复方天然植物制剂对奶牛回乳效果及调控激素的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.18.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究复方天然植物制剂对奶牛回乳效果及回乳期奶牛血清胰岛素（INS）、氢化可的松（HC）、生长激素（GH）和胰岛素生长因子1（IGF-1）含量的影响。【方法】试验于2016年1—6月进行，选择四川省某规模化奶牛场半封闭统一舍饲，体重（582±41）kg、第2—4胎中国荷斯坦奶牛150头。从中选取体况良好，健康，乳房、乳汁均正常，即将进入回乳期，产奶量为（15.42±0.71）kg的妊娠后期即将干乳的健康奶牛80头。随机分为A、B、C、D组，每组20头，均采用逐渐干奶法回乳，回乳开始当天记为第0天，A组为对照组，不饲喂复方天然植物制剂。B、C、D组均从回乳开始第1天，每日上午8:00分别饲喂复方天然植物制剂400、500、600g，回乳完成后停止饲喂复方天然植物制剂。复方天然植物制剂由麦芽，朴硝，升麻，柴胡，香附，薏仁，蚕蜕，白术，黄芩，知母，苏梗，芡实，五味子，蒲公英，甘草等按一定比例组成。分别采集奶牛回乳期第0、1、3、5、7、9和11天尾静脉血，置于未加抗凝剂的离心管中，室温下静置1h，置离心机352×g离心10min，转移上层血清于EP管中，-20℃冻存。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附技术（ELISA）法检测血清INS、HC、GH和IGF-1含量，并记录回乳期奶牛单日产奶量。【结果】A、B、C、D 4组奶牛回乳时间分别为11、7、5、5天。各组回乳期奶牛血清IGF-1和HC含量均呈下降趋势，且对照组下降趋势较各复方天然植物制剂组慢，复方天然植物制剂组血清IGF-1、HC和GH含量在回乳期后回升，对照组血清INS含量上升趋势较各复方天然植物制剂组慢，第0至1天，各组奶牛血清HC、IGF-1和GH含量差异均不显著（P＞0.05）；第3—7天，A组奶牛血清HC、GH和IGF-1含量极显著高于B、C、D组（P＜0.01），而血清INS含量极显著低于B、C、D组（P＜0.01）；第9天，A、D组奶牛血清HC含量均显著高于C组（P＜0.05），A、B组奶牛血清GH和IGF-1含量均极显著低于C、D组（P＜0.01），A组奶牛血清INS含量极显著低于B、C、D组（P＜0.01）；第11天，A组奶牛血清HC、GH和IGF-1含量极显著低于B、C、D组（P＜0.01），A组奶牛血清INS显著低于D组（P＜0.05），但极显著低于B、C组（P＜0.01）； C、D组奶牛血清IGF-1、GH、HC和INS含量在整个回乳期均差异性不显著（P＞0.05）。在奶牛回乳期，产奶量、HC、GH和IGF-1两两间均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），INS与产奶量、HC、GH和IGF-1均呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。【结论】复方天然植物制剂能显著促进回乳期奶牛回乳，饲喂500g/日复方天然植物制剂，奶牛回乳时间为5d，回乳效果即可达到最佳。回乳期奶牛血清INS、HC、IGF-1含量和产奶量变化两两间均呈极显著相关，IGF-1、GH和HC对奶牛回乳起负向调控功能，而INS对奶牛回乳起正调控作用。

