重庆麦区小麦品种（系）抗条锈性评价与基因分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】重庆是中国小麦条锈病流行体系中重要冬繁区，准确评价该地区小麦品种（系）对当前小麦条锈病流行小种的抗性和了解抗条锈基因在该区的分布状况，为小麦安全生产、品种合理布局及小麦抗条锈育种工作提供依据。【方法】从该区征集了18份当地主栽品种和89份高代品系材料，应用中国小麦条锈菌流行生理小种条中32（CYR32）、条中33（CYR33）、V26/G22-9和V26/CM42，在杨凌进行苗期分小种（CYR32、CYR33、V26/G22-9和V26/CM42）温室抗病性鉴定、并于2015年和2016年连续两年分别进行杨凌成株期条锈菌混合小种（CYR32、CYR33）人工接种病圃和天水自然诱发条锈菌病圃鉴定,根据苗期和田间成株期的抗病性鉴定结果对其进行抗病类型分类和评价；结合抗谱分析、参照单基因系材料的感病结果，及以Yr5、Yr9、Yr10 、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18和Yr26等7个已知抗条锈基因的标记分别进行的分子检测分析，推测小麦材料可能携带抗病基因。【结果】在107份参鉴材料中，苗期对CYR32与CYR33均表现免疫或者近免疫的品种（系）有57份，占53.27%；对CYR32、CYR33和V26/CM42均表现免疫或者近免疫的品种（系）只有11份，占10.28%；对CYR32、CYR33和V26/G22-9均表现免疫或者近免疫的品种（系）只有9份，占8.41%。综合评价，全生育期抗性的材料仅有8份，占7.48%；成株期抗病材料仅有9份，占8.41%；感病材料90份，占84.11%。分子检测表明，供试材料中21份可能含有Yr9，39份可能含有Yr26，17份可能含有Yr17，3份可能含有Yr18。其他材料中未检测到上述Yr基因(分子标记)的存在，其中没有发现可能含Yr5、Yr10和Yr15的材料。8份具有全生育期抗性的材料，未检测到上述Yr基因（分子标记）的存在，可能含有未检测到的其他抗病基因。【结论】重庆地区小麦品种（系）对小麦条锈菌当前流行小种的抗性整体水平较低，尤其是含Yr26的材料在育种中被广泛而单一地利用。建议利用多基因聚合育种等手段提高当地小麦品种的抗条锈性。

关键词: 小麦条锈病, 抗病基因, 标记辅助检测, 重庆麦区

Abstract: 【Objective】China has one of the largest stripe rust epidemic areas in the world. Chongqing, as an important overwintering region, plays a key role in wheat stripe rust epidemic. Understanding of resistance levels of the wheat cultivars (lines) and the application of Yr genes in this region may provide valuable recommendations for managing the disease.【Method】A total of 18 varieties and 89 advanced lines of wheat were tested at seedlings stage with four Chinese predominant stripe rust races CYR32, CYR33, V26/G22-9 and V26/CM42 of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. In field tests, wheat entries were evaluated for stripe rust resistance in Yangling, Shaanxi, artificially inoculated with mixture of CYR32 and CYR33. In Tianshui, Gansu Province, an over-summering region, the entries were evaluated under natural infection in 2015 and 2016, based on the seedling and field reactions, the resistance of the germplasms was classified and assessed. Based on the reactions of Yr single-gene lines, molecular markers for Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26were used to detect the corresponding genes.【Result】Among the 107 entries, 57 (53.27%) were resistant to both CYR32 and CYR33, 11(10.28% ) were resistant to CYR32, CYR33 and V26 / CM42, 9 (8.41%) were resistant to CYR32, CYR33 and V26/G22-9. 8 (7.48%) lines were resistance both at seedling and adult stages, 9 (8.41%) were resistant at adult plant stage, 90 (84.11%) were susceptible. Among the tested materials, 21 germplasms may contain Yr9 gene, 39 lines(varieties) may contain Yr26 gene, 17 materials may contain Yr17 gene, and 3 may contain Yr18 gene. Other materials controlled by unknown resistance genes. And Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15 were absent in the test lines. The 8 all-stage resistant materials were not detected the presence of the Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18 and Yr26 genes, and they may contain other resistance genes.【Conclusion】The level of resistance of wheat varieties (lines) in the region of Chongqing to tested races is extremely low, and Yr26 materials were used with high frequency especially as the rise of the V26/G22-9 and V26/CM42Yr26-virulent races. It was recommended that in order to improve the diversity of resistance gene, use of resistant varieties is important.

Key words: stripe rust, resistance genes, maker-assisted detection, Chongqing wheat region

李北，徐琪，杨宇衡，王琪琳，曾庆东，吴建辉，穆京妹，黄丽丽，康振生，韩德俊. 重庆麦区小麦品种（系）抗条锈性评价与基因分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(3): 413-425.

LI Bei, XU Qi, YANG YuHeng, WANG QiLin, ZENG QingDong, WU JianHui, MU JingMei, HUANG LiLi, KANG ZhenSheng, HAN DeJun. Stripe Rust Resistance and Genes in Chongqing Wheat Cultivars and Lines[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(3): 413-425.

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