中国典型土壤硝化作用与土壤性质的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.07.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】系统研究中国典型土壤硝化特性与土壤性质的关系，从而为采取针对性的措施提高氮肥利用率和减少环境污染提供理论基础。【方法】采用室内培养的方法，通过控制施氮量、温度、水分含量对中国13种不同土壤的硝化作用进行研究，并探讨了土壤硝化作用与土壤性质的关系。【结果】通过“S”形曲线方程模拟得出，土壤最大硝化作用速率（Kmax）以黄绵土最高，其次是红油土，砖红壤为最小。硝态氮累积达到最大所需要的时间（t0）以水稻土为最长，其次是砖红壤和棕壤，以燥红土和灌淤土最小。土壤最大硝化作用速率（Kmax）与土壤pH均呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），与土壤无定形铁含量成显著负相关（P＜0.05），但达到最大硝化速率需要的时间（t0）与土壤pH呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。【结论】土壤pH、土壤无定形铁含量、碳酸钙量和土壤阳离子代换量（CEC）是影响土壤最大硝化速率及达到最大硝化速率所需时间t0的主要因素。

关键词: 硝化作用 , 最大硝化速率（Kmax） , 硝化速率达到最大需要的时间（t0） , 土壤性质

Abstract: 【Objective】The correlation between nitrification characteristics and soil properties of thirteen main soil types in China were studied to lay a theoretical basis for the nitrogen management and environmental protection. 【Method】The changes of nitrate and ammonium contents in soil with time were determined during the process of nitrification under urea rate 0.2 g N·kg-1, moisture content 60% WHC, and temperature 25℃ in the laboratory incubation condition. The equation, NtNO=SNO /[1+EXP (a-bt)], was used to express the accumulation of nitrate with time. The maximal soil nitrification rate Kmax and nitrification time t0 were derived from the equation and used to characterize quantitatively the nitrification process in different soils. 【Result】Among tested soils, Kmax of Cumulic cinnamon soil was the highest, Loess soil was the next, and the lowest was Lateritic soil. The paddy soil had the biggest t0 , brown soil and moisture soil were the next, savanna red soil and Yuguan soil had the smallest t0. Soil Kmax had a pronounced positive correlation with soil CaCO3 contents and soil pH (P＜0.05)，but t0 was negatively correlated with soil pH(P＜0.05). Through path analysis the calcium carbonate content was the major factor influencing Kmax, and pH affects Kmax through the indirect effects of other factors. With respect to direct effect in the path analysis, soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of soil had the most significant influence on Kmax.【Conclusion】Soil pH is the major influencing factor on t0, and soil CEC, amorphous iron and calcium carbonate content are the next, while the urea active, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content and clay content have the least influence on t0.

Key words: nitrification , maximal nitrification rate (Kmax) , maximal nitrification time (t0) , soil properties

鲍俊丹，石美，张妹婷，梁东丽，吴雄平. 中国典型土壤硝化作用与土壤性质的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(7): 1390-1398.

BAOJun-dan;SHIMei;ZHANGMei-ting;LIANGDong-li;WUXiong-ping. Nitrification of Main Soils in China and Its Relationship with Soil Properties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(7): 1390-1398.

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