关键词: 奶牛, 回乳, 复方天然植物制剂, 泌乳激素
, 奶牛, 回乳, 复方天然植物制剂, 泌乳激素

Abstract: 【Objective】the objective of this study is to explore the impact of compound natural plant preparation on the milk withdrawal and serum insulin(INS), hydrocortisone(HC), growth hormone(GH) and insulin growth factor 1(TGF-1) levels in dairy cows.【Method】A total of 150 Chinese Holstein cows, weighing (582±41) kg, pregnant with 2-4 fetuses, and fed in a large-scale dairy farm in Sichuan Province from January 2016 to June 2016, were used in the present study. Eighty healthy cows with normal milk and udder that in late pregnancy and gave (15.42±0.71) kg milk per day were chosen. The cows were randomly divided into four groups: groups A, B, C and D, with 20 of them in each group. Stop dairy cows’ milk by gradually dry milk method and the day when cows gave less milk was recorded as 0 d. Group A was a control group, did not feed compound natural plant preparation and the groups B, C and D were fed 400g, 500g, 600g compound natural plant preparation, respectively, at 8.00 am from 1 d to the day of dry milk completely. Compound natural plant preparation comprises fructus hordei germinatus, mirabilite, rhizoma cimicifugae, bupleurum, rhizoma cyperi, coix seed, silkworm slough, rhizome atratylodis, scutellaria baicalensis, rhizome anemarrhenae, caulis perllae, semen euryales, schisandra chinensis, dandelion, licorice and so on. The cows’ venous blood was collected from tail on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11, the samples were placed in the centrifuge tubes without anticoagulant at room temperature for 1h. The suspension was centrifuged at 352 × g for 10 min and then put into the refrigerator at -20℃. ELISA was used to evaluate the expression levels of serum INS, HC and IGF-I and the daily milk production was recorded.【Result】Groups A, B, C and D returned milk on the 11 d, 7 d, 5 d and 5 d respectively. The expression levels of serum IGF-1 and HC were declining in all 4 groups and the decline trend of the control group was slower than compound natural plant preparation groups. The expression levels of serum IGF-1, HC and GH were raised after the period of milk withdrawal, the upward trend of the expression levels of serum INS in the control group was slower than compound natural plant preparation groups. From the day 0 to the 1, the expression levels of serum HC, IGF-1 and GH had no significant difference (P＞0.05). From the day 3 to the day7, the expression levels of serum HC, GH and IGF-1 in group A were highly and significantly higher than those of groups B, C and D (P＜0.01), while the expression level of INS in group A was highly significant loser than those of groups B, C and D (P＜0.01). On the day 9, the expression levels of serum HC in groups A and D were significantly higher than that of group C (P＜0.05), the expression levels of serum GH and IGF-1 in groups A and B were highly and significantly lower than those of groups C and D (P＜0.01), the expression levels of serum INS in group A was highly and significantly lower than that of groups B, C and D (P＜0.01). On the day 11, the expression levels of serum HC, GH and IGF-1 in group A were highly significantly lower than those of groups B, C and D (P＜0.01), the expression levels of serum INS in group A was highly significant lower than that of groups B and C (P＜0.01) and significantly lower than that of group D (P＜0.05). The expression levels of serum IGF-1, GH, HC and INS had no significant difference between group C and D during the period of milk withdrawal (P＞0.05). During the period of milk withdrawal, there were significant positive correlations among milk production, HC, GH and IGF-1 (P＜0.01) and there was a significant negative correlation between INS and milk production, HC, GH, IGF-1 (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】 Compound natural plant preparation can help cows milk withdrawal significantly, feeding 500g·d^-1 can shorten the period of milk withdrawal to 5 days can make the best effect on milk withdrawal. The expression levels of serum INS, HC, IGF-1 and milk production had a highly significant correlation. IGF-1 GH and HC are negative regulation factors of milk withdrawal, while INS is a positive regulation factor.

Key words: dairy cow, milk withdrawal, compound natural plant preparation, galactin, dairy cow, milk withdrawal, compound natural plant preparation, galactin

沈留红，肖劲邦，巫晓峰，姜思汛，江涛，邓俊良，左之才，余树民，曹随忠 . 复方天然植物制剂对奶牛回乳效果及调控激素的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(18): 3620-3630.

SHEN LiuHong, XIAO JinBang, WU XiaoFeng, JIANG SiXun, JIANG Tao, DENG JunLiang, ZUO ZhiCai, YU ShuMin, CAO SuiZhong . Effects of Compound Natural Plant Preparation on Milk Withdrawal and Galactin in Dairy Cows[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(18): 3620-3630.

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