柑橘黄龙病防治研究项目回顾与展望

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过调查明确在中国大陆，除了广东、福建和广西外，浙江南部、江西南部、湖南南部的局部地区、贵州部分地区、云南以及四川与云南相邻的部分地区亦有黄龙病发生。调查中，进一步明确斑驳型黄化叶可用作田间诊断黄龙病的主要依据。1974～1975年试验证明黄龙病对四环素敏感，初步证明黄龙病病原是类菌原体，推荐用四环素消毒接穗生产无病苗木。试验证明柑橘木虱传播黄龙病和通过茎尖嫁接可以脱除黄龙病病原体。在嫁接传播中，用枝皮作接种源的传病率明显低于芽与枝段；5～7月病树芽的带病率低于其它季节。组织、参与有关柑橘黄龙病的科学研究协作、科学普及和国际交流。进一步调查黄龙病在中国的流行区域，进一步研究柑橘木虱传病规律，病原菌在寄主体内分布和潜育期，研究病原菌的分离培养和抗（耐）病品种的转基因育种。

关键词: 柑橘 , 黄龙病 , 类菌原体 , 柑橘木虱

Abstract: The survey of the occurrence of huanglongbing (HLB) indicated that in the mainland of China, HLB is not only prevalent in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi ,but also in southern Zhejiang, southern Jiangxi, some areas of Southern Hunan, a part of Guizhou, Yunnan and some areas of Sichuan neighbouring Yunnan. In the survey, mottling yellow leaf is commonly used as main cristerion for HLB diagnosis in the field. The tetracycline sensitivity of the causal agent of HLB was experimentally confirmed in 1974-1975, and mycoplasma-like organism etiology of HLB was preliminarily declared. Immersing budwood in tetracycline was recommended for producing HLB free budlings. The transmission of HLB by citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuw. and the exclusion of HLB pathogen by shoot-tip grafting have been experimentally confirmed. In the graft transmission tests, as the piece of stem bark is used as inoculum, the transmission rate is much lower than that as the bud or piece of stem is used. As budwoods are collected from the same diseased tree, and grafting taken in each month of one year, HLB incidence of the propeny grafted in May-July is apparently lower than that grafted in other periods. Scientific research cooperation, scientific popularization and international exchange in HLB research have been organized and/or joined. Further examination on HLB prevailing area in China, and further study on the rule of HLB transmission by citrus psyllid, the distribution of HLB bacterium in the host and the incubation period are prospected. The study on the isolation and culture of HLB bacterium and breeding of resistant or tolerant citrus by gene engineering is also prospected.

Key words: Citrus , Huanglongbing , Mycoplasma-like organism , Citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)

赵学源，蒋元晖. 柑橘黄龙病防治研究项目回顾与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(增刊): 3129-3136.

ZHAO Xue-yuan, JIANG Yuan-hui. Review and Prospect of Huanglongbing Research Project[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(增刊): 3129-3136.

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