti	0	0	15	3.82	4	0.78
藤仓镰孢F. fujikuroi	0	0	14	3.56	13	2.52
亚洲镰孢F. asiaticum	0	0	1	0.25	2	0.39
尖孢镰孢F. oxysporum	0	0	3	0.76	0	0
锐顶镰孢F. acuminatum	0	0	3	0.76	0	0
F. ipomoeae	0	0	6	1.53	0	0
合计Total	485		393		516

真菌毒素Mycotoxin	HM (n=94)				DAM (n=103)
真菌毒素Mycotoxin	检出率 Detection rate (%)	阳性均值 Positive mean (μg·kg^-1)	总体均值 Overall mean (μg·kg^-1)	阳性范围 Positive range (μg·kg^-1)	检出率 Detection rate (%)	阳性均值 Positive mean (μg·kg^-1)	总体均值 Overall mean (μg·kg^-1)	阳性范围 Positive range (μg·kg^-1)
FB₁	11.70	369.15	43.20	132.10-1481.00	11.65	795.74	91.82	64.58-3626.00
FB₂	4.26	84.34	3.59	47.33-123.80	5.83	407.31	23.73	14.09-1094.00
FB₃	2.13	91.26	1.94	62.02-120.50	3.88	203.88	7.92	103.30-393.80
DON	7.45	255.94	19.06	135.80-590.80	14.56	1207.76	175.89	93.62-5115.00
ZEA	4.26	26.81	0.29	25.10-29.41	8.74	289.90	25.33	29.18-1661.00

蚜虫危害与玉米果穗镰孢菌组成及毒素污染关系分析

Analysis of the Relationship Between Aphid-Damage and Fusarium Composition, Mycotoxin Pollution on Maize Ears

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市（县）City (county)	检测点Monitoring point	FB (μg·kg^-1)	DON (μg·kg^-1)	ZEA (μg·kg^-1)
东辽Dongliao	白泉镇Baiquan Town	4141	-	-
图们Tumen	凉水镇Liangshui Town	4800	-	-
集安Ji’an	青石镇Qingshi Town	-	1095	-
双辽Shuangliao	王奔镇Wangben Town	-	2496	-
伊通Yitong	伊丹镇Yidan Town	-	2542	-
镇赉Zhenlai	建平乡Jinaping Township	-	1486	155
乾安Qian’an	乾安镇Qian’an Town	-	2378	1661
前郭Qianguo	吉拉吐乡Jilatu Township	-	1600	518
乾安Qian’an	余字乡Yuzi Township	-	5115	99

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