短时高温暴露对褐飞虱存活和生殖特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.09.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确短时高温暴露对褐飞虱成虫存活和生殖特性的影响，为褐飞虱种群发生预测及防治提供理论依据。【方法】采集初羽化24 h内的褐飞虱成虫，辨别雌、雄后放入平底玻璃管内，每管5对，置于水浴循环仪中进行高温暴露处理，设置6个靶标温度，分别为33、35、37、39、39.5和40℃，误差范围0.02℃。高温处理时以25℃为起点温度，然后以0.1℃/min的速度上升至靶标温度，待靶标温度恒定后，在靶标温度下处理2 h。处理结束后，将褐飞虱转移到25℃的人工培养箱中，1 h后观察记录其存活情况，以未经过高温处理的褐飞虱成虫为对照。随后研究其存活率、产卵量及后代存活能力是否发生变化。【结果】33—37℃对褐飞虱雌、雄虫的存活率均无显著影响；而39—40℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄虫的存活率显著下降，其中39.5℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄虫存活率均低于50%，40℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄虫存活率仅为4.5%—6.7%，且成虫存活时间不足24 h；不同高温暴露2 h后，褐飞虱雄成虫逐日存活率曲线坡度较雌成虫陡；在35—39.5℃范围内暴露2 h，褐飞虱的产卵前期有所延长，尤其在39.5℃下暴露2 h，每头褐飞虱雌虫的平均产卵前期达6.3 d，与对照（25℃）的产卵前期3.5 d达到极显著差异水平（P＜0.01）；在35和39℃暴露2 h，产卵前期显著延长，分别达到4.4和4.4 d（P＜0.05）；高温暴露对褐飞虱雌成虫产卵量也有明显的影响，33、35、37、39及39.5℃分别暴露2 h，每雌产卵量显著从25℃的365.5粒下降至165.4、194.6、146.7、301.6和234.7粒（P＜0.05）；高温暴露对褐飞虱后代孵化率和性比均无显著影响，但对其后代总存活率有着显著的影响，随着温度上升，F₁代若虫总存活率由对照（25℃）的80.4%下降至61.8%—75.5%；褐飞虱成虫在33—39.5℃高温下暴露2 h，其F₁代若虫总存活率比对照均下降，而除35℃（75.5%）外，其他温度暴露后，均与对照存在显著差异（P＜0.05），40℃下褐飞虱停止产卵活动。此外，高温暴露还能使褐飞虱的产卵节律和孵化节律发生变化，经39.5℃高温暴露2 h后，较33、35、37和39℃高温处理及对照的产卵高峰期和后代的孵化高峰期推迟。【结论】在39—40℃高温暴露下，褐飞虱成虫存活及产卵量和后代总存活能力显著下降，39℃及以上高温对褐飞虱存活与生殖具有一定的威胁。

关键词: 褐飞虱, 高温暴露, 存活, 生殖

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of short-term exposure to high temperature on the survival and fecundity of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål). The results will provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of occurrence and treatment of the population of N. lugens.【Method】Newly-eclosed N. lugens adults (within 24 h of eclosion) were used in the experiments. Five adult pairs were randomly collected and placed in a glass tube in a water bath at 25℃, and the experiments were carried out, at an increasing temperature with a change of 0.1℃?min^-1from 25℃ to 33, 35, 37, 39, 39.5 and up until 40℃, and kept at the target temperature for 2 h. The error range was 0.02℃. After treatment, tubes were moved into the phytotron to recover for 1 h, and the survival rate of N. lugens was examined. Adults rawed in the phytotron were used as the control group. 【Result】Within the range of 33-37℃, the survival rate and fecundity of N. lugens were not significantly different from the control. Within the range of 39-40℃, the survival rate of N. lugens were decreased. After exposure to 39.5℃ for 2 h, the survival rate of male and female adults was less than 50%. After exposure to 40℃ for 2 h, the female adult survival rate dropped to 4.5%, and that of the male adults was 6.7%. All of the adults died within 24 h. After exposure to 33-39.5℃, the gradient of the male adult survival curve decreased abruptly than female. The preoviposition period was extended from 3.5-6.3 days with the increasing temperature from 33-39.5℃. The preoviposition period was 3.5 d at 25℃, 4.4 d at 35℃, 4.4 d at 39℃ (P＜0.05), and 6.3 d at 39.5℃ (P＜0.01), respectively. Furthermore, high temperature had a negative effect on the fecundity. The average fecundity decreased dramatically after exposure to high temperature for 2 h. F₁ survival to adulthood was significantly reduced when adults were exposed to 33-39.5℃. The survival rate dropped from 80.4% to 61.8%-75.5% as the temperature increased. Female adults ceased oviposition activities after the exposure to 40℃. The oviposition rhythms and the number of eggs of F₁ hatched per day also changed in these heat shock treatments, with prolonged oviposition period and delayed F₁ peak hatching time after exposure to 39.5℃.【Conclusion】The survival and reproduction of N. lugens significantly decreased after exposure to temperatures of 39-40℃. When the exposure temperature exceeds 39℃, it has the potential threats to the survival and fecundity of N. lugens.

