增氧栽培对桃幼树根系构型及氮素代谢的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.10.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨增氧栽培对桃幼树根系构型及根系氮素代谢的影响，为探明氧气在桃树根系生长发育中的作用奠定基础。【方法】在大田栽培条件下，以2年生桃品种‘春美’为试材，试验采用的增氧栽培装置为硬质塑料盒，底部有大小均匀的小孔。设置每3 d通气增氧1次，以不通气为对照，共2个处理。每隔20 d测定不同处理桃幼树生长期土壤氧气含量的变化，同时测定桃幼树根系活力、根系全氮含量以及根系转氨酶活性；新稍停止生长后，使用专业版WinRHIZO根系分析系统测定根系构型参数。分析增氧栽培对土壤氧气含量、桃幼树根系构型、根系活力以及根系氮素代谢的影响。【结果】增氧栽培显著提高了土壤氧气含量；增氧栽培桃幼树根系总长度、总表面积、一级侧根数、二级侧根数、根尖数、总体积、分枝数、交叉数较对照均有不同程度增加，分别比对照增加了50.53%、42.66%、13.64%、18.51%、44.94%、5.48%、37.01%和54.41%；一级侧根长度和根系平均直径减小；一级侧根与垂直向下方向的夹角整体上减小，小夹角数量增多，根系趋向于垂直分布；直径小于2 mm的根系干重显著高于对照的，直径大于5 mm的根系干重减少；增氧栽培的根系活力、根系硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性分别比对照提高了19.04%、29.80%、6.56%和19.91%；根系全氮含量较对照提高了18.90%；另外，增氧栽培的桃幼树植株干物质积累量、干茎均高于对照。【结论】增氧栽培可较有效地提高土壤氧气含量，土壤氧气浓度的增加可促进桃幼树根系的发生与生长；提高桃幼树根系活力和氮素代谢水平，利于桃幼树植株干物质积累，促进桃幼树生长发育和形态建成。

关键词: 桃幼树 , 增氧栽培 , 根系构型 , 根系活力 , 氮素代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of aeration cultivation on root architecture and nitrogen metabolism of young peach trees in order to lay a foundation for finding out the role of oxygen in the peach tree root growth and development.【Method】Two-year-old peach tree ‘Chunmei’ was selected to study the effects of aeration cultivation on soil O2 content, root activity, root architecture and nitrogen metabolism of young peach trees. Plastic box with uniform small holes at the bottom was used as the aerobic cultivation device. There were two treatments including the control (non-aeration) and aeration cultivation. The change of soil O2 concentration, root activity, root total nitrogen and root transaminase activity was determined in the peach tree growing season. The professional edition of root analysis system WinRHIZO was used to determine the parameter of root architecture after the new shoots slightly stop growing.【Result】Aeration cultivation improved soil O2 content. After aeration cultivation, the total root length, total root surface area, number of first lateral roots and second lateral roots, number of tips, total root volume, number of forks, number of cross increased by 50.53%, 42.66%, 13.64%, 18.51%, 44.94%, 5.48%, 37.01% and 54.41%, respectively compared with the control. The average length of first lateral roots and root average diameter decreased. The angle between first lateral roots and vertically downward direction was decreased, the number of small angle increased, and root tended to vertically distribution under aeration cultivation. The dry matter of roots which the diameter was less than 2 mm was significantly higher than control and the dry matter of roots which the diameter was greater than 5 mm was decreased under aeration cultivation. The activity of root system, the activities of NR, GOT, GPT and the content of root total nitrogen were higher than the control under aeration cultivation and they increased 19.04%, 29.80%, 6.56%, 19.91% and 18.90%, respectively. After aeration cultivation, the dry matter accumulation and stem of young peach trees were higher than the control. 【Conclusion】 Aeration cultivation can increase the soil O2 concentration and promote the occurrence and growth of fine roots. It can induce root straight down growth and improve the level of the root nitrogen metabolism. It is advantageous to accumulate the dry matter and promote the growth and development of young peach trees.

Key words: young peach tree , aeration cultivation , root architecture , root activity , nitrogen metabolism

肖元松1, 彭福田1, 张亚飞1, 齐玉吉1, 王贵芳1, 王新亮2, 束怀瑞1. 增氧栽培对桃幼树根系构型及氮素代谢的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(10): 1995-2002.

XIAO Yuan-Song-1, PENG Fu-Tian-1, ZHANG Ya-Fei-1, QI Yu-Ji-1, WANG Gui-Fang-1, WANG Xin-Liang-2, SHU Huai-Rui-1. Effects of Aeration Cultivation on Root Architecture and Nitrogen Metabolism of Young Peach Trees[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(10): 1995-2002.

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