中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (18): 3970-3983.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.18.015
收稿日期:
2020-11-12
接受日期:
2020-12-29
出版日期:
2021-09-16
发布日期:
2021-09-26
联系方式:
古明辉,E-mail: 15237470830@163.com。
基金资助:
GU MingHui(),YANG ZeSha,MA Ping,GE XinYu,LIU YongFeng(
)
Received:
2020-11-12
Accepted:
2020-12-29
Published:
2021-09-16
Online:
2021-09-26
摘要:
【目的】探索不同功率超声辅助解冻在减少羊肉多次冻融过程中品质损失的有利作用,为实际生产提供理论参考。【方法】以陕北白绒山羊的背最长肌作为试验材料,以常用冷藏解冻(LT)和静水解冻(WT)为对照,在180 W(UT180)、320 W(UT320)和400 W(UT400)超声辅助下,分析冻融羊肉理化特性(pH、汁液流失、物性、色泽、脂肪氧化)的变化,同时结合羊肉微观结构和氨基酸变化分析冻融过程中由肌纤维破坏造成的蛋白损失。【结果】超声组比对照组增加羊肉汁液流失并降低pH,但UT180组处理能减缓羊肉汁液流失(P<0.05)。关于色泽,超声组的羊肉L*值低于对照组,尤其是UT320组的L*值最低(P<0.05),而其在3—7次冻融时a*值最高,同时UT320组的b*值增加速率最低,在冻融期间其b*值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);LT组和UT180组的h°值最高(P<0.05),UT320组的h°值最低(P<0.05);此外,超声辅助解冻能显著影响冻融羊肉色泽,UT320组的ΔE值最高(P<0.05),其次是UT180和UT400组。物性显示,超声组降低羊肉硬度和弹性,尤其是UT400组在冻融期间硬度及弹性最低(P<0.05);相比对照组,UT320和UT180组超声处理有利于羊肉回复性的稳定,且这两组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。脂肪氧化显示,UT320和UT180组在冻融7次时羊肉TBARS值均低于对照组,且在冻融期间UT320和UT180组的PUFA含量高于LT对照组(P<0.05)。羊肉理化特性指标主成分分析显示,相同冻融次数的UT320组主成分均分布在最上方,而LT组分布在最下方。此外,相比对照组,UT320组超声处理有利于维持羊肉肌纤维结构的完整性,同时对羊肉样品氨基酸指标进行聚类分析,初始样品和冻融3次的超声辅助解冻处理组为第1类,氨基酸营养品质最高,且其中初始样品与UT320组更接近;相比羊肉冻融3次,冻融7次的UT320和UT180组羊肉必需氨基酸组成和比例基本保持稳定。【结论】羊肉在320 W功率的超声辅助解冻处理具有优异的理化品质保持能力,其能减缓肉品脂肪氧化、提高嫩度,并维持肉色泽和回复性的稳定,同时320 W超声波解冻有利于维持羊肉肌纤维结构的完整性,可以减少羊肉蛋白损失以保持羊肉氨基酸品质。
古明辉,杨泽莎,马萍,葛鑫禹,刘永峰. 超声波辅助在羊肉多次冻融中保持理化特性及减少蛋白损失的作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(18): 3970-3983.
GU MingHui,YANG ZeSha,MA Ping,GE XinYu,LIU YongFeng. Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Thawing in the Role of Maintaining Physicochemical Properties and Reducing Protein Loss in Mutton During Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(18): 3970-3983.
表1
多次冻融羊肉色泽的测定结果"
肉色 Meat color | 处理 Treatment | 未冻融 Unfrozen treatment | 冻融1次 Freeze-thaw 1 time | 冻融3次 Freeze-thaw 3 times | 冻融5次 Freeze-thaw 5 times | 冻融7次 Freeze-thaw 5 times |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L*值 L* value | LT | 40.10±0.48a | 36.52±0.52a | 35.54±0.63a | 35.26±0.33a | 34.55±0.63a |
WT | 40.10±0.48a | 36.48±0.63a | 35.05±0.59ab | 34.58±0.54ab | 33.01±0.80bc | |
UT400 | 40.10±0.48a | 35.33±0.20b | 34.54±0.38b | 34.18±0.64b | 33.63±0.45ab | |
UT320 | 40.10±0.48a | 34.33±0.03c | 33.33±0.42c | 33.24±0.66c | 32.33±0.28c | |
UT180 | 40.10±0.48a | 35.42±0.39b | 34.78±0.40ab | 34.20±0.52b | 34.14±0.37a | |
a*值 a* value | LT | 9.63±0.29a | 8.44±0.14bc | 8.16±0.17ab | 7.68±0.23ab | 7.45±0.22ab |
WT | 9.63±0.29a | 9.10±0.13a | 8.35±0.24a | 7.87±0.10ab | 7.72±0.26a | |
UT400 | 9.63±0.29a | 8.54±0.27bc | 8.45±0.05a | 7.68±0.33ab | 7.43±0.15ab | |
UT320 | 9.63±0.29a | 8.77±0.16ab | 8.22±0.23a | 8.00±0.13a | 7.82±0.23a | |
UT180 | 9.63±0.29a | 8.22±0.24c | 7.77±0.51b | 7.43±0.21b | 7.20±0.21b | |
b*值 b* value | LT | 9.30±0.28a | 10.42±0.40a | 10.80±0.28a | 10.97±0.25a | 12.11±0.27a |
WT | 9.30±0.28a | 9.25±0.16cd | 10.11±0.36b | 10.81±0.30a | 11.84±0.23a | |
UT400 | 9.30±0.28a | 9.99±0.21ab | 10.15±0.14b | 10.78±0.38a | 11.32±0.48b | |
UT320 | 9.30±0.28a | 8.95±0.21d | 9.39±0.14c | 9.90±0.36b | 10.22±0.23c | |
UT180 | 9.30±0.28a | 9.61±0.18bc | 10.32±0.09ab | 10.60±0.32ab | 11.67±0.46ab | |
h°值 h° value | LT | 44.21±0.01a | 50.97±0.48a | 52.91±0.09a | 55.00±0.14a | 58.38±0.16a |
WT | 44.21±0.01a | 45.47±0.07c | 50.42±0.14b | 53.93±0.33b | 56.89±0.30b | |
UT400 | 44.21±0.01a | 49.49±0.25b | 50.19±0.18b | 54.51±0.16ab | 56.71±0.45b | |
UT320 | 44.21±0.01a | 45.57±0.12c | 48.81±0.28c | 51.04±0.44c | 52.57±0.14c | |
UT180 | 44.21±0.01a | 49.44±0.26b | 53.04±0.13a | 54.95±0.04a | 58.30±0.19a | |
ΔE值 ΔE value | LT | 0 | 3.93±0.32c | 5.01±0.44b | 5.46±0.24b | 6.57±0.40c |
WT | 0 | 3.64±0.52c | 5.26±0.46b | 5.97±0.37b | 7.76±0.58ab | |
UT400 | 0 | 4.93±0.18b | 5.73±0.29b | 6.40±0.49ab | 7.12±0.26bc | |
UT320 | 0 | 5.83±0.05a | 6.90±0.37a | 7.06±0.52a | 8.01±0.24a | |
UT180 | 0 | 4.87±0.35b | 5.71±0.42b | 6.41±0.39ab | 6.84±0.19c |
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