Key words: Nilaparvata lugens, heat stress, survival, fecundity

李干金，徐显浩，张海亮，朱敏，崔旭红. 短时高温暴露对褐飞虱存活和生殖特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(9): 1747-1755.

LI Gan-jin, XU Xian-hao, ZHANG Hai-liang, ZHU Min, CUI Xu-hong. Effects of Short-Term Exposure to High Temperature on the Survival and Fecundity of the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(9): 1747-1755.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.09.08

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2015/V48/I9/1747

参考文献

[1] Sogawa K. The rice brown planthopper: feeding physiology and host plant interactions. Annual Review of Entomology, 1982, 27(1): 49-73.

[2] Mochida O, Okada T. Taxonomy and biology of Nilaparvata lugens//Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. Manila: International Rice Research Institute, 1979: 21-43.

[3] Piyaphongkul J, Pritchard J, Bale J. Heat stress impedes development and lowers fecundity of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). PloS One, 2012, 7(10): e47413.

[4] 顾正远, 肖英方. 关于高温影响褐稻虱生存的商榷. 植物保护, 1993, 19(3): 33.

Gu Z Y, Xiao Y F. Discussion on the survival of the high temperature effect of brown planthopper. Plant Protection, 1993, 19(3): 33. (in Chinese)

[5] 尹楚道, 王明华, 李博平. 高温对褐稻虱发育与繁殖的影响. 安徽农学院学报, 1984(1): 99-102.

Yin C D, Wang M H, Li B P. Effect of high temperature on development and reproduction of brown planthopper. Journal of Anhui Agricultural College, 1984(1): 99-102. (in Chinese)

[6] 戴华国, 宋小玲, 吴小毅, 丁宗泽, 李沛元. 高温对稻褐飞虱发育与生殖的影响. 昆虫学报, 1997, 40(增刊): 159-164.

Dai H G, Song X L, Wu X Y, Ding Z Z, Li P Y. The effects of high temperatures on development and reproduction of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 1997, 40(Suppl.): 159-164. (in Chinese)

[7] Zhang W, Zhao F, Hoffmann A A, Ma C S. A single hot event that does not affect survival but decreases reproduction in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. PloS One, 2013, 8(10): e75923.

[8] Junichi Y, Keizi K, Naohisa G, Nami U, Daisuke Y, Satoshi K. Distribution range shift of two allied species, Nezara viridula and N. antennata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in Japan, possibly due to global warming. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2007, 42(2): 205-215.

[9] Hoffmann A A, Blows M W. Species borders: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1994, 9(6): 223-227.

[10] 崔旭红, 谢明, 万方浩. 短时高温暴露对B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱存活以及生殖适应性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(2): 424-430.

Cui X H, Xie M, Wan F H. Effects of brief exposure to high temperature on survival and fecundity of two whitefly species: Bemisia tabaci B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidate). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(2): 424-430. (in Chinese)

[11] 高桂珍, 吕昭智, 夏德萍, 孙平. 高温胁迫及其持续时间对棉蚜死亡和繁殖的影响. 生态学报, 2012, 32(23): 7568-7575.

Gao G Z, Lü Z Z, Xia D P, Sun P. Effects of pattern and timing of high temperature exposure on the mortality and fecundity of Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(23): 7568-7575. (in Chinese)

[12] 李超, 程登发, 刘怀, 张云慧, 孙京瑞. 温度对马铃薯甲虫分布的影响——以新疆吐鲁番地区夏季高温对其羽化的影响为例.中国农业科学, 2013, 46(4): 737-744.

