苹果农药残留风险评估

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.013

中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (18): 3655-3667.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.013

苹果农药残留风险评估

聂继云¹，李志霞¹，刘传德²，方金豹³，王成⁴，郭永泽⁵，雷绍荣⁶，李海飞¹，徐国锋¹，闫震¹

¹中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业部果品质量安全风险评估实验室（兴城），辽宁兴城 125100
²山东省烟台市农业科学院，山东烟台 265500
³中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所，郑州 450009
⁴新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所，乌鲁木齐 830091
⁵天津市农业质量标准与检测技术研究所，天津 300381
⁶四川省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所，成都 610066

收稿日期:2014-03-25 修回日期:2014-05-27 出版日期:2014-09-16 发布日期:2014-09-16
通讯作者: 聂继云，Tel：0429-3598178；E-mail：jiyunnie@163.com
作者简介:聂继云，Tel：0429-3598178；E-mail：jiyunnie@163.com
基金资助:
国家农产品质量安全风险评估计划（GJFP2014002）
中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项（0032014013）

Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Apples

NIE Ji-yun¹, LI Zhi-xia¹, LIU Chuan-de², FANG Jin-bao³, WANG Cheng⁴, GUO Yong-ze⁵, LEI Shao-rong⁶, LI Hai-fei¹, XU Guo-feng¹, YAN Zhen¹

¹ Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning
²Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong
³Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009
⁴Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumchi 830091
⁵Tianjin Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Tianjin 300381
⁶ Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066

Received:2014-03-25 Revised:2014-05-27 Online:2014-09-16 Published:2014-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】开展苹果农药残留风险评估研究，为苹果消费、农药残留监管和农药最大残留限量（MRLs）制修订提供科学依据。【方法】对采自主产区的200个苹果样品进行农药残留检测，分别用%ADI和%ARfD进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险评估和急性膳食摄入风险评估，用ADI值、大份餐和体重计算最大残留限量估计值（eMRL），借鉴英国兽药残留委员会兽药残留风险排序矩阵进行农药和样品风险排序。【结果】⑴ 检测的102种农药中26种农药检出残留，检测的200个样品中189个样品检出农药残留，仅有1个样品农药残留超标（超标农药为氧乐果）；⑵ 检出残留的26种农药，其慢性膳食摄入风险（用%ADI表示）在0.00%—1.07%，平均值为0.13%；其急性膳食摄入风险（用%ARfD表示）在0.18%—22.41%，平均值为4.12%；⑶ 根据残留风险得分，检出残留的26种农药可划分为3类，即高风险农药（8种）、中风险农药（10种）、低风险农药（8种）；⑷ 以风险指数排序，风险高的样品仅占1.5%，风险中、低和极低的样品占98.5%；⑸ 在检出残留的26种农药中，灭幼脲可不制定MRL，氟硅唑等6种农药的MRLs过严，乐果等5种农药的MRLs过松，建议矮壮素、苯醚甲环唑、虫酰肼、二嗪磷、氟硅唑、甲基硫菌灵、乐果、联苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、炔螨特、噻嗪酮、三氯杀螨醇、杀扑磷、戊唑醇、烯唑醇、亚胺硫磷和抑霉唑的MRLs分别设定为4、1、2、0.5、0.6、7、0.2、1、2、2、1、0.8、0.2、0.1、3、0.5、1和3 mg·kg^-1。【结论】苹果农药残留检出率相对较高，但99.5%的苹果样品其农药残留量均低于MRLs。苹果农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险和急性膳食摄入风险均很低。苹果应重点关注氧乐果、磷胺、杀扑磷、毒死蜱、二嗪磷、联苯菊酯、亚胺硫磷和乐果残留。建议修订或制定苹果中矮壮素等18种农药的MRLs。

关键词: 苹果, 农药, 残留, 风险评估, 最大残留限量

Abstract: 【Objective】Risk assessment of pesticide residues in apples will provide a scientific basis for apple consumption, apple pesticide residue supervision, and establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in apple. 【Method】Residues of 102 pesticides in 200 apple samples from main producing areas in China were detected. Chronic dietary intake risk and acute dietary intake risk of pesticide residues in these samples were assessed, respectively, by %ADI and %ARfD. Estimated maximum residue limits (eMRLs) of 26 pesticides with detectable residues were calculated by ADIs, large portion of apple, and body weight of consumer. The Matrix Ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to rank the risk of pesticides and apple samples.【Result】25.5% of pesticides (26/102) and 89.5% of apple samples (179/200) had detectable residues. 0.5% of apple samples contained residue above the MRL (of omethoate). For 26 pesticides with detectable residues, their chronic dietary intake risks expressed as %ADI were 0.00%-1.07% with an average of 0.13%, and their acute dietary intake risks expressed as %ARfD were 0.18%-22.41% with an average of 4.12%. These 26 pesticides were divided into 3 groups by risk score, i.e. high risk group (8 pesticides), medium risk group (10 pesticides), and low risk group (8 pesticides). Apple samples studied were ranked by risk index, 1.5% of which had high pesticide residue risk, and 98.5% of which had medium, low, or lower pesticide residue risk. Among 26 pesticides with detectable residues, it is unnecessary for chlorbenzuron to establish MRL in apple, MRLs of 6 pesticides (e.g. flusilazole) are overly strict, MRLs of 5 pesticides (e.g. dimethoate) are overly loose, and MRLs of 18 pesticides (including chlormequat, difenoconazole, tebufenozide, diazinon, flusilazole, thiophanate-methyl, dimethoate, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, propargite, buprofezin, dicofol, methidathion, tebuconazole, diniconazole, phosmet, and imazali) were proposed to be 4, 1, 2, 0.5, 0.6, 7, 0.2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0.8, 0.2, 0.1, 3, 0.5, 1, and 3 mg•kg^-1, respectively.【Conclusion】Pesticide residues in Chinese apples had a relatively high detection rate, but pesticide residues in 99.5% of samples were under MRLs. Both chronic and acute dietary intake risks of pesticide residues in Chinese apples were very low. Residues of 8 pesticides in apples should be focused on, including omethoate, phosphamidon, methidathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, bifenthrin, phosmet, and dimethoate. And MRLs for 18 pesticides (e.g. chlormequat) in apples were proposed to be established or revised.

Key words: apple, pesticide, residue, risk assessment, maximum residue limit

聂继云，李志霞，刘传德，方金豹，王成，郭永泽，雷绍荣，李海飞，徐国锋，闫震. 苹果农药残留风险评估[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(18): 3655-3667.

NIE Ji-yun, LI Zhi-xia, LIU Chuan-de, FANG Jin-bao, WANG Cheng, GUO Yong-ze, LEI Shao-rong, LI Hai-fei, XU Guo-feng, YAN Zhen. Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Apples[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(18): 3655-3667.

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苹果农药残留风险评估

Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Apples

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