Li C, Cheng D F, Liu H, Zhang Y H, Sun J R. Effects of temperature on the distribution of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)-Effect of high temperature on its emergence in Turpan, Xinjiang. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(4): 737-744. (in Chinese)

[13] Ma G, Ma C S. Climate warming may increase aphids’ dropping probabilities in response to high temperatures. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2012, 58(11): 1456-1462.

[14] 杨丽红, 黄海, 王进军. 高温胁迫对柑橘全爪螨存活及生殖的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(4): 693-701.

Yang L H, Huang H, Wang J J. Effects of exposure to heat stress on survival and fecundity of Panonychus citri. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(4): 693-701. (in Chinese)

[15] Régnière J, Powell J, Bentz B, Nealis V. Effects of temperature on development, survival and reproduction of insects: Experimental design, data analysis and modeling. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2012, 58(5): 634-647.

[16] Zizzari Z V, Ellers J. Effects of exposure to short-term heat stress on male reproductive fitness in a soil arthropod. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011, 57(3): 421-426.

[17] Angilletta Jr. M J, Niewiarowski P H, Navas C A. The evolution of thermal physiology in ectotherms. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2002, 27(4): 249-268.

[18] Piyaphongkul J, Pritchard J, Bale J. Can tropical insects stand the heat? A case study with the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). PloS One, 2012, 7(1): e29409.

[19] Hoffmann A A, Sørensen J G, Loeschcke V. Adaptation of Drosophila to temperature extremes: bringing together quantitative and molecular approaches. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2003, 28(3): 175-216.

[20] 赵鑫, 傅建炜, 万方浩, 郭建英, 王进军. 短时高温暴露对莲草直胸跳甲生殖特性的影响. 昆虫学报, 2009, 52(10): 1110-1114.

Zhao X, Fu J W, Wan F H, Guo J Y, Wang J J. Effects of brief high temperature exposure on reproductive characteristics of Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2009, 52(10): 1110-1114. (in Chinese)

[21] 丛林, 郭建英, 万方浩. 卵期短时高温暴露对 B 型烟粉虱存活和繁殖特性的影响. 植物保护学报, 2010, 37(4): 347-352.

Cong L, Guo J Y, Wan F H. Effects of heat shock temperature and duration of exposure on the survival and fecundity of Bemisia tabaci B-biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 2010, 37(4): 347-352. (in Chinese)

[22] Hercus M J, Loeschcke V, Rattan S I S. Life span extension of Drosophila melanogaster through hormesis by repeated mild heat stress. Biogerontology, 2003, 4(3): 149-156.

[23] Gruntenko N, Bownes M, Terashima J, Sukhanova M Z, Raushenbach I Y. Heat stress affects oogenesis differently in wild-type Drosophila virilis and a mutant with altered juvenile hormone and 20- hydroxyecdysone levels. Insect Molecular Biology, 2003, 12(4): 393-404.

[24] 郭慧芳, 陈长琨, 李国清, 陈文武, 王荫长. 高温胁迫影响雄性棉铃虫生殖力的生理机制. 棉花学报, 2002, 14(2): 85-90.

Guo H F, Chen C K, Li G Q, Chen W W, Wang Y C. Physiological effects of high temperature on fecundity in male cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Cotton Science, 2002, 14(2): 85-90. (in Chinese)

[25] 俞晓平, 巫国瑞. 高温和浸水对褐稻虱繁殖及生存的影响. 浙江农业科学, 1991(5): 239-241.

Yu X P, Wu G R. Effect of high temperature and water on the reproduction and survival of brown planthopper. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 1991(5): 239-241. (in Chinese)

[26] 董双林, 杜家纬. 交配和温度对甜菜夜蛾雌蛾性信息产生的影响. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(12): 1633-1636.

Dong S L, Du J W. Effects of mating experience and temperature on sex pheromone production of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(12): 1633-1636. (in Chinese)

[27] Giebultowicz J M, Webb R E, Raina A K, Ridgway R L. Effects of temperature and age on daily changes in pheromone titer in laboratory-reared and wild gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environmental Entomology, 1992, 21(4): 822-826.

[28] Piyaphongkul J, Pritchard J, Bale J. Effects of acclimation on the thermal tolerance of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2014, 16(2): 174-183.